Connecting a borehole pump with your own hands

How to install a surface pump in a well

The instruction indicates that surface pumps can be installed in a well if its depth is up to 20 meters. In this case, water is supplied to the points of analysis directly from the well. The scheme for connecting a surface pump to a well includes the following equipment:

A centrifugal pump that lifts water and delivers it to the house.
The hydraulic accumulator softens the water hammer. It consists of two parts separated by a membrane.
The electric motor is connected to the pump and pressure switch.
The pressure switch controls its level in the system. With a strong drop in pressure, the relay starts the motor, with an excess, it turns off.
The manometer is used to determine the value and regulate the pressure.
Water intake system with check valve.
The main line connects the pump and the water intake.

Scheme of installation of a surface pump for a well

When installing a surface pump or station, you need to follow some rules that will ensure the correct operation of the equipment:

Stable suction of water provides a close location to the well.
The room must be ventilated, warm and dry.
The location should not be cramped. During operation, preventive and repair work will be required.
The room must absorb the noise emitted by the pumping equipment.

Suitable places for installation may be:

The room is inside the house, but with poor sound insulation, this will be a big disadvantage of the installation.
Basement. In the absence of heating and insulation of floors and walls, additional funds must be spent on their preparation.
Special well. But here it is difficult to maintain the desired level of pressure and repair work is difficult.
Caisson. The basic rule is the correct depth of the special installation site.

Tip: For the installation of a pumping station for a well, it is best to arrange a separate room.

Features of installing a borehole pump

Tip: The installation of the device should be carried out below the water level in the well, but more than one meter from the “well supply” hole. In this case, the pump will be safe from penetration of soil or sand particles into it and the possibility of overheating.

To install the pump in the well you will need:

Plastic pipe. The element is lowered into the well along with the device, and during operation, water will rise along it.
Rope for insurance.
Motor connection cable.

Tip: Before installing the borehole pump, you must thoroughly clean the installation site: pump out water from the well until the sand and silt completely disappear. To protect the pump from water hammer, a check valve must be installed on the equipment.

It is possible to install a borehole pump only by checking and adjusting the pressure that has been established in the pressure tank. Its value should be 0.9 part of the switch-on pressure. Constantly pumped water cools the engine, which protects it from overheating, and therefore premature failure. Regardless of the type of equipment selected, during the installation of a borehole pump, it is required to check the point of operation under different modes. For this you need:

Measure the calculated value of the water supply flow by measuring the filling rate of the volume.
Take the pressure reading.
Determine what current consumption.

Moreover, even if one indicator is higher than the factory data, it will be necessary to close the valve, this will create additional resistance and will contribute to the correct establishment of the operating point.

Well pump wiring diagram

Relay selection

When choosing a hydro relay, it is guided by its range in the water supply system, the standard value is 1.5 - 3 bar. When connected using a pressure gauge, it is adjusted with adjusting screws. They do the same with the dry-running relay, setting it to turn off the power when the pressure in the line is less than 1.5 bar. If a private house has a high number of floors, then to supply water with the required pressure to the upper floors, the relay is additionally adjusted by raising the upper and lower thresholds.

For example, if the height of the rise to the upper floors is 5 meters (1 bar corresponds to 10 meters of vertical water column), then 0.5 bar is added to the upper and lower limits of the response, and as a result, a response range of 2 to 3.5 bar is obtained. . The brand chosen for water supply at home must have an appropriate pressure range according to the passport.

Rice. 8 Pump units with floats and electrolytic sensors

Types and depths of wells

The depth of immersion of the pump into the well depends to a large extent on its parameters; when drilling, three main types are distinguished: Abyssinian, on sand, and artesian.

Abyssinian well

Abyssinka is the most affordable option from a financial point of view, its depth rarely exceeds 10 meters, the fence is carried out from the first aquifer (top water). Abyssinian drilling is often done by hand with homemade drills, usually its channel pipe has a small diameter of 1.5 - 3 inches and is designed for water intake with a surface electric or manual mechanical pump.

