Construction and placement of the control pit
Do-it-yourself control holes must be waterproofed. A budget option is to use greasy clay mixed with processed used oil.
Modern options:
- polymer membranes are the most reliable and expensive materials, one-sided and multilayer;
- piercing - such a waterproofing pit is often used at a gas station, it is suitable for work;
- bitumen in rolls - easy to fit and cheap material: rubemaster, roofing material, eruroberoid, special lubricants.
Immediately before concreting the ground, it is necessary to prepare the foundation:
- pour your hands on the bottom of the trench with a layer of gravel 10 cm thick, mix thoroughly and level it;
- fall asleep 5 cm of dry sand;
- make waterproofing - you can use grease and put a film of polyethylene on top;
- we produce 4-5 mm reinforcing bars and steel mesh with a mesh size of 150 × 150 mm.
After that, concreting is carried out.
After the soil has fully cured, another layer of waterproofing must be installed, and the end (after laying and closing the walls) must be completed.
If you plan to make walls of concrete or brick, you can do it yourself or order a special frame to prevent dangerous drilling in the cave:
- The built-in part (3D frame) is welded from steel channels or corners;
- we make anchors (“hair”) from reinforcement along the circumference of the frame 50 cm long;
- frame ditch at garage floor level;
- Anchor anchor (you can bend if the part is not fully engaged in height).
This "clip" will further strengthen the corners of the walls.
If the concrete is poured, the part will be installed in the formwork. After do-it-yourself waterproofing, the walls are reinforced with a net-netting. For concrete, we make a panel and place it at a distance of 3 cm from the wall. In this case, we guarantee the location of the tool niche and the cylindrical one for the lamps.
Their ceiling is reinforced with reinforcing rods with a diameter of 8-10 mm. After concreting 1 week is interrupted. Then, with our own hands, the floors were inhabited, and after two weeks we removed the lining.
Only low-voltage portable and stationary lamps may be used in accordance with safety standards for cave lighting. Typically, 36V lamps with a built-in transformer are used to reduce the 220/36V voltage.
You can also use fixtures or brackets with 12v and 24v bulbs connected to down transformers or a battery.
The cave cover is assembled from panels (it can be assembled). This will protect the car owner and fall, and the body of the car from moisture condensation in the inspection cave.
How to calculate the volume of a waste pit
The depth of the cesspool is one of the main questions that confronts a person when he thinks about the placement of a sewage pit.
A professional will tell you that you need to calculate half a cubic meter per person, but there are other conditions that are important to consider when considering the size of a drain pit in a private house
Pay attention to the surrounding soil: clay, and other similar layers of earth, tend to absorb and saturate. This means that in a year or two the filtration of liquids may decrease, and then the pit will begin to be actively filled with waste
Therefore, always take dimensions with a margin of at least a quarter of a cubic meter in order to delay the call of a sewage truck. There are also special formulas for which you can calculate the required volume of the cesspool, however, you can do without complex mathematical machinations.
The simplest septic tanks
Instead of a drain pit on a plot with a residential building, it is better to install a septic tank.A simple two-chamber design will reduce the frequency of waste pumping up to 5 times during the year, and more advanced systems allow cleaning every 3 to 5 years. With a small amount of residual waste, the cesspool-septic tank is much smaller in size, while choosing a place for installation is easier.
Two-chamber septic tank - an alternative to a standard pit
The principle of waste disposal: the sewage drain is discharged into the primary sump for mechanical separation of waste. Active bacteria process organics, and clarified and purified by 65 - 70% of the water are discharged into the filter well.
Advantages:
Full autonomy: drainage pumps are used for cleaning, there is no need to call for sewage equipment.
Installation of systems is allowed in residential areas.
No bad smell, compact structure and easy maintenance.
Ease of calculating the volume of an autonomous cesspool for a house.
Planning the installation of a drain pit important points
After choosing the type of construction, proceed to the design. The calculation of the cesspool is the correct definition:
- volume.
- Depths and locations.
- The size and shape of the structure.
To calculate a cesspool sealed pit in a private house, a simple formula is used:
V = k x D x Nnormal, where:
V is the internal volume of the container;
k is the number of people living in the house;
D is the number of days between cleaning procedures (on average from 15 days to 30 days);
Nnormal - the rate of water use per person (standard - 200 liters per day).
Ready-made calculation of a sealed pit
An example of determining the internal volume of a cesspool tank for a family of 4: the average daily water consumption is up to 800 liters. To this amount, you must add the expense for each unit of household appliances. If the house has 1 washing machine, add another 200 liters. The maximum daily volume will be 1000 liters - in fact, a cubic meter. Under the condition of pumping out every two weeks, the internal volume of the pit should be at least 15 cubic meters.
It is advisable to choose structures with a margin of up to 20 - 40% of the planned volume: the amount of waste may increase seasonally. The work schedule of the sewers should also be taken into account - if the equipment does not arrive on time, then you will have to block the sewer drain in order to prevent sewage from overflowing into the site.
