The act of testing the systems of internal sewerage and drains

Work acceptance procedure

When accepting such work, first of all, the tests themselves are carried out, which can be:

Hydraulic - only non-pressure drainage systems are exposed to them, whether it be sewage pipelines or storm sewers. the check is carried out in the areas between the wells by filling the system with process water. Tests are carried out in two stages - checking pipes and connections before backfilling the soil and checking the performance of the entire sewer after backfilling the soil. Tests are carried out by supplying water to wells or receiving grids for 30 minutes, during which the performance of the system is measured and the tightness of seams and joints is controlled. Tests can also be made on the ability of pipes and connections to withstand the maximum allowable pressure in the entire drain.
Pneumatic - during such tests, the ability of the waste system to withstand the design pressure is checked, according to GOSTs or project documentation. For such a range of studies, specialized organizations are involved that have the necessary equipment and licenses, the process itself includes checking the pressure in the system or in its individual sections when air is supplied under pressure.

If during the experiments the entire system withstood the normative indicators of SNIP 3.05.04-85, then an act of acceptance of the work performed is drawn up, otherwise a defective statement and an act of troubleshooting the drain are drawn up.

During periodic control at enterprises that have pipelines for domestic and drinking purposes, external drain systems are also tested during disinfection or treatment with special reagents.

Testing basic principles

The internal system includes the following objects:

All plumbing points and household appliances that drain water;
All pipeline connected to the central manifold;
Central sewer line.

The external system under test includes:

A pipeline located outside the building for transporting wastewater to a place of accumulation or disposal;
All revision and rotary wells;
Storm channels.

In order for the testing to pass qualitatively and fully reflect the state and performance of sewer communications, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules:

So, all plumbing points before work should be cleared of possible construction and natural debris;
It is worth checking all points for cracks, chips and other damage;
It is important to track the evenness of all straight sections of the network. There should be no deflections and bends;
All vertical risers must be checked with a plumb line;
To check the pipeline, you can use both the hydraulic method (strait method) and pneumatic (pumping the system with air);
Important: the strait of sewer communication can only be carried out if the air temperature around does not fall below +5 degrees

If the outdoor temperature is below the specified parameter, then the pneumatic testing method is used.
For each floor of the building, it is worth conducting a separate communication check. To do this, on all other floors, plugs are installed for revision.

After the installation of the sewer system, before proceeding to the finishing work inside and backfilling the trenches from the outside, the drainage network must be tested to make sure that the nodes, pipelines and their connections are tight. Checking the external system and the internal network is carried out in various ways, regulated by the fundamental document of the builders - SNiP.How the tightness of pipes and sewer connections is tested by spillage, filling, and other methods, and what data is entered, if necessary, in the inspection report, you will learn by reading the article.

The entire sewerage system in each building is divided into an internal sewerage network and an external sewerage system. The internal sewer wiring includes the following nodes to be checked:

plumbing fixtures and places of their connection with outlet pipes;
local sections of a horizontal pipeline with pipes flowing into it from plumbing fixtures;
sewerage risers;
outgoing pipe.

In the outer part of the sewer system, sections of the pipeline (between cleaning, auxiliary equipment) are tested for tightness, as well as:

operability of wells, tightness and slope of the pipeline;
condition of treatment or storage facilities (reservoirs);
storm sewer.

Testing the sewerage system outside the building

Outdoor sections and nodes of the sewer network are in most cases carried out hydraulically (except for the mentioned situation with low air temperature). The test objects are:

pipeline (tightness, slope);
operability of differential and rotary wells;
the state of storm sewers (tightness of gutters, gutters, the ability to divert a given volume of water per unit time).

The outlet sleeve is tested like an internal pipeline (flow, compressed air). In pressure sewer networks, the integrity of joints and pipes is checked under pressure. The test is considered positive if the pressure at the inlet and outlet of the system is the same, which indicates that there are no leaks.

Wells are tested by filling with water. A filled tank with hermetically sealed inlet and outlet should not form leaks, that is, the water level in the well should be constant for a certain time. Testing of other structures included in the external sewer system (cesspools, septic tanks) occurs in a similar way. The results of the leak test are reflected in the act.

Storm sewers are checked as follows:

the drain is sealed into a common outlet pipe;
the system is filled with water (horizontal drainage along the perimeter of the roof, vertical drains);
the result is taken into account after 10 minutes (for metal systems) or after 20 (for plastic ones);
a positive test result for the storm drain is entered into the inspection report if the water level has not changed, and leaks are not visually detected at the junctions of pipes and fittings.

It is necessary to test the sewer system before starting finishing work inside the building and backfilling trenches and pits outside. Testing allows you to find and correct defects made during the installation of sewer pipelines and structures in time. Sewerage operation is possible if in the final document (inspection report) all tests carried out in accordance with SNiP were successful.

After completing all the installation work on arranging the sewerage, it is necessary to test the communication by the strait method. This is done in order to identify defects in the installation of drains, channels, sewer outlets, internal drain systems, etc. The result of the inspection is entered into the act, the form of which is approved by SNiP (Appendix D, SP 73.13330.2012 “Internal sanitary systems of the building” - updated version of SNiP 3.05.01-85). A similar document in everyday life is called the “Act of the Strait of the Sewer System” in narrow circles of professionals, the same document has the official name “The Act of Testing Internal Sewerage and Drainage Systems”.