Pipes lowered into the Abyssinian are equipped with a filter at the end in the form of a needle; due to its light weight, it is located directly in the aquifer, without sinking to the sandy, muddy bottom - thanks to this, the water in the Abyssinian does not have sandy and clay impurities. Although the Abyssinian spring has fairly clean water, the well is rarely used to provide a permanent water supply to a residential building - its flow rate is too small.

Well in the sand

If water-bearing formations are not found at a shallow depth on the site, a sand well is drilled until water is found, the depth of which lies in the range from 15 to 60 m with an average of about 30 meters. This type is most common in individual water supply; when drilling, a column of plastic or steel pipes with a diameter of 100–160 mm is lowered into the mine, which, due to its high weight, rests on the bottom of the aquifer.

A perforated water filter is installed at the end of the column to purify water from sand and clay particles, but in many cases this is not enough and additional elements are installed in the pipeline that filter water (sand, coarse and fine filters).

The use of pumping equipment for intake must necessarily take into account this factor (a large number of sand particles), so modifications are usually chosen to work with contaminated water. A sand well, unlike the Abyssinian, has a higher flow rate and, most importantly, is suitable for water supply to an individual residential building, although its service life is short (depending on the size of the sand fractions) and averages about 5 years.

Rice. 2 Types of wells for installing a submersible pump

Artesian well

When searching for sources of artesian water, drilling is carried out to an aquifer with a calcareous bottom, while the depth of the borehole channel during domestic drilling can reach up to 200 m, and in industrial sources, a threshold of 300 m or more is considered normal. During installation, the casing with a special filter for large particles abuts against a solid lime bottom, which is free of clay and sand. Thanks to this, water from great depths is crystal clear and the only drawback is a high iron content.The deeper the aquifer is, the more pressure is exerted on it by the layers of the earth located above - as a result, artesian sources have the highest flow rate and a constant static level.

Galleries

Connecting a borehole pump with your own hands

WINTER OPTION WITH INSTALLATION OF METAL CASSON

A caisson is an underground metal structure (chamber) located directly above the well, welded tightly to the casing, and performs several functions:

Protects the wellhead from flooding and flood water pollution.
Protects the system from freezing and makes it possible to operate the well all year round, and not only in the warm season.
It makes it possible to place equipment (accumulator tank, control unit and cable and pipe wiring) directly above the well, in the absence of a special room in the house.
Provides convenient access to the equipment for its revision, repair or service.

When arranging a turnkey well, the caisson neck cover is at least 5 centimeters above the ground.

During the winter arrangement of the well, the neck of the caisson is additionally insulated.

When arranging a turnkey well, all water-lifting equipment is installed in the caisson.

WINTER OPTION WITH DOWNHOLE ADAPTER INSTALLATION

The cost of arranging a well for water according to the "winter option" can be reduced by refusing to install a caisson, "replacing" it with a borehole adapter, which is installed on the casing and allows you to bring the water pipe below the freezing level.

However, the downhole adapter has many disadvantages (difficulty of installation on a two-pipe well, difficulty in lifting a pump located at a depth of 60 m, extreme difficulty in installing a pump unit at a depth of more than 60 m, etc.).

An inconvenience is also the need to place a hydraulic storage tank and control automation in the house. After weighing all the pros and cons, the conclusion does not allow us to talk about the advantage of the downhole adapter (except for the price) over the caisson.

The downhole adapter is installed at a depth of 1.8 meters, and the well cover covers the casing.

For well construction without a caisson, a borehole adapter and a borehole cover are used.

To equip a well on a turnkey basis, a high-quality downhole adapter and a cover are required.

SUMMER OPTION FOR IRRIGATION OF A PLOT WITH INSTALLATION OF A WELL HEAD

If you are going to use the well exclusively for summer irrigation, then the option of arranging it will be the least labor-intensive and, accordingly, the cheapest.