Dimensions and layout of the pit without a bottom of the rings
The calculation of cesspool filter pits is carried out taking into account the removal of liquid waste into the soil through the backfill. Before deciding on the construction of a filter tank, you should learn about the composition of the soil and its ability to absorb moisture. In complex, oversaturated rocks, the installation of a filter well can cause a problem: the liquid will not be absorbed through the filter into the soil, but, on the contrary, groundwater will flood the container.
The calculation of the volume and dimensions is performed according to the standard formula, but pumping out under favorable conditions will have to be carried out less often - once every 2 months. The obtained value is corrected for the water uptake rate coefficient.
Ready calculation of tanks for a septic tank
It is easier to calculate the size and volume of a septic tank for a private house instead of a classic cesspool. If the design is two-chamber, then the maximum volume should be in the receiving compartment. When using an aerobic filter (bacteria that decompose organic compounds in a fatty film without oxygen), the sump must contain 3 daily volumes of waste waste. It is during this time that the cleaning takes place. The volume is increased taking into account the fact that it is necessary to make an overflow in the upper part, through which the pre-treated effluents enter the filtration compartment.
To determine the optimal size of a cesspool for a private house, it is necessary to choose a form that will allow you to deepen the capacity of the planned volume into the ground so that the basic installation rules are followed:
Scheme of a simple pit for a country toilet
- The liquid in the receiver must be below the freezing point of the soil: in fact, at a depth of more than 80 cm.
- The point of the highest water table must be below the base of the tank, otherwise the drain waste will flood the site regularly.
- The maximum depth for a sealed pit is 3 m. From a greater depth, vacuum trucks will not be able to pump out liquid.
With independent arrangement, receivers of a rectangular or cylindrical shape are chosen: it is easier to calculate the dimensions. What size should be a cesspool with a sealed bottom, can be determined by the formula:
Determining the dimensions of receiving containers
After calculating the size and volume of the cesspool, they proceed to the most important stage of planning - the choice of a site for installation. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are strict regulations regarding the placement of sewer receivers near residential buildings.
http://vodosnabjenie.baltcomfort.ru/images/articles/voprosy-i-otvety-po-avtonomnym-sistemam-kanalizatsii/voprosy-i-otvety-po-avtonomnym-sistemam-kanalizatsii-7.png Rules for choosing a site for a pit
Installation rules:
The distance from the walls is at least 5 m, from the fence - 3 m.
At least 10 m from a river or 30 m from a natural reservoir.
To the water intake (well or well) - at least 30 m.
The distance to the border of the neighboring plot is from 3 m.
Types of cesspools
There are 3 types of cesspools: a sealed drain pit, a filter well and the simplest two-chamber septic tank. The volume of waste and the frequency of pumping out different cesspools are fundamentally different - a slight change in the design makes it possible to increase the interval between cleanings up to several months.
Drain hole: pumping out the tank
A standard cesspool can be installed on a site with a residential building only if it is completely sealed and there are no complaints from neighbors. If installed incorrectly, the drain tank can become a source of persistent odor and there are restrictions on the installation location.
The design of a sealed drain receiver
Principle of operation: all waste from the house enters a closed sealed container dug into the ground. The tank must be cleaned regularly. The pumping frequency depends on the internal volume of the sump and the filling rate. To extract the waste, sewers are called.
The volume of the cesspool sealed pit is calculated so that the need to extract waste occurs no more than 1 time in 2 weeks, optimally
- once a month. Dependence on the schedule of the sewage service is the main disadvantage of arranging a drain tank. The only advantage is tightness, no risk of contamination of the water intake and groundwater.
Cesspools are more compact in size - without a bottom, with a dense backfill gravel cushion. Waste disposal mechanism: Drainage from the domestic sewer enters the filter well. Dense masses settle to the bottom, and liquid masses through crushed stone, which acts as a mechanical filter, seep into the ground.
The principle of operation of the filter well
The disadvantage is the low degree of wastewater treatment. Liquid entering the ground can cause water pollution in a well or well if the location for the filter pit is not chosen correctly. It is forbidden to use such a design as a permanent sewerage of a country house.
The filter tank is equipped exclusively in cases where chemicals and household detergents do not enter the sewer drain: in summer cottages with seasonal residence to dispose of the drain from the toilet.
Advantages of filter receivers:
Smaller volume, in comparison with the volume of a sealed cesspool for a private house.
The frequency of calling vacuum trucks is once every 1-2 months.
What are the walls of the cesspool built from?
Consider the materials used for autonomous sewage.
Concrete
According to the standard, heavy concrete is used to fill the drain pit with the following characteristics:
- density - 2200 kg / m3;
- compressive strength - class B15;
- frost resistance - F50 (at least 50 freeze-thaw cycles);
- moisture resistance - at least W6.
To give concrete the necessary properties, including resistance to aggressive environments, additives and plasticizers are added to its composition. For primary anti-corrosion protection, the surface is treated with water-repellent mixtures.
Of lightweight concretes, only expanded clay concrete has the required density. Aerated concrete is cellular and is not suitable for structures buried in the ground.
