Fecal sewerage Fecal sewerage

Why is it worth contacting the company Ecology 24

• Affordable price for cleaning fecal sewers in Moscow;
• We work according to proven technologies and use special equipment (washing and sludge suction machines, fecal pumps);
• We clean the drainage systems.

How we are working?

Which of the four methods of cleaning the fecal sewer we use depends on the blockage, the material of the pipes. In case of severe clogging, we clean the pipes in succession by several methods.

1. Hydrodynamic method: sewage flushing with the help of a special machine. Its electric drive supplies water under high pressure (≈ 200 atmospheres) to the pipeline. In addition, there are nozzles on the hose, so the water flows move so reactively that they clean fecal formations and other blockages from the walls of the main pipe. With periodic cleaning of the sewer by the hydrodynamic method, emergency situations can be avoided, and the period of its trouble-free service is noticeably increased. The use of the hydrodynamic method does not destroy the pipe material. In addition, the method does not harm the environment, since chemical reagents are not used;
2. Chemical method: cleaning the fecal sewage using chemical reagents: surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, chemically active substances. The method is often used in conjunction with hydrodynamic flushing of the pipeline. After using the reagents, we flush the pipes. This eliminates the destruction of the pipeline and sealing elements by chemicals.
3. Mechanical sewer cleaning. To do this, we use special equipment - pneumatic, root cutting or drilling. The design of the cleaning nozzles does not damage the inner surface of the pipes. Thanks to the flexible shaft, all the turns of the fecal sewer pipes are cleaned.
4. Thermal cleaning method. This is a combined method in which sewer cleaning is carried out using jets of water heated to +120 ° C.

Cleaning the fecal sewer restores the operation of the drain system and eliminates blockages in hard-to-reach areas of the sewer system. The system of drains is completely cleared and wear of pipes of sewer systems of country houses and technological pipelines of the industrial enterprises is prevented. And with competent prevention of blockages, the sewer system will work smoothly.

There are three ways to order a fecal sewer cleaning:

• Call +7-499-130-5562
• Send a letter to the mail indicated on the site
• Leave an online application on the site.

We will clean the fecal sewer within 2 hours, taking into account ALL the features of the pipeline!

Story

Paris sewer

The earliest structures that acted as sewers were found in the cities of the Indus civilization: in Mohenjo-Daro, which arose around 2598 BC. e., almost the first public toilets known to archaeologists, as well as the city sewerage system, were discovered.

Sewer structures have also been found in ancient Babylon, the second oldest.

In ancient Rome, a grandiose sewage engineering project - the Great Cloaca - was created under the fifth king of Ancient Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus.

In ancient China, sewers existed in several cities, for example, in Linzi.

Types of sewer systems used used in the arrangement of a country house or cottage

Most often, in summer cottages and cottage villages there is no centralized sewer system, which leads to the need to organize.

There are several types of such sewer systems:

• The cheapest, but also the least convenient option to use is cesspool
  ;
• Dry closets
  do not require installation work, but are forced to regularly purchase various materials used for waste processing, after which there is also the problem of their disposal;
• septic tank
  is a fairly popular device, because, without requiring frequent waste disposal, it cleans drains by about 75%. In addition, it is enough to clean the septic tank itself once every 1-2 years;
• Filters
  and devices in which, with the help of biological material, deep sewage treatment is carried out. The high quality of cleaning is balanced by the high cost of these devices.

When equipping an autonomous sewage system, the method of transporting wastewater is also important: whether they will move by gravity or with the help of pumps.

Household network K1

The entire sewer complex of a residential building is called a household-fecal, or household, is designated in the design, regulatory literature as K1 sewerage.

This network unites sanitary appliances-receivers, such as bathtubs, sinks, sinks, toilet bowls, bidets, etc., used for sanitary and hygienic purposes. Receiving devices are used, such as funnels, trays, ladders, sewer pipes connecting them.

An obligatory part of sanitary receivers is a hydraulic shutter. It is a U-shaped siphon half filled with water. This simple trick creates a water barrier that keeps gases out of the room. Toilet bowls, ladders are structurally made with shutters, they are attached to the rest of the devices after the drain holes.

