How much does 1 m3 of expanded clay weigh

Peculiarities

Nowadays, in most dwellings there are no perfectly even walls and floors. This problem is not uncommon, and many users experience it. Fortunately, we can fix this bug. Especially for smoothing various bases, suitable materials are sold in hardware stores.

So, to level the floor before laying the decorative coating, you can use GVL. These materials are found in many retail outlets and are in enviable demand.

Gypsum fiber boards are a special pressed material in which there is reinforcement with loose waste paper. This coating is durable and reliable. Gypsum in its composition plays the role of a binding component.

The main distinguishing feature of GVL sheets is their homogeneous structure, located under the cardboard layer - drywall. At the same time, the density of the latter is much less, so we can safely say that GVL-plates are reliable and strong coatings.

Currently, there are two types of GVL sheets. They are simple and moisture resistant.

Such materials should only be laid on a dry and well-prepared floor. And it should also be borne in mind that with a cement-sand or concrete screed at the stage of installing gypsum fiber sheets, many problems can arise, since the base for such material must dry completely. In cases where GVL boards are used as flooring on a subfloor, the result is a dry and neat base. It is permissible to immediately lay decorative topcoats on it.

Advantages of plates

The device of a monolithic floor made of expanded clay concrete is strong, rigid and easy to assemble. The material is innovative. Manufacturers highlight the following advantages of its use:

Any mounting options can be fixed on the surface. Builders often use screws, dowels and self-tapping screws. The structure of the plate remains the same for a long time. It does not show cracks or chips. Other materials cannot boast of such an advantage. For example, aerated concrete can not withstand a serious load. Expanded clay concrete does not interfere with the internal repair of the entire structure.

Low material cost. A minimum number of technologies are required for the production of a plate

In the selection process, it is recommended to pay attention to the brand and quality of the product. The difference is small

The client is guaranteed to acquire high quality building material.
The material is easy to use. It is often used for the construction of structures with their own hands. The plate can also be made by yourself. It will have a small weight and size. It is easily lifted by a man of average build.
Expanded clay concrete slabs are used in the construction of single and multi-storey buildings. However, attention is paid to the porosity and density of the overall structure. There are heavy options. They are not subject to deformation, because cracks do not form on their surface. Partitions inside the premises are made of blocks with a lower density. Thanks to this, it is possible to significantly save on construction work.
Hollow slabs are ideal for one-story houses. Thanks to the structure, it is possible to keep the heat inside the room. The material characteristics are close to natural wood. No additional insulation material is required. The environment is optimal in terms of humidity. The plates are light, so the construction process is carried out quickly and efficiently.

Some builders are interested in the question, is it possible to lay floor slabs on expanded clay concrete blocks? The two materials are well combined with each other and form a frame with the necessary strength.
Expanded clay concrete is a material that forms the necessary level of vapor barrier. Thanks to this, it is possible to save money for interior and exterior decoration. Plates are suitable even for the construction of the facade of any building.

Bulk density and grades

As mentioned above, one of the most important characteristics of expanded clay is density (kg / m3). And it is the bulk density. The quality of expanded clay, as one of the most common heat insulators, also determines the volume of grains, porosity and bulk density. The density of expanded clay gravel varies depending on the specific brand. But in general, it takes indicators from 250 to 800 kg / m3.

So, if the bulk density of expanded clay gravel has an indicator of less than 250 kg / m3, its grade is M250. Expanded clay with a bulk density equal to 250-300 kg / m3 has the M300 brand. And expanded clay with a density of 300-350 kg / m3 - M350. Further by analogy. But it should be borne in mind that after the M450 grade, the bulk density grade increases by 100. For example, M500, M600 and M700.

The limit values of brands associated with bulk density are also set by GOST 9757-90. The smallest brand of expanded clay gravel and crushed stone is M250. The maximum brand is M600. Although, upon agreement with the customer, higher values are acceptable. Expanded clay sand has slightly different indicators - from M500 to M1000. It should be borne in mind that the minimum characteristics are for reference, but the maximum ones are mandatory. Thus, it becomes clear that the lighter the expanded clay, the better its quality indicators (of course, when comparing the material of the same fraction).

