Determination of standards for the consumption of utilities in residential buildings

What determines the weather in the house

Modern equipment allows, without much human intervention, to maintain the norms of hot water supply to heating radiators. But the figure on the device is one thing, and the real heat in the apartment is completely different. The final result depends on many parameters:

1. The climate of the area where you live. In Moscow, with a drier climate, the cold is felt less than in St. Petersburg with its dampness.
2. thermal conductivity of the building. Houses built of bricks have less thermal conductivity than block houses. As a result, the temperature of the water in the heating radiators can be lower due to less heat loss.
3. The location of the apartment in the house. Corner rooms freeze through more than apartments located in the center of the house. Heat losses in heating radiators will be greater.
4. Decoration Materials. Walls pasted over with heat-saving wallpaper retain heat longer. This reduces heat loss from radiators and central heating batteries.
5. Radiator material. Cast iron batteries give off less heat than steel ones.

Temperature norm in external networks

All these indicators will affect the atmosphere in the house, regardless of the heating temperature standards. It also doesn't matter how hot the radiators or batteries are in the apartment.

Energy carriers

How to calculate energy costs with your own hands, knowing the heat consumption?

It is sufficient to know the calorific value of the respective fuel.

The easiest way to calculate the electricity consumption for heating a house: it is exactly equal to the amount of heat produced by direct heating.

The electric boiler converts all the consumed electricity into heat.

So, the average power of an electric heating boiler in the last case we considered will be 4.33 kilowatts. If the price of a kilowatt-hour of heat is 3.6 rubles, then we will spend 4.33 * 3.6 = 15.6 rubles per hour, 15 * 6 * 24 = 374 rubles per day, and so on.

It is useful for owners of solid fuel boilers to know that the consumption rates for firewood for heating are about 0.4 kg / kWh. The norms of coal consumption for heating are half as much - 0.2 kg / kWh.

Coal has a fairly high calorific value.

Thus, in order to calculate the average hourly consumption of firewood with your own hands with an average heating power of 4.33 kW, it is enough to multiply 4.33 by 0.4: 4.33 * 0.4 = 1.732 kg. The same instruction is valid for other coolants - you just need to get into the reference books.

Heating consumption standard per sq m

hot water supply

1
2
3

1.

Multi-apartment residential buildings equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation with showers and bathtubs

Length 1650-1700 mm
8,12
2,62

Length 1500-1550 mm
8,01
2,56

Length 1200 mm
7,9
2,51

2.

Multi-apartment residential buildings equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation with a shower without baths

7,13
2,13
3. Multi-apartment residential buildings equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation without showers and baths
5,34
1,27

4.

Normative consumption of heating MKD

Next, we will consider what the consumption standard set for heating is and how it is formed.

Based on Rule 354, the quality of heating is assessed taking into account changes in the air temperature in the room.

The heat carrier (usually water) is heated to a predetermined temperature and circulates in the heating system.

Heat from the coolant enters the atmosphere, as a rule, thanks to heating radiators.

Standards for the consumption of utilities in Moscow

No. p / p	Name of company	Tariffs including VAT (rubles/cub. m)
cold water	drainage
1	JSC Mosvodokanal	35,40	25,12

Note.Tariffs for cold water and sanitation for the population of the city of Moscow do not include commission fees charged by credit institutions and payment system operators for the services of accepting these payments.

Heating rates per 1 square meter

It should be remembered that you do not need to make a calculation for the entire apartment, because each room has its own heating system and requires an individual approach. In this case, the necessary calculations are made using the formula: C * 100 / P \u003d K, where K is the power of one section of your radiator battery, according to its characteristics; C is the area of ​​the room.

Basic standards for the consumption of thermal energy for heating

In most cases, the wear and tear of urban heating networks is to blame, in which the generated energy is partially released into the air.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yoq13EYaDe4

Be that as it may, heating standards are not observed, therefore consumers have every right to file a corresponding complaint and demand recalculation of tariff plans. The choice of one or another calculation method depends on whether a heat meter is installed in the house and apartment.

In the absence of a common house meter, tariffs are calculated in accordance with the standards, and those, as we have already found out, are determined by local authorities.

This is done through a special decree, which also determines the payment schedule - whether you will pay all year round or only during the heating season.