Plumbing fixtures-receivers are connected to the outlets through which household stocks enter the sewer network.

Sewerage scheme K1

The pipeline part includes horizontal sections laid with a slope. They flow into risers - vertical sections that combine drains, bring them to the collector. The connection of various sections is made with the help of fittings that provide a change in the direction of pipelines and their deviation.

The collector is a pipeline laid horizontally with a large slope, connecting the sewerage system of the building with the complex of the settlement.

Ventilation pipes are an essential part of the plumbing system. They run vertically and are connected to a drainage system. The organization of ventilation helps to stabilize the pressure in the sewer system. When designing drainage in small areas, drainage ventilation is provided by air draft, which is a consequence of the heating of risers by the internal heat of the premises.

For the installation of a household drainage network, different types of pipe products can be used, the use of which is regulated by SNiP. In the case of waste disposal by gravity, cast-iron, asbestos-cement, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastic, glass pipes are recommended.

When implementing pressure discharge, cast iron, reinforced concrete, plastic or asbestos-cement pipes can be used. For the ventilation part, in addition to cast iron, SNiP allows the use of asbestos-cement pipes, and polypropylene, and PVC pipes.

As taps from appliances, except for the toilet, use pieces Ø 50 mm. Toilet outlets are Ø 110 mm. The dimensions of the elements of the entire network are determined by the calculation carried out during the design of the sewer system.

Sewerage K1 has its own outlet, which is organized at an angle of 90⁰ to the outer walls, deepening to a level slightly higher than the base of the foundation. If there is a basement, the release is performed above the basement floor.

The sewerage of the building is connected to the utility. In the case of a country cottage, it is possible to organize a shambo sewage system, when waste is discharged into a receiving pit on the site and periodically pumped out and taken out. In this case, you should organize a car access to the drain pit.

Compliance with all standards and high-quality installation of domestic wastewater is a guarantee of reliable operation of the entire wastewater disposal unit.

Wastewater classification and sewerage systems

A necessary form of purification of populated areas from sewage is sewage. Its task is to remove water, liquid waste generated as a result of household activities of the population of cities in settlements and the work of industrial enterprises. Together with surface waters (irrigation, atmospheric, ground) that appeared on the surface of urban and rural areas, liquid waste is a polluted liquid and is called wastewater. They contain chemical, biological and organic components. They must be removed, cleaned, disinfected and sent to the nearest water bodies. For this, the sewer system and drains are used.

Wastewater is divided into the following categories:

• * household or household - from houses, industrial buildings, formed as a result of human activity. Contain organic, mineral, bacterial pollution;
• * production - from industrial enterprises, formed as a result of technological processes. Contain organic, mineral, toxic pollution;
• * atmospheric - from the territories of the city, roofs of houses, rainwater, melt water. Contain mineral, chemical pollution.

Wastewater systems depend on the composition of wastewater. The degree of pollution is characterized by the amount of pollution per unit volume. The concentration of pollution depends on the rate of water consumption in the settlement, the nature of the production of the place of collection of sedimentary water, their quantity. The wastewater sewerage system provides for the reception, transportation, cleaning, disinfection, and utilization of useful substances for discharge into a reservoir. There are two types of sewerage: export and floating.

Export sewerage is based on the export of individual volumes of liquid to aeration fields.

Floating sewerage consists of a system of underground pipelines and devices that transport wastewater to treatment facilities. This system is most common in large cities. For its device, it is necessary to have an internal water supply with a consumption rate of at least 60 l / day per person

The floating sewage system consists of internal devices, external networks, pumping stations, treatment facilities and wastewater discharge devices.

Floating sewerage, depending on how the issue of wastewater disposal is resolved, is divided into storm, fecal (household), all-floating, separate (complete, incomplete), semi-separate and combined.

Alloy sewerage carries out the removal of one system of pipelines of storm sewage, which comes after rain from urban areas through rain inlets, and household wastewater coming from residential buildings and industrial buildings. With separate sewage, two independent sewage disposal systems are used: storm sewer (drainage) and household fecal. Wastewater from industrial enterprises is discharged by a separate system for cleaning them from specific contaminants. Currently, a separate sewerage system is most applicable.

