Features of insulation of facades of apartment buildings

Pump pit insulation options

There are several ways to insulate a well:

1. Dig a hole below the freezing level of the soil. But this method is not applicable in all regions of Russia.
2. Warming with heat-insulating materials. Thermal insulation should be located at the bottom, walls and lid of the pit. Since the object is outdoors and is regularly exposed to precipitation, the thermal insulation material must have a good level of moisture protection, be durable, resistant to decay, it must retain heat well, have good soundproofing properties (to muffle the noise of operating equipment) and be airtight. For such purposes, a sprayed polyurethane foam insulation is perfect (many companies provide services for such thermal insulation), Penoplex insulation or ordinary foam.

Stages of insulation of the pumping station:

• leveling the floors and walls of the pit;
• installation of the frame and walls on which the thermal insulation will be attached. For the frame, a wooden block 50 × 50 mm or a board is suitable, the material for the walls is plywood or OSB;
• insulation is sprayed onto the walls or heat-insulating plates are installed.

If you use polyurethane foam, then there will be no issues with the installation: the company's employees will spray it on the walls. Polyurethane foam after polymerization forms a solid moisture-proof plate.

Penoplex or polystyrene is attached to the walls with dowels and special glue

It is important to avoid gaps during operation. To seal the cracks, a balloon with polyurethane foam is used

The thickness of the foam plastic must be at least 10 cm, the thickness of the foam plastic must be at least 15 cm. It is recommended to use a 5 cm thick insulation, lay it in layers with a mandatory run-up to prevent the occurrence of cold bridges. For a pump insulated in this way, any frost will not be terrible, and in summer the heat-insulating material will protect the equipment from high temperatures.

Types of chimneys

Equipped chimney units can be of different shapes - round or rectangular, depending on the material. But in all cases, a cap must be installed on the chimney to protect it from rain, and the point of contact between the outlet and the roof is protected by an apron made of sheet metal or other materials.

Currently, round two-layer chimneys are produced with non-combustible stone wool filler, and a rubber cap is provided as a protective apron, which is tightly put on the installed outlet. Ordinary silicone is often used as a sealant between joints. Installation of modern materials is easier.

Rectangular chimney installation. In this case, sections of boards are attached above and below the pipe, resulting in a frame. The fire distance to the wooden elements, which is from 13 to 25 cm, should be observed. If the chimney is made of modern materials, the waterproofing can be fixed directly on the wall of the outlet, but if not, a protective apron is required and good protection against precipitation.

Pros of Knauf

This high-quality German-made mineral wool does not pose a danger to humans. It's all about the absence of hazardous substances in its composition. This good material is characterized by the following positive properties:

• the impossibility of shrinkage for the entire period of operation;
• light weight;
• health safety.

Mineral wool Knauf has an insignificant coefficient of thermal conductivity, which means that even in the most severe frosts the room retains heat. The material is endowed with excellent soundproofing qualities, so it is widely used by owners of houses located near highways and tram tracks. The room will be quiet and comfortable.Knauf is not subject to the formation of fungi. In the event of a fire, it becomes an obstacle to the spread of fire, which indicates its fire safety. Mineral wool is characterized by the ability to compact to a small size, much smaller than the primary ones. This allows it to be transported in large quantities.

Materials for insulation

Mineral wool. It costs more, is more fireproof, and an additional plus is that it isolates sound well. More common in new buildings.

A layer of waterproofing (or a primer) is applied to the wall. An important step, because if the mineral wool absorbs condensate, it may lose its properties.

Then follows the installation of the frame, laying the insulation. The frame is better to make a wooden one. We glue the joints between the plates with adhesive tape, we process the gap with foam. After that, another insulating layer is laid, and a mounting grid is glued on top.

Styrofoam. The cheapest option. Often used for insulation of secondary housing. They are made according to the principle of a ventilated facade. The main thing is to seal the joints between the plates well.

For an apartment, take only self-extinguishing foam treated with substances that prevent combustion.

The wall needs to be leveled, a layer of waterproofing should be laid. Then glue layers of thermal insulation on it. You can additionally use dowels for the strength of fasteners. We diligently fill the gaps between the plates with mounting foam. We fix the mounting grid.