How much are the standards for the consumption of utilities in Moscow in 2019

No. 41 “On the transition to a new system of payment for housing and utilities and the procedure for providing citizens with housing subsidies”, the indicator for heat supply is valid:

1. heat energy consumption for heating an apartment - 0.016 Gcal/sq. m;
2. water heating - 0.294 Gcal / person.

Residential buildings equipped with sewerage, water supply, baths with hot central water supply:

1. water disposal - 11.68 m³ per 1 person per month;
2. hot water - 4,745.
3. cold water - 6.935;

Housing equipped with sewerage, plumbing, bathtubs with gas heaters:

1. water disposal - 9.86;
2. cold water - 9.86.

Houses with water supply with gas heaters near the baths, sewerage:

1. 9.49 m³ per person per month.
2. 9,49;

Residential buildings of a hotel type, equipped with water supply, hot water supply, gas:

1. cold water - 4.386;
2. hot - 2, 924.
3. water disposal - 7.31;

Utilities Consumption Standards

Payment for electricity, water supply, sewerage and gas is made according to the established norms if an individual metering device is not installed.

1. From July 1 to December 31, 2015 - 1.2.
2. From January 1 to June 30, 2019 - 1.4.
3. From July 1 to December 31, 2019 - 1.5.
4. Since 2019 - 1.6.
5. From January 1 to June 30, 2015 - 1.1.

Thus, if you do not have a collective heat meter installed in your house, and you pay, for example, 1 thousand rubles a month for heating, then from January 1, 2015 the amount will increase to 1,100 rubles, and from 2019 - up to 1600 rubles.

Calculation of heating in an apartment building from 01/01/2019

The calculation methods and examples presented below provide an explanation of the calculation of the amount of payment for heating for residential premises (apartments) located in multi-apartment buildings with centralized systems for supplying heat energy.

How to pay less

Studies have shown that apartments in high-rise buildings unprepared for the heating season lose almost 40% of the heat generated by radiators of central and autonomous networks. This means that the tenants pay for the heating of the atmosphere, but not for the apartments.

To reduce resource leakage and heating fees, it is recommended to fulfill the following conditions:

1. Install a heat meter, preferably common house and individual. This will allow you to keep control over consumption.
2. Metal-plastic windows keep heat in the apartment more reliably than with wooden bindings.But the former must be looked after and, before the start of the heating period, call the master for preventive procedures, fitting frames. This saves up to 20% money and heat.
3. A glazed balcony will also protect you from wasting valuable service. A loggia tightly closed in winter prevents 10% of the heat from escaping into the street.
4. Radiators of a modern type contribute to a greater return of heat energy to a room than old cast-iron batteries, even with the same supply of utilities.
5. The thermostats installed on the new radiators will not allow the owner of the apartment to heat the non-residential area. By blocking a temporarily empty room, you can save some money.
6. The biggest losses occur through the walls and ceiling. If they are isolated, then almost half of the heat received will remain in the room. To do this, use blocks of mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and other materials.

The last resort is the most expensive, but it will have the effect of reducing heating bills and improving the quality of heating.

Each resident can calculate the amount of the contribution in an apartment or a private house. It is only necessary to install collective and individual heat meters. Metering devices will save the received heat energy and avoid the multiplying factor added in the absence of meters. Do not forget about the insulation of your home.

Watch the video: "Free heating course."

Free phone consultation! Moscow and region:; St. Petersburg and region:

How to calculate the consumed thermal energy

If for one reason or another there is no heat meter, then the following formula must be used to calculate the heat energy:

Let's take a look at what these conventions mean.

1. V denotes the amount of hot water consumed, which can be calculated either in cubic meters or in tons.

2. T1 is the temperature indicator of the hottest water (traditionally measured in the usual degrees Celsius). In this case, it is preferable to use exactly the temperature that is observed at a certain operating pressure. By the way, the indicator even has a special name - this is enthalpy. But if the required sensor is not available, then the temperature regime that is extremely close to this enthalpy can be taken as the basis. In most cases, the average is approximately 60-65 degrees.

3. T2 in the above formula also indicates the temperature, but already cold water. Due to the fact that it is rather difficult to get into the cold water main, constant values ​​​​are used as this value, which can change depending on the climatic conditions on the street. So, in winter, when the heating season is in full swing, this figure is 5 degrees, and in summer, with the heating turned off, 15 degrees.