Types of expanded clay screeds

Screeds using expanded clay are divided into two types:

Dry screed
Screed using sand and cement

It is very important in these cases to be able to calculate the rate of expanded clay. Since the screed with expanded clay, this is the easiest way to make the floor more even

Why is this material so good?

Helps create greater insulation against noise and temperature extremes
Very light
Environmentally friendly, which is very important for health
Sufficiently practical and durable
It does not absorb moisture
Not afraid of high temperatures
Good temperature resistance
Doesn't shrink much

dry method

The most common way to screed with expanded clay is dry. The fact is that in this way you can save time and effort, because it is much simpler than the method using concrete. A film is applied to the base of the floor, if it is made of concrete, if impregnated paper or roofing felt is made of wood. Expanded clay in dry form is poured onto the litter and fixed on top with sheets of chipboard or GVL.

The advantages of this method are:

Ease of attachment
There is almost no debris and dust during work
Sound and heat are well insulated
The decorative coating can be laid immediately after the screed

Of course, there are also disadvantages, but compared to the pros, they are scanty. The most important of them is the cost, which is a bit high. But this concerns the material, but the work itself will cost a penny. There is another minus, the screed is very thick and may not be suitable for rooms with low ceilings.

How to calculate expanded clay and its consumption

In order to make a screed, you must first calculate all the materials and proportions.

The amount of expanded clay
How much oilcloth, roofing material or paper is needed
Also, do not forget about screws and bolts.
Area of chipboard, or other materials that will complete the screed

All this can be calculated according to the following indicators:

Coating thickness
The square of the room in which the screed will be made
It is also important how the material will be placed.

Expanded clay consumption is determined by the thickness of the screed that is planned. In this case, the value becomes the base value, which is the average. It is worth finding the average thickness of expanded clay, calculating it from the upper and lower measurement points over the entire area. To get the correct expanded clay figures, you need to take the size of the room and multiply it by the thickness that you want to fall asleep. It is very difficult to obtain accurate data, so it is worth buying material with a small margin.

Way wet

To properly make a wet screed, you should use the following calculations:

Cement, one piece
Sand three parts
Expanded clay four parts

According to such calculations, twenty-five kilograms of expanded clay will turn out for thirty kilograms of solution. Before preparing this mass, it is worth soaking expanded clay in water for a short time. You can calculate the screed solution

Determine the layer thickness
Then the dimensions of the room
We take the weight of a bag of expanded clay per 0.05 m3
One cubic meter of expanded clay will be four hundred kilograms

When calculating the material, it must be assumed that a layer of one centimeter of expanded clay is 0.01 m3 per 1 m2 of the area that is in the room. There are such construction points where the amount is counted in liters, then we consider that ten liters per 1m2 will be spent per centimeter. It turns out that with a dry, that with a wet screed, the material is calculated depending on the thickness. It is also worth remembering that on the lower floors they make a floor of at least ten centimeters. For warmer upper floors, four centimeters is enough. To accurately calculate the consumption of materials for the premises, you need to do the following: multiply the area by the volume that are spent per 1m2. An example of calculating a screed from expanded clay: The area is 20 m2, the thickness of expanded clay is four cm.

In cubic meters: 0.04 m3 x 20 m2 equals 0.8 m3
In liters: 40 liters times 20 m2 equals 800 liters. or 16 bags of 50 liters.

It must be remembered that the material should always be taken with a margin, since, despite clear calculations, the material is most often not enough. With the wet method, do not forget about sand and cement, which are also worth calculating.

Expanded clay gravel

Expanded clay gravel (expanded clay) is a light porous material of a cellular structure in the form of gravel, less often in the form of crushed stone, obtained by firing low-melting clay rocks that can be rolled in when they are quickly heated to a temperature of 1050–1300°C for 25–45 minutes. The quality of expanded clay gravel is characterized by its grain size, bulk density and strength. Depending on the grain size, expanded clay gravel is divided into the following fractions: 5 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 40 mm, grains less than 5 mm are classified as expanded clay sand. The material usually has a bulk density above 500 kg/m3 and a water absorption of 10 to 25%.

