Installation of autonomous heating in the apartment

What is an autonomous heating system

The transition to individual heating involves the abandonment of the use of the general house heat supply system and the dismantling of the radiators and pipes related to it. Instead, new pipes and batteries are installed, which are connected to the heater. In apartments, two types of heating installations are usually used - gas and electric boilers. The principle of operation of the boiler is simple: it heats the water and makes it circulate through the system, heating the room in the desired mode.

Boiler types

All boilers can also be divided into two types:

• single-circuit - working exclusively for heating;
• double-circuit - additionally providing hot water supply.

Depending on the installation method, heating boilers are wall-mounted and floor-mounted. The former are more popular because of their compactness and lower price. Floor boilers have more power and a longer service life.

Electric boilers

Installations powered by electricity are distinguished by an affordable price and a high level of safety. An electric boiler can be installed anywhere in the apartment. Unfortunately, such a boiler is not suitable for a house with old wiring due to the risk of constantly knocking out traffic jams.

gas boilers

Gas boilers are more expensive, but they last a long time and quickly pay off during operation, since they use a cheaper energy source. The gas-fired boiler has a special chamber for fuel combustion and a smoke exhaust system to avoid any inconvenience to the inhabitants of the apartment.

The choice of a boiler depends on many conditions, including the size of the apartment, so its choice must be approached very responsibly.

Tip: it is believed that to heat a standard room with a ceiling of three meters in height, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is 10 m2, you need 1 kW of heating boiler power. To calculate the required power of the heating boiler, divide the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire room by 10.

Year-round space heating with gas heating in the apartment

Living in an apartment, many people face problems such as "freezing in the winter." Therefore, gas heating in the apartment is gaining more and more popularity. After connecting your private unit, you become a completely independent person. Now you will no longer have to freeze and wait for the utility companies to connect the gas - now you decide when to turn on the boiler in the apartment and when not.

Rice. 1 Gas individual heating system in the apartment

But, unfortunately, not everything is as simple as it might seem at first glance. Connecting individual heating requires considerable preparation. Many argue about this. Someone says that it is impossible to install a gas individual boiler in apartment buildings, while someone, on the contrary, advocates connection. As they say, how many people - so many opinions.

Thanks to individual heating, you will no longer need to put on a huge amount of warm clothes in order to keep warm. All this will remain in the past, because you will discover the heating season in the apartment for yourself. If you managed to get permission to install individual heating, then you will understand that winter is a wonderful time of the year.

Project development and installation work

Installation of a new system begins with the dismantling of the old heating equipment

It is necessary to plan a private heating system for an apartment, taking into account its area and planning features.

The project must be done taking into account the following restrictions:

• transfer of the riser;
• removal of heaters to the balcony;
• demolition of the partition between the kitchen and the living room;
• bathroom relocation.

When planning a strapping scheme, the choice is made from the following options:

• radiators - cast iron, steel, bimetallic;
• pipes - plastic, brass, steel;
• method - one-pipe or two-pipe;
• circulation - natural or forced;
• wiring - top or bottom;
• connection - vertical or horizontal;
• interchange scheme - with dead-end highways or through passages.

It is recommended to pour distilled water into the system to avoid scale formation.

The construction of an individual heating system is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Dismantling of old communications. It is not advisable to use them further, it is better to install new and more effective ones. First, the batteries are disconnected, then the piping, last of all, the pipes at the riser. The holes are welded tightly or a branch pipe with a thread for a plug is attached to them. In some cases, a part of the riser with bends is cut off and a new fragment is welded in its place.
2. The boiler is being installed. If necessary, a stable base is made for it next to the outer wall. Then the product is aligned vertically.
3. Radiators are installed. For their fastening, strong and reliable hooks with dowels or anchor products are used if the work is carried out in a brick building.
4. The binding is being laid. Branches are stretched throughout the premises. It is advisable to use reinforced polypropylene pipes, which have better characteristics compared to analogues. Assembly is carried out with a special soldering iron.
5. Ball valves are installed in front of the batteries, after which they are connected to the supply and return.
6. The tightness of the assembled circuit is checked. For this, a compressor with a pressure gauge or soap suds is used.
7. The boiler is connected through a meter to the gas main. A shut-off valve is installed on the nozzle.
8. The circuit is filled with water. Air is vented through Mayevsky's taps.