Industrial treatment and disposal of wastewater K3

Sewerage K3, used to remove industrial waste, is called production. Unlike household, it also contains the necessary treatment facilities. All process effluents can be divided into two groups: slightly polluted, which do not require treatment, and contaminated, which cannot be discharged into water bodies without prior treatment.

Sewerage scheme k3

Since technological waste can have various inclusions, due to the type of production, they may contain salts of heavy metals, phenols, toxic substances, etc.The presence of such inclusions determines the use of a different structure of engineering communications. Such a structure may consist of:

• Plumbing receivers for drains.
• Branch structures of industrial buildings.
• Treatment facilities.
• Transfer pumping unit.
• Release to the utility network.

Particular attention in the organization of this type of wastewater disposal is given to treatment facilities. Depending on the degree, type of pollution, whole blocks, individual elements can be used

Wastewater treatment is regulated by regulatory technical documents.

Checking drains for the content of harmful substances and determining the permissible concentration is regulated by the requirements of GOST.

The sewerage system is a complex set of engineering equipment, including, in addition to plumbing fixtures, powerful pumping units and modern cleaning devices. Properly arranged water supply and sewage disposal improve the ecological situation of settlements.

Not only sewage from industrial enterprises, but even household sewage from an ordinary country house should be thoroughly cleaned. Wastewater from even such a small facility can seriously harm the environment if not properly treated before being discharged into open water or the ground. Not so long ago, cesspools were built to collect sewage from a private house or cottage. But recently they are practically not used due to non-compliance with sanitary standards. Now, wastewater is collected in special facilities, where, after careful processing, it is cleaned by 95-99% and can be freely discharged into water bodies or soil. In our article, we will look at how household sewage is treated.

To begin with, it is worth understanding the composition and features of domestic sewage wastewater. This is the name of the water that was used in households. needs or production. In addition, runoff includes atmospheric water that is collected from the surface of the earth.

For the correct selection of cleaning technology households. and industrial wastewater need to know the nature of the pollution. So, there are three types of wastewater pollution:

1. Mineral contaminants
   . This includes all inorganic impurities, such as soil particles, salts of various origins, as well as various inorganic chemical elements and compounds. Such pollutants can be present both in household wastewater and in wastewater from industrial enterprises.
2. organic contaminants
   present in large numbers in households. stocks. This includes complex elements of animal and plant origin. Also, this group of pollutants includes various chemical and polymeric organic compounds. As for domestic sewage wastewater, 80-90 percent of them consist of impurities of organic origin. As part of the household wastewater, such pollutants are present in the form of fecal matter, food residues, cleanings from vegetables and fruits.
3. Biological contaminants
   - These are various microorganisms that live in wastewater and feed on the elements contained in wastewater. So, bacteria, fungi, viruses live in sewage in large numbers, there are helminth eggs and other protozoa.

Literature

• Sewerage // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). — SPb., 1890—1907.
• Sewerage //: / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. — M. : Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Water Dictionary. - M., 1974
• SNiP 2.04.01-85* - Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings;
• SNiP 2.04.02-84 - Water supply. External networks and facilities;
• SNiP 2.04.03-85 - Sewerage. External networks and facilities;
• STO 02494733 5.2-01-2006 - Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings;
• S. V. Yakovlev, Yu. M.Laskov. Sewerage (drainage and wastewater treatment). 7th ed. — M.: Stroyizdat, 1987.
• G. S. Safarov, V. F. Veklich, A. P. Medved, I. D. Yudovsky New technology in housing and communal services - Kiev: Budivelnik, 1988. - 128, p. : il; 17 cm. - Bibliography: p. 124-129 (68 titles). - 3000 copies. — ISBN 5-7705-0097-2

Gravity sewer systems

The most popular with the independent organization of sewer systems is gravity sewerage, in which drains, under the influence of gravity, move into the sump through pipes laid at a certain slope.