At one time, expanded clay served as the basis for the development of industrial housing construction, as a result of which the tasks were solved: a significant increase in construction volumes, a reduction in labor costs and a reduction in the construction time. The acuteness of the housing problem was removed, resettlement from communal apartments was carried out. In a short time from 1958 to 1968, the capacity of enterprises for the production of expanded clay increased 34 times and reached 5.294 million m3; The largest volume of production belongs to 1990. – 38 million m3 at 352 plants. At the same time, the total volume of porous aggregates produced this year (the absolute maximum) amounted to 49 million m3, that is, 77%. The basics of expanded clay technology are set out in the monograph of Onatsky S.P. (Onatsky S.P. Production of expanded clay. - M., Stroyizdat, 1987. - 322 p.)

High energy consumption of expanded clay production (93 kg of reference fuel per 1 m3 of aggregate), limited quality raw materials and high material density and, accordingly, low thermal insulation properties led to a sharp reduction in expanded clay production in Russia in the 90s.

However, at present, of the bulk thermal insulation materials currently on the market, the main share is still expanded clay gravel, which, due to its thermal characteristics and relatively high density, is of little use as an effective thermal insulation. Indeed, the most widely produced expanded clay has a bulk density of 600 kg/m3 and a corresponding thermal conductivity above 0.2 W/(m·K).

According to the expert assessment of specialists from NIIKeramzit, in 2000, about 10 million m3 of simple filling aggregates, including expanded clay, were produced in Russia. Currently, many enterprises have either ceased to exist, or are idle, or operate with reduced productivity.In addition, there is a tendency to replace expanded clay and replace it with other types of insulation in the production of external enclosing structures due to the low thermal insulation properties of the material and its low frost resistance.

Experts attribute the reduction in expanded clay production to the widespread sharp reduction in panel housing construction, the main consumer of expanded clay gravel and sand. Many even relatively “prosperous” enterprises, in winter, due to lack of demand, either stand idle, or, working at reduced productivity, unload their products on the ground, worsening the already low quality of expanded clay. Today, expanded clay gravel is mainly used for the manufacture of all kinds of backfills: attic and interfloor, in the manufacture of floors and walls in country houses. There are cases of the use of expanded clay as a backfill for wells in the well laying of brick walls.

Other reasons for this situation are the dramatically changed relations in society between production and consumption, the increase in requirements for the thermophysical characteristics of enclosing buildings and structures, which single-layer expanded clay concrete panels do not meet.

Therefore, in recent years, the production of more efficient bulk materials has been intensively created, which have better thermal insulation properties compared to expanded clay and, accordingly, a significantly lower bulk density: below 200 kg/m3. These are mainly expanded perlite and vermiculite. These materials are made from natural materials - rocks containing chemically bound water in their composition. With a sharp heating of the material, water evaporates, accompanied by a rupture and swelling of the rock silicate rock.

Fields of application of expanded clay

monolithic construction: concrete is becoming increasingly popular, in which expanded clay gravel is used as a filler, and the production of expanded clay can be organized right at the construction site
thermal insulation of roofs: expanded clay is most often used to create a thermal insulation pad for roof insulation
thermal insulation of floors and ceilings: expanded clay insulation for noise protection and heat conservation
landscaping: expanded clay gravel is great for creating alpine slides and artificial terraces
concrete production: concrete based on expanded clay filler is much lighter than concrete on conventional gravel, which reduces costs during transportation and construction
foundation thermal insulation: expanded clay gravel is used to create a thermal insulation layer and reduce the laying depth of almost any type of foundation
ground insulation: if it is necessary to make ground insulation for some types of plants, then expanded clay gravel is best suited
road construction: expanded clay is used for thermal insulation and water drainage in the construction of earthen embankments for roads, in construction on wet and swampy areas of land
crop production: expanded clay filler creates excellent drainage for plant roots. And growing plants hydroponically with expanded clay avoids problems such as weeds and plant diseases.