Boiler selection

The most economical option is a solid fuel stove with a heat accumulator

In order to efficiently heat the room, it is necessary to choose the right source of energy. It is desirable that the supply of fuel to the boiler is constant.

The simplest solution is to install a solid fuel stove that runs on coal or wood. For the arrangement of such a structure, there is no need to obtain a permit. In addition, there is no need to connect to the water supply. The closed circuit is filled once, and then water is added in small portions as it evaporates from the expansion tank. The disadvantage of this option is the regular cleaning of the chimney and the rapid burnout of the fuel. The way out of the situation is to buy a long-burning stove. At one gas station, a good hearth works up to 12 hours. You should constantly monitor the availability of coal and firewood, regularly replenishing their supply.

Electric boilers are compact and clean heating process. The incoming energy is unlimited, you just need to pay the bills on time. In case of a power outage, you can buy a small generator that has a place on the balcony or in the pantry. The downside is that electricity is expensive, the heating season will cost a round sum. Therefore, such systems are in most cases installed in non-gasified high-rise buildings.

Gas boilers are the most suitable choice for creating an individual heating system. The products are characterized by reliability, small size and high performance. The devices are completely safe thanks to automation, which turns off the gas supply when its pressure drops to a certain level. The downside is that you need to drill a hole in the wall to bring the chimney to the street. This negatively affects the strength of the supporting structures and the aesthetics of the facade.

How to install a gas boiler for heating in an apartment

It’s not worth talking much about the principle of operation of a gas boiler, since everything is clear there anyway. Water enters the heat exchanger, then it heats up to the required temperature, and then it is distributed through the heating system.

What you need to have or do before installing individual heating:

• In order to carry out gas heating in an apartment, you must first obtain all permission for this (in the gas service).
• Select, calculate and then purchase the necessary equipment for individual space heating.
• The room or room where the boiler will be located must be prepared accordingly. You can make the appropriate repairs, punch a hole on the coaxial pipe if there is no chimney, etc.
• Thanks to the gas heating system in the apartment, you will no longer depend on a centralized gas main.
• It is also necessary to think about the ventilation of the room, as this guarantees the safety of using the unit by all family members.

Of course, it will not be possible to quickly install an individual heating system, since the collection of documents according to the list will take a lot of time.

Rice. 4 Autonomous heating in the apartment

Below are the conditions under which you can install gas heating in apartments:

• A gas individual boiler in an apartment can be installed in rooms larger than 4 m², but in no case less.
• There should also be more natural light in the room where the individual heating system will be located, that is, the presence of a window (with a window that will open for ventilation) is mandatory.
• A pipeline with cold water must be.
• For individual gas heating, a chimney is needed. If there is no such thing in a high-rise building, then you can install a coaxial pipe that passes through the wall.
• During operation of the gas unit, ventilation must also work well.

If you follow all these simple rules, then the installation of individual heating in the apartment will take place quickly and without any problems. You can install an individual system yourself, but still it’s not worth it - it’s better to contact a specialist.

Autonomous heating in the apartment

Flaws

• It is necessary to take your heating system more seriously, monitor the health of the equipment, and periodically clean the chimney. After all, if the boiler fails, the owner will be left alone with the problem. And if it is -40°C outside the window, and besides, it is night, at best, they will come to you only the next day. Therefore, before installing individual gas heating in an apartment, it is worth weighing all the pros and cons.
• Combustion products must be removed to the street.
• High cost of equipment and installation.
• A gas burner in powerful operating modes “eats” oxygen in the apartment. To replenish oxygen, it is necessary to constantly keep some kind of window open.
• The consent of the other tenants of the house must be obtained.
• The heating system is completely dependent on gas supply.

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• Gas fireplace for a country house and a summer residence
• Outdoor temperature sensor for gas boiler

Heating scheme

In centralized heating systems use single-pipe a scheme that is inferior in its efficiency to a two-pipe one. A single pipe system can only be used for a small number of radiators in a situation where savings are needed.

The best choice for individual heating is a two-pipe scheme. It has many advantages:

• use of pipes and fittings of smaller diameter;
• high pressure stability in the system;
• the possibility of using automatic flow regulators on all batteries that will work without prejudice to the heating of other radiators;
• independent connection of each radiator, allowing it to be removed for maintenance or gaining access to a niche during repairs.

Features of heating a city apartment

Installation of heating systems

In an apartment building, it is difficult to equip separate chimneys and ensure a normal level of air intake to create effective draft and improve gas combustion.