The disadvantage of the method is that with a temperature difference from the inside, condensate is still formed, which will flow along the walls. To protect yourself from the fungus, you can lay a special substrate under the wallpaper.

You will need:

Extruded polystyrene foam. The width of the insulation is 120 cm, the thickness is 2 cm. Its area is 0.66 sq.m. Price - from 35 UAH per 1 sheet.

Glue for polystyrene ALPOL AL, 25 kg. It serves for gluing and reinforcing. Price - from 134 UAH.

Aluminum tape (from 138 UAH) for high-quality joining of joints.

Foamed polyethylene. Glued on one side, foil coated on the other. Thickness - 5 mm. Suitable for waterproofing. Price - from 120 UAH.

Mineral wool is a popular insulation. Price - from 258 UAH.

Features of the work

A distinctive feature of the insulation of the walls of the apartment from the outside is the need to contact a specialized organization, because the main work has to be done at a height, which is almost impossible to do on your own without certain skills, equipment and technology.

The only option is if the apartment is on the first floor. Then the work can be done independently.

Well, in the question “how to insulate a wall in an apartment on your own”, you should pay attention to the internal insulation of the walls of the apartment - everyone can do the work on internal thermal insulation. However, this nuance should be noted here: most people have significant problems with the number of residential "squares" - apartments are often small

And internal insulation will further reduce it, and significantly reduce it (for example, when using foam plastic 10 cm thick, you will have to lose about 15 cm)

However, this nuance should be noted here: most people have significant problems with the number of residential "squares" - apartments are often small. And internal insulation will further reduce it, and significantly reduce it (for example, when using foam plastic 10 cm thick, you will have to lose about 15 cm).

In addition, internal insulation is also not so effective, and on the contrary, it is dangerous. The bottom line is that if the wall is not insulated from the outside, then moisture can appear inside. And if it appears, and the wall is insulated from the inside, then moisture will act precisely on the heat-insulating structure.

This, of course, will quickly lead to its destruction. For this reason, it is reasonable to insulate from the inside only in cases where work was carried out outside to protect the wall from cold and moisture.

Thus, we can conclude that the ideal (albeit expensive) solution for an apartment is precisely external insulation.

Ways to insulate the facade of the house

1. Mineral wool has a fibrous structure, which gives the material heat and sound insulation qualities. The main area of ​​application of mineral wool is construction, where it is used as a heat-insulating material. Mineral wool is produced in the form of mats without fillers, slabs with a binder material. Rigid and semi-rigid mineral wool boards are used for thermal insulation of facades.
2. Expanded polystyrene is produced by foaming the material with hot vapors of low-boiling liquids. The resulting granules are soldered together and the product can be molded. Used mainly in the insulation of apartment buildings. The material is easy to process, does not rot, light.
3. Liquid heaters are glass or ceramic microcapsules filled with air. The consistency is like thick paint. Liquid insulation is applied to the walls several times. It has excellent thermal insulation qualities.
4. Light and heavy plaster insulation systems are multi-layer structures, which are made of polymer cement glue, finishing and heat-insulating layer. The difference between a light plaster system and a heavy one lies in the thickness of the insulating layers. In addition to insulation, the treatment of walls with plaster allows you to implement any design solutions for decorating the facade of a house, photos of private buildings.
5. Well masonry is a structure consisting of three layers. It consists of two walls, between which there is a heater.
6. Insulation of facades with ventilated systems. The ventilated facade consists of cladding materials attached to a galvanized frame to a wall with a ventilation gap. Mineral wool can serve as additional insulation, which is attached to the facade with dish-shaped dowels and covered with a vapor barrier. The ventilation system retains heat, eliminates the appearance of dampness in the house.

Expanded polystyrene is easy to process, does not rot, lightweight

Vapor barriers Ondutis

These thermal insulation films are presented in the form of membranes that do not allow water and air to pass through. Apply Ondutis in order to protect the internal elements of the roof, walls, insulation from moisture.

Various types of membranes of this brand are produced, each of which is designed for different corners and rooms. The advantages include long service life and the ability to protect against:

• ultraviolet rays;
• the formation of fungus and mold;
• rotting wooden structure;
• rust of metal elements.