The well-established production of expanded clay solves problems in public utilities. Due to its thermal insulation properties, expanded clay gravel is perfect for organizing the insulation of water supply and heating networks. Water networks, when water freezes in them in winter, often suffer from pipe rupture. Accidents of this kind bring a lot of trouble to both public utilities and residents of the affected building.It is easy to avoid this scourge - you just need to arrange a bulk waterproofing layer of expanded clay gravel.

The advantages of expanded clay as a kind of "fur coat" for water pipes are as follows:

providing easy access to emergency sections of the water supply
the possibility of reuse after the localization of the source of the accident
creation and maintenance of the required temperature regime
providing sound insulation.

In the field of landscaping, expanded clay gravel is indispensable as a cushion for laying the sidewalk, which, moreover, perfectly drains the soil. In construction, the use of expanded clay gravel is much wider:

on the basis of expanded clay crushed stone create light and durable concrete, wall panels of residential and industrial buildings
expanded clay is used in local treatment facilities as a filter element.

When added to the soil, expanded clay gravel leads to an increase in the yield of fruit and berry crops. There are two ways of such not quite traditional use of expanded clay - both of them are reliable, simple and not expensive:

a layer of expanded clay is poured into the hole for planting fruit trees and bushes, then a layer of soil. Having placed the roots of the plant in the pit and sprinkled them with soil, another layer of expanded clay is poured on top (the so-called layered method)
expanded clay of a fine fraction is added to the soil, and the hole is filled with it, placing the roots of the plants so that it is comfortable to grow.

With any method of using expanded clay, a positive effect is invariably guaranteed - a beneficial effect on the growth and development of plants. The introduction of expanded clay into the soil when planting horticultural crops improves moisture and air exchange in the soil, helps plants to endure periods of drought more easily, and prevents the formation of mold and moss on the surface. In such a fairly simple way, a significant increase in the yield of fruit and berry crops can be achieved.

Expanded clay gravel is also good for growing indoor and greenhouse plants using hydroponics. A plant growing in a special hydroponic pot, consisting of an external decorative vessel and an internal one equipped with holes and filled with expanded clay, receives all the necessary minerals and oxygen. The need for soil, in which pests of plant roots often start, disappears.

Types of expanded clay concrete and its purpose

Before considering how much a cube of expanded clay concrete weighs and what is its specific gravity, it is necessary to understand for what purposes it can be used.

The material is different for its intended purpose:

Structural - used for the production of high-strength wall and road slabs.
Thermal insulation - applied to load-bearing walls from the inside or outside to improve thermal insulation characteristics and produce blocks used in low-rise construction.
Structural and heat-insulating - differs from the standard heat-insulating in that it is laid during the construction of load-bearing structures.

Production

In order for the insulation to be effective, the density of expanded clay must be small. This can be achieved by foaming clay. This happens along the technological chain at the plant:

1. In special installations, fusible clay is subjected to powerful thermal shock. This ensures high porosity of the raw material.

2. Next, raw porous granules are melted from the outside - this way they achieve high strength and tightness, which is necessary for the resistance of the balls to moisture and aggressive environmental influences.

The technical characteristics of expanded clay directly depend on the accuracy of production processes: deviation from manufacturing standards can lead to insufficient porosity and tightness, and fragility of the insulation.

expanded perlite

Expanded perlite is obtained by firing perlite - silicate rocks containing water. Perlite is a natural material, a rock that is volcanic glass, which contains 70-75% SiO₂ ;12-14% AI₂O₃; 3-5% Na₂O, about the same K₂Oh, up to 1% Fe₂O₃, CaO, MgO.A distinctive feature of perlite rock is its content of 2 to 5% bound water. By virtue of its nature, chemical composition, perlite, like any glass, is inert, chemically and biologically resistant.

In the 30s of the XX century, one of its unique properties was discovered. With a sharp thermal shock heating to temperatures of 1100-1150°C, the particles of this rock are porous. The volume of internal pores increases sharply. Light porous sand in the bulk layer can reach a density of 50÷600 kg/m3 (according to GOST 10832-74).

The global consumption of expanded perlite is at least 20 million m3 per year. The largest producers of expanded perlite in the world are the USA (about 7 million m3), Germany (about 4 million m3), France, Italy, Greece, Spain, Israel, China (up to 1 million m3 each).