Therefore, heating an apartment with a parapet-type gas boiler is the most convenient and acceptable option. This device differs from conventional products in that its operation does not require the construction of a separate and bulky chimney.

1. To supply oxygen, which is necessary for the combustion of fuel, there is a horizontal type chimney with an additional pipe built inside. Such a product is called a coaxial chimney.
2. Air enters through an external pipe, and the removal of combustion products is carried out through the inside of this device.
3. The coaxial product is installed horizontally through the outer wall of the room.
4. As a heat exchanger in such devices, as a rule, copper pipes are used, which have a high level of thermal conductivity and rapid heating. The coefficient of performance (COP) of parapet gas boilers is at least 90%.

What are boilers for individual heating

There are many types of heating units that can be installed in apartments:

• Single boiler. Such a device is only suitable for space heating. If you also need to heat water for family use, then this unit will not work. Of course, it can be installed, but in addition you will also have to purchase a boiler for heating water, and this, in turn, is fraught with unnecessary costs.
• Double boiler. Such a heating unit is the most popular, because thanks to it you can also use hot water around the clock. The dimensions of such boilers are quite compact, so they can be installed even in a small kitchen.

If you choose from these two options, then, of course, the second option will be the best. An individual boiler in the apartments is installed on the walls, so the usable area in the kitchen is saved. Many modern high-rise buildings do not have chimneys. But this is not a reason to give up your dream - installing a gas unit. After all, there is another great way, thanks to which combustion products are removed to the outside. This is the installation of a coaxial pipe, or it is also called a coaxial chimney.

Gas boilers can have an open combustion chamber or a closed one. For an open chamber, a chimney is a prerequisite for installing gas heating in apartments. If an individual heating unit has a closed combustion chamber, then a coaxial pipe can be installed to output combustion products, which simultaneously supplies oxygen to the combustion chamber and removes unnecessary substances through another hole.

Rice. 2 Gas heating in the apartment

What are good boilers with a closed combustion chamber:

• Such units for individual heating are safer to use for others, as they prevent combustion products from entering the room.
• They are easy to operate and have a much longer service life.

Also, many gas heating units only work when there is electricity. Therefore, if you live in an area where electricity often disappears, then you need to get an additional power source. After all, how do you not want to freeze in severe frosts.

general information

You should prepare for the fact that the heat supply organization will be against the installation of autonomous heating, because. practically throughout Russia, it is forbidden to disconnect a single apartment from the central heating supply and switch it to an autonomous one (exception if the transition is carried out by the whole house). There are quite understandable reasons for this, such as:

• An installed individual boiler can unbalance the entire heating system of an apartment building, which will “suffer” neighboring apartments;
• The hydraulics of the system will be broken;
• Often, to install autonomous heating in a single apartment, it is necessary to increase the diameter of the supply gas pipes, because. otherwise, the pressure in the system may drop, which in turn will lead to malfunctions of gas stoves;
• There is no guarantee that the apartment owner will comply with all necessary security requirements;

Also, before installation, you should pay attention to the presence of a chimney system in the house, which is mainly present in old houses. Unfortunately, in modern homes, ventilation is provided only in the bathroom, toilet and kitchen.

Important! It should be remembered that if you managed to install independent heating, you must periodically clean the chimney, which is clogged with soot, which negatively affects the efficiency of the gas boiler

Gas wall-mounted boiler Bosch Gaz 4000W. ZWA24-2A23 S5700

Where to get the necessary documents

Collecting documents can take a lot of time and effort, because you will have to contact many services and organizations.

1. For permission to turn off the apartment from the general house heating, go to the city heating network. You can get a refusal only in one case - if the dismantling of the radiators will lead to a malfunction of the equipment in neighboring apartments.
2. Technical specifications for the installation of gas equipment are given by the gas service. To receive them, you need to go to the district housing office, from where a letter with a request should be sent to the service.
3. The design organization is in charge of the refurbishment plan. This plan should contain all information about the future system, technical solutions and calculations.
4. The finished redevelopment project requires coordination with the authorities from which you received the technical specifications, as well as with the fire service and SES authorities.

Characteristics of an autonomous heating system

AO allows you to adjust the temperature and choose the fuel, which significantly reduces heating costs

A massive transition to stove gas heating in an apartment building was observed at the end of the last and the beginning of this century. Then this event was banned, as problems began to arise with the central supply. To install a boiler and refuse the services of a management company, you must obtain the decision of the city council, which always stands on the side of large service providers.