The advantages of such a sewage system are its low cost, ease of maintenance and independence from external energy sources, and the only negative is that the sump must be located at a limited distance from the drains.

Owners of houses connected to a centralized sewer do not need to independently maintain sewer systems, but they should pay bills for the use of sewers in a modern way, otherwise they may face such a problem as disconnecting sewers to non-payers.

When creating an autonomous sewer system, everything is much more complicated.

The first step is to decide on the type of sewage system, correctly weighing all the pros and cons of various systems.

So, for example, when choosing the type of autonomous sewage, many prefer a cheaper and easier to equip a cesspool, rejecting the option of arranging a modern system with wastewater treatment as expensive and difficult to install, while not taking into account that the service life of the cesspool is noticeably less.

The construction of a system with a sewage treatment plant requires at the initial stage certain costs for the hydraulic calculation of the sewer network, materials for installing the system, wages for specialists in the installation of the sewer system, but there are much fewer troubles during the operation phase.

The undoubted advantages of modern sewer systems over the same cesspools should also include the absence of an unpleasant odor and a negative impact on the environmental installation,

In addition, simpler sewer systems require more financial investment in maintenance and repair.

Only for the removal of waste from the cesspool, it will be necessary to call the vacuum trucks at least twice a month, while a conventional septic tank requires only an annual cleaning of the chambers, and plants that carry out complete biological wastewater treatment require even lower maintenance costs, since only the replacement of the filter membrane is required once every 2-3 years.

All this allows modern sewer systems during the operation phase to recoup the costs of installation due to low maintenance costs.

Before you start building a country house, cottage or cottage, you should study in detail the various types of sewage in order to have an idea of ​​​​their advantages and disadvantages, and then choose the most suitable option, taking into account all sorts of factors, from the area in which the construction is being carried out, ending with the amount , which can be spent on the arrangement of sewers.

Internal
sewer network (Fig. 10.1) includes
waste collection devices
liquids installed in apartments
(baths, washbasins, toilet bowls, sinks),
outlet pipelines, sewer
risers, outlets to external networks,
located in the basement or technical underground.
In industrial type buildings
prefabricated housing construction for
placement of sanitary facilities
use sanitary cabins
separate and combined types
factory made. Developed
layouts of sanitary facilities in them
appliances, plumbing, gas and
ventilation devices.

In
internal system enabled devices
for cleaning networks and sewers. Everything
reception devices in bathrooms and kitchens
equipped with hydraulic locks,
which are called si backgrounds. Siphon
is a curved channel
filled with water to a height of 60 mm,
covering the exit of gases. Branch pipes
from the devices are connected to the risers,
therefore, it is expedient to use all receivers
waste water should be located one below the other,
connecting them to one riser. Diameter
the riser is taken the same throughout
height equal to the maximum diameter
connected outlet pipes. Risers
placed openly against the walls or hidden
in walls, mines. Pipes apply
cast iron, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and
polyethylene (PVP).

On the
risers on the first and last floors, and
also through three floors in height
include cleaning devices
- revisions at a height of 1 m from the floor level.
For cleaning horizontal areas
pipes also install valves
cleaning. Internal sewerage system
gravity with incomplete filling
pipes. The speed of movement of wastewater
pipes must be at least self-cleaning
speed - 0.7 m / s.

By localization, domestic sewage is divided into 2 types

• internal sewerage - includes all plumbing and pipelines installed in the building;
   
• external sewerage - provides drainage from buildings, for which a pipeline, sewer pumping stations, treatment facilities and other devices are used.

Internal sewerage receives wastewater in the places of their formation and diverts them outside the building into the external sewer network.

Domestic wastewater includes water from toilets, showers, baths, kitchens, as well as water from washing rooms. Pollution can be faecal - contaminated with organic waste and household - contaminated with household chemicals.

External sewerage is designed to transport wastewater outside settlements or enterprises to treatment facilities. There, wastewater is neutralized and purified to the levels established by regulatory documents, after which the water is released into the reservoir without violating its natural state.

