Heating appliances
They include
low-voltage heating electric furnaces
(located under the battery shrouds
heating), electric heaters (located
in the ventilation duct), electric boilers,
electric stoves (in the boiler room).
All heating
devices must be turned on in strict
in accordance with the rules of operation.
It is forbidden to hang rags on them
or a rag to dry. Shouldn't be with them
contact foreign objects.
When using heating
the conductor is forbidden to leave the instruments
railway carriage. In addition, they cannot be included
when the car is powered from the battery, in case of a faulty
generator, as well as when supplying power
to the next car.
Operating rules
With the onset of cold weather, the conductors check the serviceability of the combined heating in the car and its preparation for the winter period, the following types of work are carried out:
boiler equipment is checked for malfunction;
attention is drawn to the position of taps and valves;
in the furnace, the presence of grates and their serviceability are examined;
the operation of pumps and measuring instruments is corrected;
the water in the system is checked. Is it in sufficient quantity, the reserve tank is also inspected for the presence of water;
focuses on solid fuels
In case of shortage, it is necessary about this manual;
inventory for work with solid fuel is viewed;
the technical documentation on the rules for the use of mixed heating of railcars is also being put in order.
The lower part of the boiler of a reserved seat car
For the normal and uninterrupted functioning of mixed heating, for each car, the serviceability of the equipment must be checked, one hundred and ninety-eight heating heads that fit the water pipes.
Before starting the boiler equipment, it is necessary to check the operability of the ventilation system. To do this, you need to look at the position of the valve handle. It is located on the ceiling in the boiler room. When ventilation is started, the position of the knob will be rotated to the word "Open"
Also an important requirement is to look at the fire damper. By the position of the drive handle, you can guess that it is open
High-voltage electrical equipment of passenger cars
High voltage power
passenger electrical equipment
wagons is carried out from the contact
wires, through the pantograph of the locomotive,
jumpers (pinches) high-voltage
highways and high-voltage undercarriages
boxes.
If in contact
network is a direct current voltage
3000 V, then the boilers feed on it directly. If
there is a variable in the contact network
current with a voltage of 25000 V, then in the locomotive
selection transformer is installed
power, which lowers this voltage
up to 3000 V, and the boilers are heated by alternating
current.
High voltage socket
heating
idle socket
high voltage heating
After testing
PEM brakes and driver fit to
the first wagon. tem attaches
jumper of the car to the locomotive using
special heating key.
For connection
lines of individual wagons between
itself into a common highway is necessary
serial connection of all
wagons to the locomotive. For connection
highways pin one wagon
plugged into the socket of another car, and
inserted into the socket of the first car
pin of the second car. Meanwhile, between
every two wagons form two
inter-car high-voltage connections.
After that the key
heating is transferred to the driver.
Further switching on of heating
carried out from the cab of the locomotive.
Design
boiler and heater.
Combined boiler
heating has the following design.
Boiler water jacket completed
somewhat broadened, and in it vertically
posted 24| high voltage heating
elements that are mounted on
flange ring. heating flange
element is attached to the ring with
two studs with nuts and petal
washers. Above the boiler furnace are placed
three insulators, to which in pipelines
three wires connected
heating elements.
High voltage
heating elements are protected
casing. Installed on the protective cover
low-voltage blocking in the form of a terminal
switch, breaking the coil circuit
high voltage contactors
disengaging the bolts and lifting the casing
under high voltage.
With reliable
securing the cover in the lower position
the bolt presses on the shank of the end
circuit breaker, preparing to turn on
high voltage contactors. For
inspection of the elements of the casing is raised
up, after unscrewing the bolts,
and strengthen it on safety
chains.
high voltage
the heating element is made in the form
steel cylinder. Spiral 12 on the floor
ceramic rod 11 at one end
connected with bracket 3, fixed on
insulator 2, and the other - with the reverse
wire 13 passing inside the rod
to terminal 1. Insulation of current-carrying
parts from steel case 8
carried out by a quartz sleeve
(glass) 10, insulator 2 and ceramic
flange 6 with rubber gasket 7.
Flange 6 made together with ceramic
rod 11, attached to the body
heater
bolts 4 with washers
5.
Heat from the spiral
transmitted to water through the surrounding
air, quartz glass, graphite
shell 9, which serves to improve
heat transfer, and heater housing.
The graphite shell also protects
quartz glass from damage.
that
Each heating element is calculated
for a voltage of 500 V. In the boiler, heating elements are assembled
sequentially in subgroups of 6 pieces.2
subgroups are connected into groups in parallel.
Boiler
1
-ash pan
2
- a hatch hatch
3
— Firebox hatch
4
– Expander
5,
6 - Chimney
7
– Outer shirt
8
– High voltage electric heater
9
– grate
10
– Circulation pipes
Most
common type of hot water
wagon boiler is a boiler,
combined with expander 4. Heating
the boiler consists of an outer jacket 7,
inside which there is a fire
box and combustion chamber. at the bottom
parts of the chamber are grate
grates 9 and ash pan 1. In the upper part
the boiler is located above the firebox
chimney 5. Welded into the fire box
circulation pipes to increase
boiler heating surfaces. Space
between the outer jacket and the furnace
camera, fire box and smoke
the pipe is filled with water. Fuel
loaded onto grates
through the firebox hatch 3. air is supplied under
grate through the ash pan hatch.
For water heating
using electricity to water
boiler jacket vertically mounted
24 heating elements that
distributed around the entire perimeter of the boiler,
except for the space above the hatch
solid fuel fireboxes, and fastened
to the boiler furnace flange through gaskets
from paronite. Heating terminals
elements are protected by a casing, which
can be lifted and fixed on
chains welded to expander 4
boiler, if necessary
heating elements installation
and caring for him.
The largest
estimated temperature of the water in the cat
90-95C.
At higher temperatures, the lower
heating pipes are heated up to 70C
and above and deposited on their surface
the dust burns.
-
Frame
-
Pipe
supplying hot water to the heating system -
Bulk
pipe -
casing
-
Cork
Water
heating
water system
heating of all passenger cars
serves to provide the required
the temperature regime of the car, regardless
from the outside air temperature. At
outdoor air temperature - 40 °C
Inside the car she
must be at least +18 °C
when heating with solid fuel and in
within +20 °C
with electric heating.
Upper temperature limit for heating
solid fuel is not regulated,
however, efforts must be made to
it did not exceed 22-23 °C
, since in combination with the relative
air humidity 30-60 °C
, air speed in the area of the head of the sleeper
passenger about 0.25 m/s,
dust content no more than 1 mg/m3
this
temperature creates the most comfortable
conditions of the passenger's stay in the carriage.
water system
heating of any passenger car
consists of a hot water boiler with an upper
and bottom piping with ribbed
heat exchangers (radiators) for
heating of the carriage premises and heater
(water or electric) with
fan for heating the incoming
into the outside air car.
hot water boiler
can be heated either with solid fuel
(coal) or electricity
thanks to located inside the boiler
electric heating elements.
When used to heat water
only solid fuel, heating system
called water, if the boiler can
operate on both solid fuel and
on electricity, the system is called
combined, although coolant
it contains water. Both with water and
combined heating on the go
wagon route to ensure
required temperature.