One of the significant advantages is the affordable cost. Ondutis films are considered to be quite good thermal insulation products and leaders in this group of materials in terms of price and quality ratio.

Comparative analysis of insulation from the inside and outside

To maintain comfortable conditions in the house will allow high-quality insulation of walls, foundation and ceiling. You have to choose between two methods of installing heat-insulating material:

External insulation - installed on the outside of the building, its advantages include:

• surface protection from weather conditions, prolonging the service life;
• the dew point remains outside the room and the walls are not covered with condensate;
• heating costs are significantly reduced;
• the internal area of ​​the house remains unchanged;
• most heaters create a layer of sound insulation and reduce the level of penetrating noise;
• there is an opportunity to change the architectural appearance of the house to your liking.

Of the shortcomings:

• high cost of materials;
• the process of thermal insulation depends on the weather conditions - at freezing temperatures or during rain, work cannot be performed.

Internal insulation - mounted from the inside of the house.This option has many negative points, but it provides an increase in the temperature in the room by several degrees. Thermal insulation is placed from the inside in several cases:

• if access to the outer surface is difficult (high-rise buildings);
• it is necessary to preserve the appearance of the house, for example, wooden decor.

Cons of internal insulation:

• useful area is lost;
• condensation forms between the wall and the insulation at the dew point, which provokes the growth of mold and fungus;
• walls are not protected from external influences, they freeze through and collapse.

The comparison shows that external insulation is better than internal insulation. It more effectively maintains high temperature and optimal humidity, prolongs the life of load-bearing structures. Thermal insulation placed from the inside loses on all counts, except for the ability to complete it at any time. But you can’t refuse it, for many owners of apartments and houses this is the only option to reduce heat loss.

Internal and external insulation of high-rise buildings

External. The facade is “dressed” in heat-insulating material from the outside, closing the walls from wind, rain, snow. It is advisable to insulate the entire facade or the entire wall of the house completely. Not everyone manages to knock out “money” for this. Basically, each apartment owner insulates his piece. This is not only unaesthetic, but also leads to damage to the walls themselves. A temperature difference is created between the insulated area and the wall. The wall heats up and cools unevenly. Because of this, cracks may appear. And in the micro-slit under the layer of insulation seep moisture, which freezes and melts. This leads to the destruction of the walls.

Pros:

• There are no inconveniences - you do not have to move furniture and endure construction work at home.
• Humidity in the apartment will decrease.

Minuses:

• If you insulated only a piece of the room, the wall will gradually collapse.
• To work on the upper floors you need to hire specialists.

Internal. Its main drawback is that condensation can accumulate between the insulation and the wall. Then the walls become damp, mold appears. The outer wall continues to freeze.

Pros:

• No need to call industrial climbers for help.
• If something went wrong - the insulation is damp, mold - you can tear off the unsuccessful insulation.

Minuses:

• Reduces living space. Not suitable for tiny kitchens if the apartment is corner and you need to insulate several walls.
• The wall is isolated from the heating system. In winter, the wall will be cold, and the insulation will not allow it to “warm up” from the central heating of the house.
• Condensation may collect in the space between the insulation and the wall. This is a direct path to mold, fungi and other “charms” of life.

Vapor barrier film Izospan

Isospan is based on polypropylene. These vapor barrier membranes are environmentally friendly and safe for human health. The positive properties of this material include:

• strength;
• increased resistance to fungal attack and decay;
• ease of installation;
• long service life - about 50 years.

The temperature at which Izospan can be safely operated ranges from -60 to + 80 ° C. It also has a high water repellency.

It has some downsides. One of them concerns weak resistance to fire. When working with such a film, it is necessary that there is no open source of fire nearby.

It is noted that careless handling of Izospan brand A can lead to its damage. During the laying process, it must not be allowed to come into contact with the insulation. Otherwise, this will lead to a deterioration in its vapor barrier qualities. A significant disadvantage is the high price.

Decomposition of foam in the soil

Research has been going on for a long time, the purpose of which is to determine the natural ways to dispose of various wastes.A particular problem is the disposal of materials such as foam, extruded polystyrene foam and plastic. They are often used by builders to insulate facades, interior walls, foundations and floors.