Until 1991, about 2.5 million m3 of this product was produced in Russia. It is currently quite difficult to estimate the volume of expanded perlite production, but according to LLC Perlit (website http://www.ooo-perlit.ru ), the volume of perlite output after the decline (1994 - 80 thousand m3 per year) in 2000 reached 150 thousand m3 per year and continues to grow, although it is constrained by the low demand for the material in construction due to its consumer properties. So, having a good ability to be wetted by water, expanded perlite sand can absorb up to 400% of water (by mass) and retain it well. Therefore, the material is widely used in agriculture to improve soil properties.

However, the same property - high moisture capacity - hinders the use of the material in construction. According to this property, the material is close to another mineral heat insulator - expanded vermiculite.

Poraver

The closest in terms of technical characteristics to foam glass granulate is imported material - Poraver (Poraver site www.poraver.com).

In Western Europe, in particular in Germany, this material has been successfully used for several decades, and a particularly noticeable rise in demand for it has been noted in recent years, when the problem of energy saving has been given the closest attention. The raw material for the production of Poraver is glass obtained from waste, which for various reasons, primarily technical, cannot be used in the glass industry for the production of new glass products.

The raw material for the production of Poraver is glass obtained from waste, which for various reasons, primarily technical, cannot be used in the glass industry for the production of new glass products.

To obtain the Poraver material, the cleaned pieces of glass are ground into a fine glass powder. Then, in a mixing plant, water, a binder and a blowing agent are added to the glass powder. Giving a spherical shape to the particles of the resulting glass mixture is carried out in a disk granulator. After that, the granulate is foamed in a rotary kiln at a temperature of about 900°C. The swelling process allows to obtain a finely porous spherical creamy-white granulate, inside the particles of which small air bubbles are enclosed.

The principal distinguishing feature of the Poraver technology is the production of small raw granules during pelletization. This effect is achieved through strict control of the fractional composition of the glass powder and special surfactant additives in the binder liquid. The result, in addition to reducing the size of the granules, is a significant complication of the production line and a significant increase in the cost of the product.

Upon completion of the cooling process, the Poraver material is screened and sorted by granule size, stored in a large-chamber bunker and transported to customers in trucks with a tank trailer for transporting bulk goods, large bags.

The Poraver material is relatively lightweight.It is also characterized by low thermal conductivity, which allows it to be used as a heater, good compressive strength at a very low weight (lighter than water), neutral odor, and therefore there is no need for expensive hermetic insulation, insensitivity to moisture, good gas permeability, high chemical resistance (including to alkalis), good sound-proofing properties, great durability (even after several decades, the material retains its useful properties - there are no fatigue phenomena of the material). In addition, we should mention such an important point that, like any glass, this material is not combustible and does not collapse under the influence of low temperatures.

The above consideration of the main consumer characteristics of bulk heat-insulating materials existing on the market makes it possible to distinguish the differences between foam glass granulate and existing analogues. These differences relate to both physical characteristics and price parameters.

The main differences in the physical properties of all the described materials are based on fundamental differences in the microstructure of the materials. So, if expanded clay, expanded perlite and vermiculite are materials with open labyrinth porosity, then foam glass has a cellular structure with predominantly closed pores.

The explosive nature of the removal of water from vermiculite, perlite, and partly expanded clay, leads to labyrinthine and open porosity of the resulting materials. Therefore, these materials are easily impregnated with water, have low strength and, as a result, cannot be used as fillers in mortars.

The fundamental difference in the properties of materials with open and closed porosity becomes apparent when studying the stability of materials in water.

Obviously, the only material that is not affected by water is foam glass granulate. Thus, materials with a closed cell structure have clear advantages over materials of the open porosity group in applications where increased strength, moisture and frost resistance are required.

To compare the main consumer properties of all materials, among the physical characteristics, in addition to stability in water, strength, density and thermal conductivity for mortar fillers, such characteristics as granule size and color are also important.