After all, you only need to install a pump with a riser pipe and a borehole head.

If desired, you can install compact automation that allows you to control the borehole pump depending on the analysis of water, without using bulky hydroaccumulating tanks.

Summer arrangement of a well for irrigation.	Summer arrangement of a well for water.	Summer construction of wells.
Summer construction of a well without a caisson.	Summer arrangement of wells price.	Turnkey summer well construction.

Prices for the installation of pumping equipment

Below are typical estimates for the installation of pumping equipment (installation of a caisson or downhole adapter, downhole pump and automation) at various pump installation depths: from 20 meters to 100 meters in 10-meter increments.

The cost of installing a borehole pump, caisson and automation includes transportation costs up to 30 kilometers from the Moscow Ring Road.

Well construction price table

Pump installation depth	Arrangement of an artesian well
With caisson	With downhole adapter
rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.	rub.
20 meters	83180	87975	117240	57800	62595	100560
30 meters	88180	93125	120240	62800	67745	103560
40 meters	91080	96025	127713	65700	70645	111033
50 meters	96230	100725	140919	70850	75345	124239
60 meters	102530	107025	150609	77150	81645	133929
70 meters	107230	115425	153859	—	—	—
80 meters	110130	118325	158873	—	—	—
90 meters	—	121225	162123	—	—	—
100 meters	—	124125	165373	—	—	—

Installation of a submersible electric pump for installation in a well

To install a submersible electric pump in a well, work is performed in the following order:

Screws into the outlet of the unit a plastic adapter for connecting the pressure pipe. In the absence of a built-in check valve, install your own, mounting it first at the outlet of the electric pump, then screw the fitting to connect HDPE pipes.
A pipe is attached to the pump and fixed with a plastic cuff, a cable is threaded into the ears of the housing and its ends are connected at the outlet using two special clamps, the free end is screwed to the main cable with electrical tape.
Connects the power cable, cable and pressure hose together with electrical tape or ties in 1 meter increments, while making sure that the power cord is secured without tension.
The electric pump is lowered into the well to a predetermined depth. To do this, measure and cut the pressure pipe of the desired length, insert it into the head, to which the cable is tied.
After diving, you can immediately check the operation of the electric pump without connecting to the pipeline, if the liquid supply corresponds to the passport data, connect the entire water line and then control and regulate the operation of the equipment with automatic devices.

Rice. 8 Preparation of the downhole electric pump for immersion

To connect the borehole pump to the water supply system, devices are used that automate its operation, prevent frequent starting and reduce the load on the line. They can be independently mounted in one module, installed in a residential area or left in a caisson pit with a borehole tip.

Connecting the deep pump to the water supply system

When constructing an individual water supply system, even at the stage of drilling operations, one should know the diameter and material of the pipeline, the depth of the water line, and the operating pressure in the system for which the equipment is designed. When installing and turning on the water supply, the following recommendations are guided:

When using the plumbing system in winter, you will have to take measures to protect it from the cold. Typically, pipes are laid underground and they must come out of the head of the well, so a caisson pit will be needed to install and maintain equipment. To make it more convenient and reduce the depth, the water line is insulated and heated with an electric cable.

Rice. 6 Assembling a pumping station with your own hands - the main stages

When determining the immersion depth of the electric pump, set the dynamic level with the equipment turned on and hang the unit 2 meters below the set mark, the minimum distance to the bottom for deep models is 1 meter.
When using sand wells, it is mandatory to install sand or coarse filters in the water line before the equipment.
Electric pumps change their pumping efficiency when the supply voltage changes, so for stable operation it is better to purchase a voltage stabilizer and connect equipment to it.
For ease of operation and maintenance, a do-it-yourself pumping station is often assembled. A pressure gauge and a pressure switch are mounted on the accumulator using a standard five-inlet fitting, but since there is no branch pipe for attaching a dry-running relay, it will have to be installed on an additional tee.
Often electric pumps have a short power cable, not long enough to connect to the mains. It is extended by soldering, similar to the further insulation of the connection point with a heat shrink sleeve.
The presence of coarse and fine filters in the plumbing system is mandatory. They must be placed before the automation of the control system, otherwise the ingress of sand and dirt will lead to their incorrect operation and breakdowns.