4. As for 1000, this is the standard coefficient used in the formula in order to get the result already in gigacalories. It will be more accurate than if calories were used.

5. Finally, Q is the total amount of thermal energy.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated here, so we move on. If the heating circuit is of a closed type (and this is more convenient from an operational point of view), then the calculations must be made in a slightly different way. The formula that should be used for a building with a closed heating system should already look like this:

Now, respectively, to decryption.

1. V1 denotes the flow rate of the working fluid in the supply pipeline (not only water, but also steam can act as a source of thermal energy, which is typical).

2. V2 is the flow rate of the working fluid in the "return" pipeline.

3. T is an indicator of the temperature of the cold liquid.

4. T1 - water temperature in the supply pipeline.

5. T2 - temperature indicator, which is observed at the outlet.

6. And, finally, Q is all the same amount of thermal energy.

It is also worth noting that the calculation of Gcal for heating in this case is based on several designations:

• thermal energy that entered the system (measured in calories);
• temperature indicator during the removal of the working fluid through the "return" pipeline.

What is Gcal

Let's start with a related definition. A calorie refers to a certain amount of energy that is required to heat one gram of water to one degree Celsius (at atmospheric pressure, of course). And in view of the fact that from the point of view of heating costs, say, at home, one calorie is a miserable amount, in most cases, gigacalories (or Gcal for short), corresponding to one billion calories, are used for calculations. With that decided, let's move on.

The use of this value is regulated by the relevant document of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, issued back in 1995.

Note! On average, the consumption standard in Russia per square meter is 0.0342 Gcal per month. Of course, this figure may vary for different regions, since it all depends on climatic conditions.

So, what is a gigacalorie if we “transform” it into more familiar values ​​for us? See for yourself.

1. One gigacalorie equals approximately 1,162.2 kilowatt-hours.

2. One gigacalorie of energy is enough to heat a thousand tons of water to +1°C.

Computing

It is practically impossible to calculate the exact value of heat loss by an arbitrary building. However, methods of approximate calculations have long been developed, which give fairly accurate average results within the limits of statistics. These calculation schemes are often referred to as aggregated indicator (measurement) calculations.

Along with the thermal power, it often becomes necessary to calculate the daily, hourly, annual consumption of thermal energy or the average power consumption. How to do it? Let's give some examples.

The hourly heat consumption for heating according to enlarged meters is calculated by the formula Qot \u003d q * a * k * (tin-tno) * V, where:

• Qot - the desired value for kilocalories.
• q - specific heating value of the house in kcal / (m3 * C * hour). It is looked up in directories for each type of building.

The specific heating performance is linked to the size, age and type of the building.

• a - ventilation correction factor (usually equal to 1.05 - 1.1).
• k is the correction factor for the climatic zone (0.8 - 2.0 for different climatic zones).
• tvn - internal temperature in the room (+18 - +22 C).
• tno - outdoor temperature.
• V is the volume of the building together with the enclosing structures.

To calculate the approximate annual heat consumption for heating in a building with a specific consumption of 125 kJ / (m2 * C * day) and an area of ​​​​100 m2, located in a climatic zone with a parameter GSOP = 6000, you just need to multiply 125 by 100 (house area ) and by 6000 (degree-days of the heating period). 125*100*6000=75000000 kJ or about 18 gigacalories or 20800 kilowatt-hours.

To convert the annual consumption into the average heat output of heating equipment. it is enough to divide it by the length of the heating season in hours. If it lasts 200 days, the average heating power in the above case will be 20800/200/24=4.33 kW.

Consumption standards

Each subject of the Federation has a body that determines the amount of any energy needed for the needs of the population. Usually they are regional energy commissions. The rate is set every three years and adjusted if necessary.

The following table provides information on the tariffs that exist in different regions of the country:

Table 1.

Region	Tariff (r/Gcal)
Moscow	1747,47
St. Petersburg	1678,72
Murmansk	2364,77
N-Novgorod	1136,98
Novosibirsk	1262,53
Khabarovsk	1639,74
Vladivostok	2149,28
Birobidzhan	2339,74

However, with the beginning of the cold season, the cost of a communal resource will increase by about 100 rubles.