The most economical home heating. 3 implementation options

Heating convectors

Convectors are marketed as open-to-air appliances with heating elements. When air comes into contact with a heat source, it quickly warms up and rises. Cooled air enters the lower part of the room - and rises again, heated by the convector. This is how the natural circulation of hot and cold air masses occurs. Some modifications are equipped with a protective screen that sets a certain direction for the warm air flow. The presence of a special fan allows you to speed up the circulation of air in the room.

Classification of convectors

• Installation - floor, wall (horizontal and vertical), ceiling, recessed;
• Heating principle - heating element and infrared;
• Circulation - natural and forced;

By installation type:

Floor structures win in mobility. The disadvantages include the presence of a power cord, the use of which is inconvenient in a house with a small child

Wall models attract the attention of consumers with a small thickness. This allows you to install under the window and protect the room from the penetration of a cold stream of air masses.

The choice of built-in plinth heaters is justified when equipping large-sized rooms, where the installation of wall-mounted options will not allow heating a large area. The disadvantages include the need to plan the heating system during the construction of the premises, since special niches for the convector should be prepared in the floor, channels for laying the pipeline supplying the hot coolant.

To speed up the heating of large rooms, powerful fans are used. In small rooms, embedded steel units are often used, mounted under the plinth, in the built-in furniture case.

Parameters required for all types of convectors:

• Temperature sensors are electronic, programmable or mechanical thermostats used to set the most comfortable degree of air heating.
• Electronic sensors aimed at the safe use of the convector. All heaters made of aluminium, steel or bimetal are equipped with an overheating sensor; upon reaching the operating temperature of the convector, the power supply is automatically turned off and the circulation of the coolant is prevented. Some models are equipped with a tilt sensor. This allows the heater to stop working in the event of a change in position.
• Screen (air damper) - stationary and mobile options for adjusting the direction of the flow of heated air.

IR heaters

Types of heating devices:

• According to the type of radiation, systems with short, medium and long waves are distinguished.
• According to the installation method, portable and stationary heaters are distinguished.

The field of application of IO is determined by the range of IR radiation and the power of the devices. They can serve for the main and additional heating, local heating indoors and outdoors. Often used for construction work in winter. In individual construction, floor, ceiling and point systems help to heat small rooms

When choosing an IE, it is important to decide whether the heating of the entire room, apartment is required, or whether a local source of thermal energy will be enough to warm up the workplace

Important indicators of heating devices:

• Power from 300 W to 2 kW, for industrial premises - up to 4 kW.
• Wavelengths: up to 2.5 microns - short, up to 50 microns - medium, from 50 microns - long.
• Mains voltage (for household equipment 220 V, power up to 2 kW);
• Protection against moisture (marking IP 24);
• Installation (floor, wall, ceiling);
• Physical parameters (weight, area, thickness, material for body parts).
• A color palette that allows you to highlight the device in the interior or make it invisible.

Description of the boiler brand Evan Warmos IV-7,5220

An economical electric boiler with high efficiency should not be very expensive. This can be said about the model mentioned in the subtitle. You will have to pay only 18,700 rubles for it. The equipment is a boiler for stationary installation and operation in everyday life. The device can be installed in a room with natural ventilation without exposure to precipitation, as well as moisture. Water or non-freezing liquids can act as a heat carrier.

The boiler has an electronic temperature control system and a temperature sensor, which indicates that the equipment can work automatically. Thanks to this, there is an independent choice of power level and ensuring the optimal mode of energy consumption. However, the equipment retains the ability to manually limit power. Such economical electric boilers for 220 volts are designed for heating a house with an area of ​​​​70 m 2. The power is 7.5 kW, and the temperature of the liquid in the circuit reaches 85 ° C. The device weighs only 26 kg, and its dimensions are 595 x 373 x 232 mm.

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The most economical heating boiler

Condensing boilers utilize the potential energy of flue gases, in particular steam

solid fuel. Pellet and wood pyrolysis boilers consume the least wood fuel.

Electricity. As already mentioned, “the most economical electric boiler for heating” is a myth, the efficiency is the same for everyone.

Liquid fuel. The most economical liquid fuel boiler is on used engine oil. The only question is where to find a permanent source of this almost free type of fuel.

Universal oil burners capable of operating on diesel fuel, biofuel, heating oil (petroleum heating oil) and mining

In conclusion, we emphasize that the creation of efficient and comfortable heating requires a professional approach. You can try to do everything with your own hands, but for this you will have to at least learn the basics of heat engineering and hydraulics. If there is no opportunity to devote some of your personal time to these sciences, equipment selection and installation work, we advise you to entrust the design and installation of engineering communications to experienced professionals.

