Symbols of pipeline elements

Drawing features

When designing an axonometric diagram, pay attention to the following points:

1. Plumbing and other appliances connected to the risers and distribution network are reflected only when the necessary diagrams are not in the attached documentation.
2. The zero mark (ground floor level) is shown on the risers by drawing a thin horizontal line. In the case of detailing the project, each of the nodes of the drawing is considered separately, reflecting it on an enlarged scale.
3. If necessary, symbols for shut-off and control valves, watering taps and other system elements are added to the sketches of diagrams and drawings of water supply networks and sewerage.

Scheme of two-pipe radiator heating of the premises of a one-story house or apartment

Heating system class - Economy Plus
Manual temperature control in rooms.
Beam two-pipe wiring.
Two or more branches of heating.
Bottom connection of radiators

Advantages of the heating system:

Ease of installation and configuration.
Aesthetic view of the premises due to the absence of visible pipelines.
The system is hydraulically stable.

Disadvantages of the heating system:

Only manual temperature control in the rooms.
The pump is not overload protected.
Pipe consumption is higher than with horizontal and vertical wiring.
The need for laying pipelines in a screed and a corrugated casing or insulation.

Operating conditions of the heating system:

Pressure in the heating system - up to 2.5 bar
The temperature of the heating system is up to 90°С.
Temperature delta (difference between supply and return temperatures) 20°C.
The area of ​​the heated room is up to 250m2.
The power of the heating system is up to 30 kW.

The length of the supply pipeline from the collector to the last radiator is no more than 30 m.

Specification of main materials and equipment:

1A. Metal-plastic pipe d = 16 × 2 (footage depending on the technical need. Subject to the use of pipes made of other materials - polypropylene d = 20mm, copper d = 15mm) - no more than 60m per radiator.
1B. Metal-plastic pipe d = 26 × 3 - (footage depending on the technical need. Subject to the use of pipes made of other materials - polypropylene d = 32mm, copper d = 22mm) - in place.
2. Ball valve 1″-1.
3. Direct flow valve 1″-1.
4. Membrane tank for heating, 24 liters-1.
5. Circulation pump with a set of nuts - Wilo Star RS 25/6 (or another manufacturer with a head of 6 m) -1.
6. Check valve 1″-1.
7. Security group up to 50kw 1″-1.
8. Collector with cut-off valves (comb) 1″xl/2″ - according to the number of outlets (heating branches).
9. Collector with control valves (comb) l "xl / 2" - according to the number of outputs (heating branches).
10.Drainage tap 1/2″-2.
11. Automatic air vent 1/2″-1.
12. Manifold tee 1′x 1/2″x Z/8″-2.
13. Distribution cabinet-1.
14. Connector for a pipe 16 × 2.0 (or other diameter - depending on the pipes used) - by the number of outlets.
15. Shut-off valve for mounting an air vent 1/2″-1.
16. Adapter 1/2 ″ (BP) x3 / 8 ″ (HP) -2.
17. A pair of brackets for collectors - a set.
18. Corrugated casing HDPE 16(25) - in place.
19. Manual air vent 1/2″ - in place (depending on the number of radiators).
20. Heating radiators - depending on the needs of the room.
21. Knot of the lower connection of the radiator - in place (depending on the number of radiators).
22. Connecting pipe - in place.
23. Radiator plug 1″-in place (depending on the number of radiators).
24. Manual air vent 1/2″ - in place (depending on the number of radiators).
25. Radiator fitting 1″ x 1/2″ - (depending on the number of radiators).
26. Connector 16 (2.0) (or other diameter - depending on the pipes used) - in place.

Scheme of radiator heating of a two-story house

business concept

It is already clear that the business is to provide plumbing services. Clients are ordinary people. The range of plumbing services can be different:

• installation of hot and cold water supply units;
• installation of plumbing fixtures;
• installation of a sewerage and heating system;
• connection of household appliances.

The client only needs to make a call and agree on the time of arrival of the master. You, as a representative of the company, need to take the order and organize the departure.