Volumetric weight or overall size of blocks

This concept refers to the weight of blocks that occupy a certain volume, for example, one cubic meter. Depending on the density of concrete, the blocks have different weights, so one cube of heat-insulating concrete is much lighter than structural concrete. Blocks that are used for thermal insulation have the lowest volumetric weight - it varies in the range from 500 to 900 kg / m3. This type does not require high reliability and strength, while it does not create an excessive load on load-bearing walls and partitions.

As for the structural type, its cube weighs from 1400 to 1900 kg / m3. Indicators of structural and heat-insulating expanded clay concrete should vary from 900 to 1400 kg/m3. Usually in industrial construction, blocks with an optimal weight are chosen, which will not make the structure too heavy, but at the same time provide sufficient strength. For example, in panel houses today, 800 kg / m3 is most often used.

Separately, it is worth considering the structural view. It has the highest strength when compared with other types, while its bulk density is quite low. This is due to the fact that in construction this type is used to facilitate the supporting structure.It is also worth mentioning the compressive strength, which ranges from 200 to 400 kg / cm2. If necessary, structural expanded clay concrete is reinforced, for this, both ordinary reinforcement and stressed reinforcement are used. The second type can be used with the M200 grade or higher. In some situations, it is required to increase the indicators of elasticity and strength - for this, quartz sand is used, which is added during the manufacture of the solution.

When choosing the right material for building a house, it is recommended to make more durable grades, since private houses are usually built on 2-3 floors. In any case, the optimal grade will be 900–1200 kg/m3.

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Sources

http://m-s-k-region.ru/skolko-keramzita-v-meshke.html
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Specifications

Let us consider in more detail what technical characteristics GVL-plates have:

their standard length is 2500 mm;
width - 1200 mm;
thickness - 10, 12.5, 15, 18, 20 mm;
fracture strength level - more than 5.5 MPa;
hardness level - more than 22 MPa;
density is approximately 1200 kg / cu. m;
thermal conductivity - 0.22-0.35 W / m0S.

Of course, in stores you can find gypsum fiber sheets, the parameters of which differ from the indicated values. For example, simple GVL sheets go on sale, which in appearance are very similar to standard drywall. Their dimensions are 1200x1500 mm.

And also for leveling various bases, small-format gypsum fiber sheets are used. Their dimensions are 1200x600 mm and 1500x500 mm.

How much expanded clay fits in a bag

It all depends on the volume of the bag and the density of expanded clay. Standard bags are produced mainly in round sizes: 25, 30, 40, 50 and 60 liters. The size of the grains determines the density of the embankment. The smaller the diameter, the more grains go into the bag, the heavier the weight is. Accordingly, on the contrary, the larger the grain, the smaller the piece quantity and the lighter the volume of purchase. If we talk about average values, then a 25-liter bag holds 12 kg of a medium-sized bulk substance (that is, the volume in liters is twice the mass in kilograms). The same 12 kg are the 40th part of 1 m3 of bulk goods.

How much does expanded clay cost in bags?

Of course, somewhat more expensive than bulk goods. The cost of packaging and filling determine the additional margin. Example:

1 m3 of fraction 20-40 mm costs 1400 rubles.

A bag with a capacity of 50 liters is 0.05 of a cube.

This means that a bulk volume of 50 liters should cost 1400 rubles. × 0.05 = 70 rubles.

It is worth adding about 20% to the indicated price (the cost of packaging and the bag itself). 70 rub. + 70 rub. × 20%: 100% = 84 rubles. This is a logical cost of high-quality expanded clay in a bag.

Often promotional prices surprise with their low thresholds. It is quite possible to get on a good product, which is in the remnants, and the seller fuses it at cost. But it happens that catchy promotional offers are the result of tricks with the weight or quality of expanded clay. Therefore, you should be meticulous about a product that attracts a profitable offer. Savings on the purchase of building materials can be a significant loss on the costly result of construction.

How much does expanded clay weigh in bags?

The table shows the exact weight calculations based on the density grade. The following average figure gives approximate values:

The average weight of 1 m3 of expanded clay is about 450 kg.

One cubic meter holds about 20 bags of 50 liters.

Weight of one bag = 450 kg ꓽ 20 bags = 22.5 kg.