From the point of view of the consumer, individual heating in an apartment building has the following advantages:

• The ability to make an independent decision on when to start the heating season. At the same time, adjustment of temperature, on and off time is available. And this can only mean an increase in the level of comfort of living.
• You only pay for the energy you actually use. When using the services of public utilities, you have to pay for heat losses, profits of the organization and other related costs.
• Possibility of independent choice of heating technology and layout of heating elements. Selection of installation options not only according to technical, but also according to aesthetic criteria.
• Minimal and controlled energy consumption with high heat dissipation. Setting the optimal temperature depending on the weather and physiological state.

The main disadvantage of AO is the high cost of initial investment in equipment.

The disadvantages are as follows:

• Dependence on centralized energy supplies. When the gas pressure drops or there is a power failure, the boiler stops.
• High initial investment cost. It is necessary to pay for technical conditions, materials and equipment, the work of craftsmen and subsequent repairs, since installation is accompanied by damage to the finish.
• Regular inspections, checks and adjustments are required. All of this takes time and money.
• The need to purchase and keep in readiness backup heating devices. This is not only additional financial costs, but also the allocation of space for their storage.

Individual heating in the apartment will help to avoid cold evenings in winter

It's no secret that apartment buildings (most of them) are poorly heated in winter, and this leads to the fact that all family members get sick more often. But with individual heating in the apartment, these problems can be avoided. After you connect autonomous heating equipment by competent specialists, you will be able to heat the room at any time of the year.

Rice. 1 Individual heating in the apartment

In an apartment, of course, it will be more difficult to connect gas equipment than in a private house, but there is nothing wrong with that. You just need to prepare for the installation ahead of time - and everything will be fine. Before buying heating equipment, you must first familiarize yourself with those modern units that are the most popular and safe on the market for heating units.

There are many differences in human opinion. Someone says that it is impossible to install individual heating in an apartment, while someone, on the contrary, is for it. In any case, only you yourself will have to weigh the pros and cons. But it is worth noting that after installing heating equipment, you will no longer put on a lot of warm clothes and look like a scarecrow. Now you will be warm and comfortable in your own apartment.

Mounting Features

Installation, adjustment of gas boilers

If you choose from all types of gas devices, then the most acceptable option for an apartment is a double-circuit wall-mounted boiler. With it, you can provide heat in the room and hot water for domestic needs. And placing on the wall will significantly save usable space.

If in private houses it is possible to choose even a separate room for a heating unit, then for a city apartment the most acceptable option is a kitchen, where there is already a gas stove, cold water supply and, as a rule, reliable ventilation. Therefore, installing gas heating in the kitchen is the best solution for a small area of ​​​​a city apartment.

Modern products of the double-circuit type incorporate a circulation pump, the operation of which requires the constant presence of electric current. In the event of an emergency situation with the provision of electricity in country houses, a backup power source is installed in the form of a power plant.

Important! This cannot be allowed in an apartment, so for emergency connection you can use an uninterruptible power supply, like for a computer, only more powerful. It will last for several hours of work until the accident on the electrical networks is eliminated.

For normal operation of the gas boiler, an expansion tank is also required, in which there must always be water for the heating system. Water or another type of coolant expands when heated, and its excess enters this container, and when cooled, it goes back into the system. That is, the principle of operation of the expansion tank is the same as for the car cooling system.

The installation of gas boilers is strictly prohibited in the following cases:

• installation of devices near combustible objects
• in the hallway and bathroom due to high humidity and reduced fresh air supply
• in dormitories
• in the basement and on the balcony
• in the basement, which is located below ground level
• in rooms not equipped with air vents

Regarding the basement - it is allowed to install gas equipment if there is a special permit from the regulatory authorities.

Types of autonomous heating

Autonomous heating scheme in a private house - the heating circuit is connected to the stove

Autonomous heating is a system independent of the utility network that provides heat to the property. This design consists of a heating device, pipes and radiators. The difference lies in the source of energy and the coolant.

Traditional system

Traditional gas heating in an apartment building is a closed water circuit connected to the central water supply. The liquid is heated in the boiler, and circulation is provided due to the temperature difference in different parts of the piping. Such a structure can be called completely autonomous, since its performance depends on the supply of water, electricity and gas to the building. In the absence of one component, the device turns off.