Pit bottom concreting
When using monolithic concrete, formwork from a board or flat slate is installed in the pit. If the pit is airtight, the bottom is first poured and reinforced with steel mesh. Then make the walls and ceiling.
masonry material
Monolithic structures are difficult to install, but tight. They are built if you need to make the pit impenetrable. If the cesspool is without a bottom, then masonry material can be used. Usually it is clay brick.
Some use silicate, but its strength decreases from constant humidity. To avoid this, the masonry is plastered on both sides.
The erection of the walls of a brick septic tank in pictures:
| Steps, photo | A comment |
Digging a pit |
The pit is dug strictly according to the size of the container, so as not to waste time and effort on backfilling. |
Masonry support device |
For reliable support, a concrete tape 20 cm high is poured.
After the formwork has been installed, its internal cavity can be filled with stones and brick fragments, and wire can be laid. |
fill |
Then the bottom is poured with sand-cement mortar. |
Beginning of masonry |
In the warm season, after a couple of days, you can start laying. |
Penetrating hole device |
In this case, the soil is clayey and does not pass water well, so a permeable bottom and walls were made near the pit. |
Building a wall to its full height |
In order not to weaken the masonry, rows with holes alternate with two or three solid ones. |
Drainer |
During masonry, a drain pipe is inserted. |
Floor joists |
The masonry is brought to the required height. Lags are laid across. |
Flooring |
A flooring of boards is laid on top, which will serve as a formwork for overlapping. Openings are left for the ventilation pipe and the hatch for pumping out. |
Monolithic overlap |
The flooring is covered with an impermeable material, a steel mesh is laid and poured. |
With a size of 2x2 m and with the same depth, the volume of the pit will be 8 m2. The construction will take approximately 0.5 tons of crushed stone and sand and 600 bricks of one and a half format. Brick is most often used second-hand.
Inspection pit dimensions for servicing large vehicles
The construction of the pit, which is supposed to be used for servicing trucks, implies slightly different dimensions.
The distance between the wheels of cars in this category differs significantly from model to model. This greatly complicates the design of the structure. There are two calculation options.
The first involves taking the indicators of your own vehicles as a "reference" value and subtracting 300-400 millimeters from it. If the calculations are incorrect, it will be difficult to get to the desired nodes. The second option implies that the pit is equipped with a universal one, averaging the parameters, that is, they are made with a width of 1000 mm, which allows you to inspect a car with both a base of 120 and a base of 80 cm.
Cesspool dimensions
The cesspool can have various sizes, which depend on many factors, the main ones are:
- The number of people living in the house;
- The type of soil in the area where the cesspool will be built.
So, for example, from the calculations that at least 180 liters of water are consumed per person per day (the figure is highly averaged), it turns out that a family of three people needs a cesspool of 18 cubic meters.
Of course, these calculations are approximate, since many of the sites have an outdoor shower and a remote toilet. In this case, the amount of wastewater is greatly reduced
All this is important to consider when calculating the size of the cesspool.
Cesspool with their own hands
Be that as it may, the depth of the drain pit is not recommended to be more than three meters.In addition, you should definitely retreat from residential buildings a sufficient distance, at least 10 meters. If a drain pit without a bottom is built, then the distance to the Abyssinian wells and other sources of water should be more in total, but not less than thirty meters.
The simplest version of a cesspool is just a design without a bottom (so that the drains go into the ground) with lined walls, bricks or cinder blocks. At the same time, voids must be provided between the laid material, through which water could safely leave the drain pit.
Unfortunately, the service life of the cesspool is “not eternal” and already, as a rule, after 5-7 years it becomes heavily silted and then the drains in it will have to be pumped out 1-2 times a year. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately provide a hatch for these purposes and a fan valve on top of it.
As expected, the construction of a cesspool begins with earthworks. First, the pit itself breaks out, after which its walls are more or less aligned, before laying the brick. At the bottom of the pit along the perimeter, a small cinder block base should be provided, on which the material will then lie down.
Any brick for a cesspool can be used, including BU. As mentioned above, its masonry is made in a checkerboard pattern with small gaps so that water leaves through the walls of the drain pit.
Upon completion of the masonry, a concrete or wooden base is constructed on top with an inspection hatch and a fan valve. On this, the construction of a cesspool with their own hands is completed. As an option for a drain pit in a suburban area, there is a country toilet made of boards, which also requires a minimum of investment in its construction.
Useful tips.
It is worth taking care of the cable in advance for arranging sockets.
For equipment and tools, it is convenient to provide niches in the wall or a large pocket. To close the viewing hole, it is convenient to use shields knocked down from boards.
In order to prevent mold from starting in the pit, it is worth taking care of treating the walls and shields with an antiseptic solution.
UP⇑
When deciding to build a viewing hole for a car, you must be guided by some rules. First of all, consider all its advantages, and features of the device. If such a pit is built in the garage, this will lead to an increase in humidity. With a close location of groundwater, at a depth of 2.5 meters, the pit will be constantly flooded, and no materials will prevent this action. Such factors must be taken into account when constructing a structure of this type.