Power calculation

For example, a room with an area of ​​​​20 square meters is considered. and 2.7 m high with one outer wall. For an apartment where the walls are not insulated, there are no double-glazed windows, the estimated need for heat output per 1 cubic meter. consumes 41 watts. In this example, the general parameters of the entire room are: 20x2.7 = 54 cubic meters.Required thermal power range: 54x41 = 2214 watts or 2.2 kW.

Further, it is required to determine the area of ​​the radiating surface of the heater, which provides the specified indicators of thermal power for specific premises. For example, a cast-iron radiator is taken, each section of which is 150 W, at an adjustable liquid temperature of 70 g. The required number of sections in the radiator is determined by dividing the heat output of the room by the power of the 1st section: 2214:150 = 14.7 (number of sections).

To provide warmth and comfort in the room will allow a radiator with a length of 15 sections. But in many apartments and houses, thermal insulation and double-glazed windows are provided. These measures reduce heat loss. It is in insulated rooms that it is advisable to use electric heating as the main source of heat.

For these premises, the calculation of the required thermal power per 1 m3. room requires 30 watts. Then the power for the entire area will be: 54x30 \u003d 1620 W or 1.6 kW. The number of sections in the radiator will be: 1620:150= 10.8. The calculations will use 11 sections.

The efficiency and economy of different heating methods for a radiator with 11 sections is calculated taking into account the area of ​​​​1 battery section of 0.254 square meters. Area of ​​11 sections: 11:0.254= 2.8 sq.m. These are the parameters of the radiating area with a temperature of 70 gr. allowing you to achieve comfortable living conditions. It can be an electric radiator or a panel with specified parameters of thermal radiation.

This is how a simple method for calculating the required thermal power, based on the conditions of the room, is considered. How to calculate the required power of heating appliances? This is served by the efficiency indicated in the characteristics of direct heating devices. Usually it is close to 100%.

What determines the economy

Ideally, a gas heating boiler should first effectively burn the main or liquefied gas, and then direct all the heat received to heat the coolant for the heating system. In reality, not everything is so smooth, and here's why:

1. For efficient combustion of fuel and obtaining the maximum amount of heat, it is necessary to mix gas and air in clear proportions (approximately 1.10). Not every heat generator can do this.
2. During the combustion reaction of methane, carbon dioxide and simple water are released, which immediately evaporates, taking away part of the thermal energy of the burned fuel.
3. The heated combustion products a priori cannot transfer all the energy to the coolant, some of it will still fly out into the chimney. The value of this part depends on the design of the heating unit.

It turns out that one part of the energy contained in the fuel is lost during the combustion stage, and the other part is lost during heat transfer. The smaller these losses, the more rationally the energy of the fuel is used and the more economical the gas boiler for the house. The efficiency of the heater is characterized by its efficiency, indicated in the technical data sheet for the product. The higher this indicator, the more heat the heat generator directs to heat the coolant and consumes natural gas more economically.

The efficiency of modern gas boilers depends on their design and ranges from 85 to 96%. The higher efficiency figures voiced by the sellers of thermal equipment do not correspond to reality.

Single-phase and three-phase electric boilers

The choice of a boiler should be taken responsibly, since you need to take into account all the nuances regarding the electrical service of your home. Power lines are not always able to cope with the load that increases after the installation of the boiler. To avoid such problems, visit the power distribution department to which you belong and specify (or ask for a calculation) the maximum power that they can provide. When calculating the required kilowatts, do not forget about household electrical appliances in your home.

Scheme of the structure of a single-circuit wall-mounted electric boiler: 1 - electrical cabinet; 2 — control lamps; 3 - temperature controller; 4 - thermometer/pressure gauge; 5 - power switches; 6 - main switch; 7 - expansion tank; 8 - cable entry; 9 - safety valve; 10 - pump; 11 - return line of the boiler; 12 - plug connection of the control circuit; 13 - safety temperature limiter; 14 - control system fuse; 15 - air valve; 16 - lining of the boiler with thermal insulation; 17 - water pressure switch; 18 - heating rods; 19 - boiler supply line

The electric boiler is quite simple: it contains a heat exchanger and a control and adjustment unit. There are understaffed models that are equipped with an expansion tank, filter and pump.

For heating private houses, small-capacity electric boilers are used: single-phase and three-phase.

Scheme of cascade connection of an electric boiler

Single phase electric boiler

A single-phase boiler is considered to be powered by a 220 V network. It will not be difficult to connect it, since all houses are equipped with the necessary voltage. The power of the device varies from 6 to 12 kW. It is advisable to use such a boiler for an area not exceeding 100 m². Features of an electric boiler for heating a house (220 V):

• works on the principle of a water heater (boiler, kettle);
• a conventional network (220V) is sufficient for operation;
• no special permission is required to install it.