A similar stage in the construction of sewer communications is mandatory and cannot be canceled.The verification activities themselves are carried out using the full spillage method, provided that at least 75% of the drain holes are opened in a single period of time.

Below in the material there is an example of the correct filling of the document.

To identify defects in the sewage system, a series of tests is carried out, which includes:

Checking the operation of the internal part of the communication by the strait method;
Full check of tightness of all joints of the pipeline along its entire length;
Identification of possible defects in the operation of all sewer wells (inspection, rotary, revision, etc.);
Sewerage testing.

Hydraulic testing of pipelines and commissioning

Water supply, water disposal tests

The assembled pipeline is subject to a test for strength and density (tightness) in a hydraulic way. The maximum length for testing at one time a pipeline made of cast-iron pipes should be no more than 1 km, with a longer length in sections no more than 1 km.

The length of test sections of pipelines during a hydraulic test is allowed to be more than 1 km, provided that the value of the allowable flow rate of pumped water should be determined as for a section 1 km long.

Testing of pipelines should be carried out in 2 stages:

- a preliminary test for strength and tightness, performed after partial backfilling of the pipeline;

- the final (acceptance) test for strength and tightness, performed after the pipeline is completely backfilled.

Both stages of the test must be carried out before the installation of hydrants, plungers, safety valves, instead of which flange plugs should be installed during the test.

The values of the internal design pressure Рр and test pressure Рsp for carrying out preliminary and acceptance tests of the pressure pipeline for strength must be determined by the project and indicated in the working documentation.

Before starting the hydrotest, you should check and make sure that air is completely removed from the pipeline presented for testing. It is recommended to fill the pipeline with water from the lower side of the site. When testing the pipeline for strength, the following operations are performed:

- gradual increase in pressure in the pipeline (by 3-5 kgf / cm2) with pressure holding at each stage for at least 5 minutes and inspection of pipes and butt joints;

- if a leak is detected during pressure increase, it is necessary to establish the cause of the leakage and take measures to eliminate it; the elimination of the detected pipeline defects can be carried out after the pressure in it is reduced to atmospheric;

- it is strictly forbidden to walk along the tested pipeline, tapping, tightening bolted connections and finding workers in the trench;

- when the test pressure Risp is reached in the pipeline for at least 10 minutes, they do not allow a pressure drop of more than 1 kgf / cm2, making additional pumping of water to Risp.

The pipeline is considered to have passed the strength test if, when the test pressure is reached, it does not break the pipes, break the butt joints, and when inspecting the pipeline, no water leaks are detected.

The specifics of drawing up a test report

Regardless of the type and method of verification, the document must contain the following items:

The header of the document, where the date of compilation and the city in which the document is drawn up and signed should be indicated. The indication of the city is mandatory, since the signing of the act may take place outside the settlement where the installation or repair of the water drainage system was carried out.

Also in this part of the document, the name of the organizations and the full name of the leaders should be indicated, as in the charter of the organizations that carried out control, testing and technical or architectural supervision over the progress of the work.

Also in this paragraph there should be references to the design marks and coordinates of the sewage system, according to the master plan or special sections of the construction project.

Document header template

After the heading of the document, there is an extract from the technical conditions according to which the experiments were carried out. This section contains calculation formulas, a list of necessary test equipment, conditions and procedures for carrying out work.

When filling out this paragraph, the data taken from the measuring instruments during the research are used. If the act itself does not contain this section, then there should be a link to the test report, which describes the process in detail and all calculations are made. All results can be summarized for convenience in a single table.

The act of testing the systems of internal sewerage and drains

Sample filling section of measurements and calculations

The last item is the decision of the commission, which indicates the result of the tests and the conclusion that the drain system is ready to be accepted into operation. In case of non-compliance, the reason is indicated and links are given to defective statements and acts for correction and revision.

In the event that the pipeline has passed all the tests, the full data of all members of the acceptance committee and their signatures are indicated, after which this document becomes the basis for drawing up an act of disagreement or a statement of work performed, according to the conclusion of the expert committee.

An important condition for the preparation of this document is the procedure for empowering members of the commission, for which the necessary orders of managers must be created. Also important are the attestation documents of all members of this commission, confirming the qualifications of the participants to conduct research or monitor the progress of their conduct.

The specifics of drawing up a test report

Regardless of the type and method of verification, the document must contain the following items:

Also in this paragraph there should be references to the design marks and coordinates of the sewage system, according to the master plan or special sections of the construction project.

Document header template

Sample filling section of measurements and calculations

> The act of testing the sewerage to the strait

Testing basic principles

The internal system includes the following objects:

All plumbing points and household appliances that drain water;
All pipeline connected to the central manifold;
Central sewer line.

The external system under test includes:

A pipeline located outside the building for transporting wastewater to a place of accumulation or disposal;
All revision and rotary wells;
Storm channels.