• environmental cleanliness, no harmful emissions;
• silent operation;
• safety achieved by installing high-quality control devices;
• no need for expensive maintenance;
• long service life;
• tangible money savings.

Design flaws:

• expensive and complex installation;
• the apartment needs to be repaired after installation;
• regular checks by inspectors.

Air system

The air in the room is always fresh, as there is a constant intake from the street

The design consists of a heating boiler, a blower and a system of air ducts that run through all rooms. After cooling, warm air passes through the filters, enters the heater and is again supplied to the rooms. An electric coil, gas or water circuit is used as a heater. To keep the air fresh, it is constantly taken from the street.

• effective distribution of heated masses throughout the room;

• economy due to controlled ventilation;

• simplicity and reliability of the design;
• no risk of defrosting;
• the possibility of cleaning and sterilizing the air;
• ease of maintenance.

Design cons:

• dependence on electricity;
• bulky air ducts;
• difficulty with the combination of highways in the interior of the apartment.

Direct electric heating

Electric heating is cheaper than gas

Heating a home with electricity is convenient because you do not need to create complex and cumbersome circuits, be tied to water and gas. It is enough to purchase reliable cables and high-quality equipment. Convectors, fans, oil and infrared heaters, heated floors and heated towel rails are used to heat the premises.

Advantages of using electrical appliances:

• ecological cleanliness;
• noiselessness;

• reliability;

• no need to obtain permission;
• the possibility of mounting with your own hands;
• equipment mobility;
• no need for maintenance;
• use for domestic water heating.

Disadvantages of electrical equipment:

• shutdown when the power supply is interrupted;
• the need to lay a separate line, additional protective and distribution devices;
• high energy consumption, high electricity bills.

How to install a gas boiler in an apartment

The principle of operation of such units is quite simple - water from the heating system passes through the heat exchanger. As a result of the combustion of blue fuel, it is heated in a heat exchanger and then distributed through pipes and radiators.

• get a number of permissions from the relevant services
• purchase equipment
• prepare the room
• remake the heating system - cut it off from centralized communications
• equip ventilation and provide for the installation of a chimney

A list of documents that need to be collected will be provided to you at the gas supply organization. Moreover, this is not an easy, troublesome and rather lengthy business.

Installation of a gas boiler in an apartment is carried out by specialized organizations subject to certain rules:

1. The area of ​​​​the room in which the equipment will be located must be at least 4 square meters.
2. Good natural lighting - a window of 0.3 square meters relies on 10 square meters of area. m. A prerequisite is the presence of a window.
3. The width of the front door is at least 80 centimeters.
4. The height of the room is at least 2.5 meters.
5. The presence of a pipeline with cold water.
6. Output from the ground loop.
7. Chimney installation.
8. The presence of a ventilation duct.
9. Smooth and plastered walls.

If the room is equipped in compliance with these simple rules, and there are relevant documents available, then you can proceed with the installation of gas equipment. It is strictly forbidden to carry out the installation on your own, since only employees of a specialized organization should do this.

How to get permission

For permission to equip autonomous heating, you need to contact the district administration, or rather, the interdepartmental commission responsible for the use of the housing stock. Not later than a month and a half later, the commission gives an official answer. The administration can take a list of documents that you need to provide in order to obtain a permit.

Approximate list of documents

Since the installation of an individual heating system refers to the refurbishment of a dwelling, the list of documents will include:

• application written in a special form;
• documents establishing your right to own housing: a certificate of state registration, a transfer agreement for ownership, a donation agreement, a document confirming the right of inheritance (original documents or copies certified by a notary);
• certified copies for all owners and a statement signed by all owners (if the apartment is in shared ownership);
• a copy of the registration certificate of the premises;
• the consent of the tenant's family members and all residents of the apartment building, drawn up in the form of a minutes of the meeting of apartment owners (if the apartment is municipal);
• conclusion of the body responsible for the protection of architectural, historical or cultural heritage about the possibility of redevelopment (if the house is a monument of architecture, culture or history).

The most difficult thing will be to prepare and submit technical documentation. It includes:

• redevelopment project during the installation of a gas boiler, including gasification of the premises and changes to the central heating system;
• a copy of the passport for the electric boiler, technical conditions, an agreement confirming the permission of the maximum power that exceeds the power of the boiler (when choosing an electric heating device);
• TU for disconnecting the wiring in the apartment from the common house heating system;
• TU ventilation;
• TU for connecting gas networks.