The sludge resulting from wastewater treatment is disposed of or used in the national economy, for example in the manufacture of building materials, road surfaces or fertilizers for agriculture.

In a separate row is domestic sewage, arranged in places with no centralized sewerage system or the lack of the ability to connect to one. As a rule, this is suburban construction or an old, non-canalized fund in cities. The following types of household sewerage are used here.

1. Cesspool or drain pit - the simplest structure, which is a pit, the walls of which are made of brick, stone or reinforced with concrete. Probably the only advantage of this type is its cheapness. The main disadvantages of cesspools are: a fetid odor, which is especially felt when drains are removed from the pit, as well as the penetration of potentially dangerous bacteria from wastewater into the environment and pollution of groundwater. The accumulated waste is removed using sewage equipment.

2. Storage tank - a plastic, fiberglass, iron or concrete tank connected to the building's sewer system. It receives polluted effluents, which are then pumped out by special machines. Unlike a cesspool, this drive is completely sealed and does not harm the environment.

3. Septic tank - a closed sump, consisting, as a rule, of three communicating sections.In each of them, wastewater is purified from various wastes: in the first - suspended particles, the second - organic waste. The third section is made leaky in order to remove purified water by infiltration through the ground. The precipitate is also removed by special equipment or manually.

4. Deep cleaning station (local treatment facilities) - a complex system where water is purified not only mechanically (filtration) and physical laws (separation of heavy and light pollution fractions), but also with the help of special microorganisms, for which a favorable environment is created . It is, without a doubt, the best option for autonomous sewage on the site, but it requires significant financial costs. Therefore, this type of domestic sewage is used to service several buildings or even an entire settlement.

For the quality functioning of any type of domestic sewage, periodic cleaning of its elements is required: pipes and valves, pumps and tanks, checking automated control systems, replacing filter materials, etc. In order to prevent emergencies and save material resources, it is necessary to carry out regular preventive work - the only effective method of maintaining the working condition of the household sewer.

Titan LLC offers a full range of services for the maintenance of sewer systems. Prices for the services offered can be found in our basic price list.

Evaluate a Coated Gutter

System
internal drain is designed
for removal of precipitation
piping network through the building
storm sewer (urban
drain). The internal drain is
from drainage funnels, pipelines,
releases, devices for cleaning and
network inspection through revisions.

Drainage
funnels are installed in lowered
roofing sites, one or two per section
residential building, in tray roofing
panels. The number of funnels on the roofs of others
buildings are calculated from the condition that
250 ... 500 m2 of roof area
one funnel. To funnels provide
minimum slope 0.025 due to
constructive solution or screed from
cement-sand mortar.

Risers
internal drain mounted from
cast iron non-pressure pipes in buildings
up to three stories high, made of cast iron
pressure pipes - in buildings over three
floors. Gutter risers can be
also made of steel, asbestos-cement
and plastic pipes with appropriate
justification. Minimum pipe diameter
drain is 50 mm. They are being laid
hidden along building structures
or open.

Life is impossible without water. Water supply complexes of settlements and individual buildings can be called life support methods. And drainage is an integral part of them.

All plumbing fixtures and pipes that are used to remove human waste, recycled water, form an internal sewage system. According to the network is limited by the walls of buildings, exits to the first manhole. Usually, wastewater is discharged by gravity, but, if necessary, pumps are used for pumping.

Sewerage of buildings includes the following types:

• Household - K1.
• Industrial - K3.
• Stormwater (includes drains from the roofs of houses) - K2.
• United - K1 + K3.

Storm sewer K2

To remove rainwater, storm water disposal is arranged - K2. It represents a plumbing system of funnels, gutters, pipes, filters for cleaning wastewater from sand. Most often, open-type structures are used. Drainage is carried out using openly laid gutters or channels.

Sewerage scheme K2

They transport water flows to the underground part of the complex. For drainage, PVC pipes are used, including corrugated pipes with a smooth inner surface, asbestos-cement pipes.

Properly arranged and designed in accordance with technical regulations, the K2 sewer will protect the building from subsidence and cracking of the walls. Upon completion of installation, the system must be tested by a licensed organization.