Rice.7 Placement of automatic equipment in the caisson pit

Installing a pump in a well

An important point during the work on the water supply of a country house is the competent installation of the pump in the well. If the equipment is installed correctly, this is a guarantee of its long and trouble-free operation.

Despite the fact that there is nothing complicated in installing a pump in a well, there are also some nuances here that should be taken into account even before work begins.

Important criteria in the selection of water supply equipment

If the water supply equipment was chosen incorrectly, installing a well pump can be a rather difficult task. The parameters that must be considered when choosing pumping equipment include the following:

Dynamic and static level of a water artesian well. You can find this information in the installation passport. If you do not have such data, for example, due to the loss of documents, you should not panic - this information is restored empirically;
To calculate the required volume of water to be provided by the installed equipment, count the number of water consumption points. These include a sink, bathtub, shower, toilet, washing machine and dishwasher, etc.;
The distance between the house and the water shaft.

What is the danger of unskilled installation of the pump in the well

If mistakes were made during the installation of downhole equipment or poor-quality materials were used, this can cause a number of negative consequences. There are frequent cases when work performed by non-professionals leads to breaks in water-lifting products, the impossibility of dismantling if replacement is necessary, as well as premature breakdowns of pumps.

The first two scenarios, when the old equipment cannot be removed from the well, jeopardize the possibility of its subsequent use. Because of this, all work has to be done anew: another well is drilled, a new caisson is installed, since the use of the old one is impractical, and new equipment is installed.

Types of pumps for wells and their functions

Well water pumps can be submerged into narrow wells to great depths or mounted on the surface. The principle of operation of the device and its installation is as follows:

Its main elements are impellers mounted on a single shaft.
Their rotation occurs in diffusers, which ensures the movement of liquid.
After passing the liquid through all the wheels, it exits the device through a special discharge valve.
The movement of the liquid occurs due to pressure drops, which are summed up on all impellers.

There are several types of such equipment:

Centrifugal. Such a pump allows the supply of clean water to be provided without major contaminants.
Screw. This is the most common device, capable of pumping liquid with an admixture of particles per cubic meter no more than 300 grams.
Vortex. Transfers only purified water.

Despite the differences, all types of pumps serve to perform similar functions:

Supply groundwater to private houses and cottages.
Participate in the organization of irrigation systems.
Pump liquid into tanks and containers.
Provide comprehensive water supply in automatic mode.

When choosing a pump for a site, the following criteria are taken into account:

The original dimensions of the equipment. They must be taken into account to ensure certain technological tolerances when placing the pump in the well.
Power source of electricity. Borehole pumps are made single- and three-phase.
Device power. This parameter must be determined in advance based on the calculated pressure and water consumption.
Pump cost.In this case, it is necessary that the price-quality ratio of the equipment is chosen correctly.

Types of household pumps

Pumps for wells are divided into submersible and surface. Such units have some advantages over the rest:

Large water intake depth, which is not available for pumps of any other type.
Ease of installation.
No moving parts.
Low noise level.
Long service life.

The photo shows the types of submersible borehole pumps.

Submersible borehole pumps

Tip: It is very important to follow the competent and proper arrangement of equipment, use only high-quality materials. Violation of installation technology or the use of poor materials can lead to:

Violation of installation technology or the use of poor materials can lead to:

Breakage of the pump.
its premature failure.
When dismantling, the impossibility of lifting the pump.