At the initial stage, you should not expose huge bills for services, this will scare away a potential client. In addition, you can earn more due to the availability and promptness of the provision of plumbing assistance. Thanks to this, you will gain the trust of the client, who in turn will make you “free advertising”.

Step by step start instructions

List of steps to take to start your own business.

Step 1 - Registration.

Choose one of the types of ownership forms:

Name	Description
Individual entrepreneurship (IP)	Suitable if the main clients of the services provided are individuals.
Limited Liability Company (LLC)	With this form, you will be able to provide plumbing services to both individuals and legal entities.

Choice of taxation. Here the situation is more complicated. If you have opened an individual business and provide services to individuals, then you need to select the UTII tax. If services are also provided to legal entities, then it is required to additionally issue a USN tax of 6%. In the case of an LLC, everything is much simpler. In addition to taxation of the STS type of 6%, you do not need to open anything else.

Providing employees with tools. It is mandatory to purchase the following equipment for masters:

• gas keys: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3;
• adjustable wrenches: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3;
• pliers;
• perforator;
• soldering iron for soldering plastic pipes;
• Bulgarian;
• scissors for cutting plastic pipes.

Advertising of the services provided. An equally important factor is the correct approach to advertising a business. It can be placed in newspapers, the Internet, a TV newspaper. In addition, put up ads around the city or in elevators.

How to reflect all communication elements in the drawing

In order to cope with this task, you will need a program for creating graphic drawings, sketches and diagrams. You can open any of the arsenal of building programs enhanced with this feature, or one you are familiar with.

Before developing axonometry, prepare a plan of a building, apartment or other room with communication networks.

Drawing everything is not so difficult, especially if you have experience with engineering programs. The sketch reflects all the pipes shown on the plan of the house. They are transferred to the electronic version of the axonometric diagram and reflected at an angle of 45 degrees.

Important! This rule does not apply to horizontal sections. Lines are left unchanged.

Financial calculations

Perhaps one of the main points in a business plan is financial calculations. As a rule, not a single business can be opened without a miscalculation of financial investments and possible profits.

Start-up capital

registration	1 000 rub.
Tools	25 000 rub.
Advertising services	20 000 rub.
Branded overalls	20 000 rub.
Total:	46 000 rub.

How much can you earn

Profit depends on the number of orders. If we talk about the average income of one plumber, then it is about 200,000 rubles per month. Thus, the net profit from one master can be up to 100,000-130,000 rubles.

What is required for implementation

First, decide if you will have your own office. Having your own workspace will be a plus for the business, but will require additional expenses. If the initial capital is small, then it is better not to think about it yet.

It is important to find a specialist who will provide plumbing services. Even better if there are several masters

Thus, they will be able to fulfill several orders at the same time, multiplying your profits. It should be understood that high-class masters work only with the appropriate level of payment.

It is necessary to fully provide the master with the necessary tools, as well as, if possible, branded overalls. The client is pleased to see the master, who is neatly dressed and comes with “full equipment”.

Also, at the initial stages, you will need the services of advertising agencies. They will be able to design branded flyers and posters. Advertising should be concise and describe all the advantages of the company's services compared to competitors. It can be a high-quality and cheap service, a large number of craftsmen. Advertising at the initial stages is best placed in newspapers and the Internet, where the cost is low.

What data is entered on the drawing

The introduction of the following indicators describing the water supply system is mandatory when constructing an axonometric diagram. Such information includes:

1. The designation of the risers (usually the area of ​​​​the leader line).
2. The floor level of each of the floors of the room, the boundary of the horizontal branch (at the axes of the pipeline), the height of the points of water intake (marks along the risers).
3. Diameters of system elements.
4. Slope angles of pipelines (indicating the slope index).
5. Dimensions (length) of each of the independent sections of the pipeline, which include risers and horizontal branches in millimeters.
6. Coordinating dimensions (minor information).
7. Designation of nodes in order to detail the drawing.

In addition to a number of basic data, accompanying documentation is attached to the diagrams, including a specification for materials and equipment.