One of the most common elements of a home electrical network is electrical Outlet. On the diagram, it may look like various symbols, which depend on the type and design of this device.
The most important stage in the arrangement of electrical wiring is the drawing up of a plan for the placement of all its elements. Proper application of all the components of the electrical network to the electrical circuit ensures the correct planning of the required amount of materials, as well as a high level of electrical safety. A properly drawn up scheme greatly facilitates the selection of the types of equipment required.
The electrical wiring plan is drawn up taking into account the scale of the premises and the features of its layout.
Advice! Traditionally, for the preparation of such drawings, a single-line diagram is used, which allows you to display all the elements of the network without cluttering the drawing with a large number of lines depicting connecting wires.
Guidance Documents
In order to unify the designations used in electrical circuits, back in Soviet times, GOST 21.614-88 “Conventional graphic images of electrical equipment and wiring on plans” was adopted.
In accordance with this document, the simplest geometric shapes are used to designate all elements of the electrical network, which make it easy to apply, as well as identify one or another element on the electrical circuit.
Strict requirements for the implementation of such drawings eliminate confusion and double interpretation of all the symbols printed on the diagram, which is extremely important when performing installation work in the electrical network.
Designations of elements of open installation
The simplest two-pole electrical outlet of an open installation without a grounding contact is depicted on the electrical circuit in the form of a semicircle with a line drawn perpendicular to its convex part.
The designation of a double socket differs from the previous one by the presence of two parallel lines. The graphic symbol corresponding to a three-pole product is a semicircle, the convex part of which is adjoined by three lines converging at one point and fanned out.
To designate a socket with a grounding contact, a horizontal line is added to its image, which is tangent to the upper point of the semicircle.
Sockets for concealed wiring
Concealed wiring is the most common type of home electrical network. For its laying, devices are used that are built into the wall using special mounting boxes.
The only difference between the designation of such sockets and the above figure is the perpendicular, which is lowered from the middle of the straight segment to the center of the circle.
Devices with increased protection against dust and moisture
The considered sockets do not differ in a high level of protection against the penetration of solid objects into their housing, as well as moisture. Such products can be used indoors, where operating conditions preclude such effects. As for devices intended for installation outdoors or, for example, in bathrooms, according to the accepted classification, their degree of protection should be below IP44 (where the first digit corresponds to the level of protection against dust, the second - against moisture).
Such sockets are indicated on the diagram in the form of a semicircle completely filled in black. As in the previous case, two-pole and three-pole waterproof sockets are indicated by the corresponding number of segments adjacent to the convex part of the semicircle.
switches
The switch in the diagram is indicated as a circle, to which at an angle of 45 with an inclination to the right side, a line is drawn, having one, two or three perpendicular segments at the end (depending on the number of keys of the depicted switch).
The image of flush-mounted switches is the same, only the segments at the end of the slash are drawn to both sides of it at the same distance.
Moisture-resistant products are indicated by a black circle.
It is worth paying attention to the image walk-through switches, which resembles two conventional switches mirrored from the center of the same circle.
Socket blocks
Often, in terms of a home electrical network, it is necessary to provide for the installation of blocks that include a different number of the most common elements - sockets and switches.
The simplest block, containing a two-pole socket in its composition, and a single-gang flush-mounted switch is depicted as a semicircle, from the center of which a perpendicular is drawn, as well as a line at an angle of 45 , corresponding to a single-gang switch.
Similarly, blocks containing a different number of sockets and switches are applied to the diagram. For example, a flush-mounted unit, which includes a two-pole socket, as well as one-gang and two-gang switches, has the designation:
Thus, the designation of the elements on the electrical circuit is carried out in such a way as to ensure the greatest ease in its compilation and reading. It is worth remembering once the basic principles for constructing such schemes in order to easily use the apartment wiring plan of any complexity in the future.