Recommendations for choosing a pump for a well

Among the various types of pumping equipment used to pump water from a well or well, submersible devices are the most popular. This popularity is explained by a number of advantages of submersible pumps, which include:

no noise during operation;
the ability to ensure uninterrupted water supply from a serviced well;
ease of installation;
the ability to provide water supply from wells of considerable depth;
compact dimensions;
no need for additional cooling of the drive motor;
anti-corrosion properties of the materials from which the body is made.

When choosing such a device, you should pay attention to such parameters as:

the total need for water intake points in water, which the selected pump must provide;
characteristics of the well from which water is to be pumped out (diameter and depth);
geological data of the area where the well was drilled (depth at which groundwater is located, soil type, etc.);
the presence on the site where it is planned to install pumping equipment, a power source.

The main technical characteristics by which the choice of pumping equipment is carried out are:

the performance of the device, which characterizes how much liquid it can pump per unit of time;
head (this parameter, measured in meters of water column, indicates to what height and how far the pump is able to transport liquid through the pipeline system).

This approach when choosing pumping equipment will give you the opportunity to further upgrade your pumping station, if necessary.

Installation of deep-well pumps, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties; it can be performed even without experience in implementing such procedures. When operating submersible pumps, as well as pumping equipment of any other type, one should not forget about their regular maintenance, which will significantly extend the period of their trouble-free use.

How to determine the required source depth

The installation of a borehole pump must be carried out at a certain depth of the water source. When using a well as a source of water supply, the static and dynamic levels of the location of the pumped liquid medium in it are taken into account. Under the static level is understood the distance at which the mirror of water, which is in a calm state, is located from the surface of the earth. At the dynamic level, the water in the well is after it is pumped out.

Dynamics of the water column in the well

Submersible pumping equipment, in order for it to function efficiently and be efficiently cooled by the liquid medium it pumps, should be located in the well at a mark that is at least 30 cm below the dynamic level. If the thickness of the water layer allows, then it would be better if the installation of the deep pump is carried out at a mark located 2–3 m below the dynamic level. It should be borne in mind that the pump installed in the well must be at least 1–2 m from its bottom.

What is well automation

Automatic control systems include electronics (pressure, idle, flow), pressure gauge, hydraulic accumulator or modules in which these elements are combined - all of which are responsible for the optimal functioning of the water main.

In the water supply line, automation performs the following role:

Controls the electric pump, turning it off as the line fills up. In high-tech systems, instead of turning off, the adjustment of its speed of rotation of the electric motor is used.
Protects the water main from water hammer and helps to create some water reserve in case of equipment breakdown or power outage.
Includes protection devices for the pump, which interrupt the flow of electricity to it in the event of a lack of water in the source.

Rice. 2 An example of a well water intake device

Recommendations for placing the pump and choosing its position

When calculating how deep to immerse the pump in the well and the location of the pump in the well, it is useful to observe the following recommendations:

The electric pump should not come into contact with the walls of the column, so it is suspended strictly in the center of the head.
When the electric pump is lowered into the well on the sand below the dynamic level, it is better to make the distance from the water surface a little more than the recommended one, for example, 5 meters. This will help to avoid the unpleasant consequences of the situation when the source becomes silted during operation, its flow rate and, accordingly, the dynamic threshold decrease. In order to lower the electric pump deeper in the future, it will be necessary to lengthen or change the water pipe and cable cut to the head - this will lead to unjustified financial costs.
If, according to the parameters of the well, the electric pump has to be located in the near-bottom area, it is better to use screw types - they cope better with pumping contaminated water, and replacing their simple parts is cheaper.

Rice. 9 Running the pump into the well

When placing an electric pump in a well, it is desirable to apply such characteristics as dynamic and static level. Lowering the pumping equipment just below the dynamic mark contributes to less load on the body and the working mechanism of the unit, the intake of cleaner water from the source, saves materials and simplifies maintenance.