In order for the testing to pass qualitatively and fully reflect the state and performance of sewer communications, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules:

During the test of the external sewerage by the strait method, the same document is drawn up as during the test of the internal sewage system. The form of the act itself is not a form of strict reporting and can be drawn up by the customer, contractor or subcontractor.

Also, during the experiments on the external water drainage system, one of the forms of SNiP 3.05.04-85 can be used, which is a general form of the acceptance document for the work performed during the installation or repair of sewage drainage.

Testing of external sewerage networks

Preliminary tests Acceptance tests Pneumatic tests Preliminary tests The hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline during its preliminary test should be created by filling the riser installed at its upper point with water, or by filling the upper well with water, if the latter is to be tested. In this case, the value of hydrostatic pressure at the top of the pipeline is determined by the magnitude of the excess of the water level in the riser or well above the pipeline rack or above the groundwater horizon, if the latter is located above the rack. The value of the hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline during its testing must be indicated in the working documentation. For pipelines laid from non-pressure concrete, reinforced concrete and ceramic pipes, this value, as a rule, should be equal to 0.04 MPa (0.4 kgf / cm2).

Testing the external network Testing the external sewage system is carried out mainly in a hydraulic way. Produced works:

pipeline slope control;
the pipeline is tested for tightness;
examination of wells and other equipment.

The level of the slope of the external sewerage is checked by the level.

The check is carried out between the wells, in stages, each section is disconnected from the system using a plug. Test scheme for non-pressure systems::

checking pipes for blockages and residues of construction debris, if necessary - flushing;
spill test - a section of the system is filled with water, if no leaks are detected within 10 minutes - the test is passed.

Water is supplied to the pressure sewer under pressure. With the same pressure at the inlet and outlet of the pipe, the test is also considered passed.

The check includes:

testing of the pipeline for tightness (carried out as described above. Pipe sections located between wells or other elements of the system are taken for verification);
checking the level of the slope of the pipeline;
testing of wells and other equipment;
checking the performance of storm drains.

To check the level of pipe laying, which is necessary for a gravity sewer system, a level is used.

If pressure sewerage is being tested, then water must be supplied to the piping system under pressure specified by the design documents. The test of pressure sewer pipelines is considered successfully passed if the pressure in the flow to the network and at the outlet from it is the same.

Testing basic principles

The internal system includes the following objects:

All plumbing points and household appliances that drain water;
All pipeline connected to the central manifold;
Central sewer line.

The external system under test includes:

A pipeline located outside the building for transporting wastewater to a place of accumulation or disposal;
All revision and rotary wells;
Storm channels.

In order for the testing to pass qualitatively and fully reflect the state and performance of sewer communications, it is necessary to adhere to the basic rules:

After completion of the installation work of the internal sewage systems and drains, the installation organization must carry out their tests with the preparation of an act in accordance with Appendix "D" "Internal sanitary systems of the building" (updated version of SNiP 3.05.01-85). These tests shall be carried out by spilling water by simultaneously opening 75% of the sanitary appliances connected to the area to be tested. From the test method comes the “household” name of the act - an act on a sewer strait or an act on a sewer strait. However, the name of the act according to the regulatory documentation is as follows - act of testing internal sewage systems and drains
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We figured out the correct name of the act and its purpose. Now let's take a closer look at the form of the act of testing internal sewage systems and drains and the method of filling it out.

First, fill in the name of the system on which the tests were carried out. We take the name of the system from the project documentation. For example, it can be "domestic sewerage K1".

Next, you need to fill in the name of the capital construction object. There is nothing complicated here.Information about the name is taken from the project documentation or building permit. After that, we enter data about the city in which the capital construction object is located and the date of the test.

The block in which data on the commission that conducted the tests is entered includes the following information: the name of the customer organizations, the general contractor, the installation (construction) organization, as well as the positions, initials and names of representatives of these organizations.

In paragraph 1 of the act of testing internal sewage systems and drains, data (name) on the design organization, design documentation code, drawing numbers are entered in accordance with which the installation work was performed.

In paragraph 2, we indicate the number of simultaneously open sanitary appliances and the time during which the tests were carried out. Sanitary appliances include bathtubs, washbasins, shower trays, drains, bidets, toilet bowls, toilet bowls, urinals, sinks, sinks, plums. During the tests, in accordance with at least 75% of the sanitary appliances connected to the tested area must be open at the same time.

Clause 3 of the sewer test report includes data on the defects identified during the tests. If no defects are found, then we put a record that during the inspection during the tests, no leaks were found through the walls of pipelines and joints.

Based on the results of the tests, a decision of the commission is made, which is recorded in the trailer of the act. As a rule, this is a template paragraph, which is only supplemented with data on the name of the tested system.

After completion of the tests, the act of the strait is signed by all members of the commission. Changing the form of the act and deviating from it is not allowed.

The quality of the installed sewerage in a country house and beyond is checked at all levels. First of all, all building codes and requirements must be observed. Then the installation is controlled. And at the end, tests are carried out and an act is drawn up for a sewerage strait, a sample of which can be found on the Internet.