Electric boiler for use in a private house

Three phase electric boiler

A three-phase boiler is more powerful than a single-phase one and is suitable for installation on an area of ​​more than 100 m². In order for the network to withstand the load during the operation of the boiler, they are produced three-phase, that is, they are connected to a 380 V network. Features of a three-phase boiler:

powerful

It is necessary to take into account the heated area. For 10 m², 1 kW + 10-20% is required (for reserve);
operates from three phases (380 V), it is necessary to increase the power supply of current in the house;
it is necessary to obtain a special permit in the power supply to increase the power consumption and install the boiler;

Electric boiler for heating a private house, prices and types. Features of electric boilers for heating a private house. Calculation of power and connection of electric boilers.

the rated current that should be in each of the three phases varies from 6.1 to 110 A. This indicator affects the choice of the circuit breaker, wiring, its cross section (permissible indicators are indicated in the table below). Proper selection of the necessary elements will eliminate the possibility of fire.

Table "Values ​​of cable cross-section and current of circuit breakers":

Boiler power (up to the specified value)

Current value of safety circuit breakers, for single-phase boilers

Current value of safety circuit breakers, for three-phase boilers

Cable cross section for single-phase boilers

Cable cross section for three-phase boilers

Technical features of electric heating boilers

If we talk about what are the most economical electric heating boilers today, then these are, of course, devices called induction. However, this type of equipment has not yet become widespread due to the fact that only a few manufacturers are engaged in its manufacture. The best option in terms of price and quality is energy-saving ion electric boilers operating on the principle of electronic heating.

An equally important factor is the method of connecting to the electrical network, since the requirements for the power supply network must be taken into account even before purchasing the desired model of an electric boiler for heating a private house.

It is important to make sure in advance whether it is possible to draw a line with a power of 380V.In the event that this cannot be done, then you will have to choose the economical electric heating boiler that is able to function from a standard network

Another condition to which special attention should be paid is the efficiency of the equipment. Depending on the type of model, you can choose an economical electric boiler with one or another power.

So, a standard energy-saving electric heating boiler has an indicator of 6 to 12 kW, but there are also more powerful samples, the performance of which reaches 300 kW.

A very important factor when choosing a boiler is the number of circuits. It is worth remembering that single-circuit devices are used only for heating, while with the help of double-circuit boilers you can also heat water. Many models are equipped with modern automation that allows you to control the operation of equipment from a distance, and this happens thanks to thermostats installed indoors and outdoors.

Immediately before purchasing a boiler, it is very important to make sure that the device fully complies with the requirements set in advance for it and can be used in a particular room. If you wish, you can always study in detail the photos of the samples that are always available from the representatives involved in the supply of this equipment.

What to choose solutions worthy of attention

Summarizing the above situations, we can draw conclusions about which boilers are the most economical - these are gas and long-term combustion. From the point of view of Russian realities, they are not ideal either - they either need labor-intensive maintenance or are volatile (even in them, automation only functions when electricity is available). If you do not want to choose between saving the family budget and comfort, you should turn to hybrid heating systems.

Scheme of a solid fuel and gas boiler in one system

In combination with a solid fuel and gas boiler, the first one is a backup, designed for severe frosts, periods of unavailability of a centralized fuel supply. In "quiet" times, a gas firebox is used.

In the combination of solid fuel and electrical equipment, the first, on the contrary, is the main one. The electric boiler is turned on when there is no desire to constantly add firewood to the furnace or it is necessary to temporarily leave the house.

Such combined solutions are very economical and reliable, but homeowners are often intimidated by their high cost. However, when used for heating large houses, they quickly pay for themselves.

Types and features

You should start with the fact that such boilers have a lot of advantages.

Firstly, it is very convenient with its light weight, you do not have to spend a lot of time installing it, since it is quite simple.
Secondly, it does not take up much space. And, plus everything, it is a very inexpensive form of heating.
Another plus in its high security

If we take into account gas boilers, then they are still not so safe, there is a threat of explosion.
The electric boiler, on the other hand, is safe, does not emit odors and does not create noise. It is noteworthy that it has a temperature controller, that is, another plus is convenience and comfort.

As for efficiency: it depends on the type and model. There are so-called heating elements boilers. They work on the principle of a kettle, heating water. They stand out for a fairly low price. There are models that can be installed on the floor, there are also wall-mounted. But it has long been known that scale accumulates on teapots. TENs are no exception. As a result, electricity consumption is greatly increased.

Some electric batteries work on the principle of heating elements. Their heating covers a smaller area, but they are convenient with simple installation and beautiful design, they create an excellent warm climate. They do not heat the air itself, but the walls and interior items. But a warm floor from such batteries can no longer be carried out.Such electric batteries have different capacities, therefore, for greater efficiency, you need to calculate the quadrature of the house and, depending on this, choose what power the device should be placed in which room. Plus, it is better to choose liquid-free radiators, with the ability to regulate the heating temperature.

There are also automated electric batteries in which you can set the daily rate of electricity consumption, and they will work in the specified mode. For a private house, they are not so convenient to use.

There are also induction boilers. According to the principle of operation, they are comparable to heating elements, but their advantage lies in the fact that they do not have heating systems. They work according to the following principle: An induction coil is located above the boiler system, which heats the water with the help of current. Thus, the boiler becomes universal in that it rarely breaks - simply because there is actually nothing to break. Plus - in economy. It can work even at low voltage. And it also has a high level of security, so you can install it in any corner of a private house. The downside is its rather high price compared to the previous model. It is also a rather heavy construction, so they put such a boiler mainly on the floor

And, it is important to note that the principle of the model is based on magnetic inertia, so it is better not to put household appliances near

The third type is the electrode boiler. In it, the heating system is built on letting current through the entire coolant. It heats water much faster, which gives it the title of "most economical electric boiler". It is very compact, which allows you to install it without problems and save space. But it also has its drawbacks.

You should pay attention to the fact that there are many factors that affect energy savings using such a boiler. It is necessary to choose the right radiator for it

There is also a phenomenon called electrolysis, that is, over time, the power decreases, and the system is aired with rather poisonous gases. A rather complicated installation, so it is better to call a specialist. Well, in order to regulate the temperature, you will have to install additional equipment.

This type of boilers includes "scorpion". Its principle is just built on the efficiency of electricity. Having collected the necessary energy, the "scorpion" automatically turns off, and gets back into operation when the energy starts to fall. It can have both minimum and high power - this is also its advantage. In addition, the "scorpion" is silent and does not require any technical intervention. But such an instance costs accordingly. If we compare electric batteries with a scorpion-type boiler, then, in terms of savings, there is not much difference. Is it that with one boiler it is much easier and easier to monitor the temperature and power, and, accordingly, the funds spent on electricity. In addition, the "scorpion" has a high coefficient of conversion of energy into heat.

Direct and indirect heating systems

The type of heating, in which the main source for heating is electricity, is considered promising. But before you replace the existing heating, you need to understand the following:

• Which option is right for your home?
• what budget are you willing to invest in order to save in the future;
• what power source of electricity is already in the house.

The choice of heating system will depend on these factors.

The method of heating a house with the help of electricity has gained great popularity.

Direct heating system

Direct heating is implemented by using electric heaters: convectors, underfloor heating. electric oil coolers. Using this option, there is no need to lay pipelines, install a boiler, or buy radiators. All devices are connected independently to the cabling.The temperature in each heater is regulated separately, which makes it possible to control the consumption of electricity.

Important! The use of direct heating is the most costly heating method. The advantages of such a system include savings on capital (equipment costs) and operating (repair) costs.

Scheme of a heating system with a direct radiator circuit, an underfloor heating mixing circuit and an indirect heating boiler

Indirect heating system

Cheap heating of the house with electricity is indirect heating. It consists in the fact that the classic water heating remains unchanged, the coal or gas boiler is simply replaced with an electric one. They come with the following types of heating:

• inductive - an economical option, here heating is carried out due to high-frequency current (radio frequency waves);
• electrode or ion exchange - this type of heating uses open electrodes, which are supplied with current (50 Hz);
• direct - water is heated through a heating element. This type consumes much more energy, and also fails faster, however, the cost of such a boiler is several times less than that of a unit with inductive or electrode heating.

Comparison of the efficiency of boilers: electrode and shadow

The advantages of an electric boiler include:

• small sizes;
• low cost;
• fast installation;
• operational and environmental safety;
• noiselessness.

Useful advice! Although the prices of induction boilers for heating a private house “bite”, the electricity consumption in such models is one of the most economical. To really feel the savings and see it on your energy bill, it is advisable to install a three-phase boiler.

Home heating project with electricity

Advantages of installing an electric boiler

Among the main advantages that such equipment has, special attention should be paid to those thanks to which their installation in a private house will be the most successful solution. Among them are the following:

Among them are the following:

• you can install an electric heating boiler in any building, provided that it has access to the network. Moreover, all other criteria such as the height of the ceilings and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building do not play any role in this case;
• the process of installing electric heating boilers is very fast, and the work itself is not difficult. The requirements for the operation of these mechanisms are very similar to the recommendations for working with a boiler.