The problem is that these building materials are porous. In autumn, water penetrates into them, which subsequently freezes and expands, which causes the bonds between molecules to break under pressure. Expanded polystyrene has a higher density, so it breaks down more slowly than porous foam. However, even the plates that have turned into dust under the influence of atmospheric phenomena do not rot in the ground, since most types of bacteria are not able to process them like organic matter. The process of decomposition of building materials can take about 100 years. During this period, the molecules that form polystyrene foam and polystyrene break down into simple elements and may begin to rot.

The problem of environmental pollution and recycling of these building materials worries scientists around the world. Through extensive study and sampling in Japan, a special strain of bacteria, Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6, has been identified. These microorganisms are able to ingest molecules and digest them. The study of this strain of bacteria made it possible to determine that they are capable of producing special enzymes. In just 6 weeks, these microorganisms can process approximately 0.2 mm layer of foam, which means that it can still decompose if it gets into the ground where special microorganisms live. These bacteria not only break bonds between molecules, but process them into energy.

Since the process of putrefaction is too slow even with the use of these microorganisms, methods of using them to eliminate this type of waste have not yet been developed. Now work is underway to artificially obtain special enzymes that are used by such bacteria to digest foam. In the future, perhaps, this technology will make it possible to process not only the remains of these materials, but also household waste.

Insulation of the facade of the house with foam

The use of polystyrene (expanded polystyrene) for facade insulation is the most budget option. There are two types of foam: non-pressed suspension (PSB), extruded (EPS). They differ in production technology. First, the walls are primed, leveled with rough plaster, and then foam boards begin to be glued. Umbrella dowels are used to fasten the foam to the walls. It is necessary to start laying the plates from the bottom in a checkerboard pattern, gradually moving up. Then the reinforcing mesh is cut and, starting from the top, it is fixed with cement plaster. After the plaster dries, it is necessary to apply a finishing layer with a thickness of at least five centimeters, wipe it off. It is advisable to apply decorative plaster for greater protection of the finish.

The use of foam for facade insulation is the most budget option.

How is external insulation done?

Wet facade. Materials are stacked in several layers. The first is a heater, followed by a reinforcing mesh. The final stage is plastering. This type of insulation is carried out only at positive temperatures. A wet-type facade should last 20-30 years, although cosmetic repairs are periodically required.

Ventilated. The most common way. A metal frame is installed, on top of which a heater is laid. Next, leave an air gap and lay the screen. Air is needed so that moisture does not accumulate, mold does not form.

What is a screen? As a material, you can choose aluminum panels or siding. You can make a facade of this type even with the onset of cold weather, if you did not have time to prepare in the summer. Cope with the work will come out in three days with enough qualifications. Such a structure should last at least 50 years.

Foaming of the facade. A special foam can be applied to the facade, which, in terms of its thermal insulation characteristics, is close to polystyrene or mineral wool. The layer is applied with a sprayer, this should be done by professionals. Under the influence of oxygen, the foam hardens almost instantly forming a monoblock coating. It is good to use in areas where you can’t get with ordinary insulation. After drying, the material becomes airtight.

Achieving complete insulation of the facade is the best solution. All residents of the house will start to really save on heating.

Warming a piece of the wall will only save you from strong winds and severe frosts. But it is worth considering waterproofing and ventilation well in order to avoid mold and damage to the walls.

It is convenient to choose and compare materials for wall insulation at Price.ua.

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When do you need permission

In some regions of Russia, for example in Moscow, it is generally forbidden to insulate a separate apartment from the outside, in others a permit can be issued if the rest of the residents agree to it, in the third - after the certification of the facade in a particular case. If the house is protected by the state as an object of cultural heritage, it is difficult to obtain permission to insulate not only one apartment, but the entire building. The owner of the apartment must contact the neighbors, the housing and communal services or other relevant authorities. Perhaps the insulation of your home is planned during a major overhaul at the expense of the budget. You may be required to declare that you assume responsibility for safety during the work. If they refuse you, you can improve the thermal insulation of the apartment from the inside, and seal the seams and cracks on the front side of the facade with sealants.

It is impossible to change the appearance of the facade arbitrarily

In an insulated apartment with central heating, the average temperature in winter increases by 3-5 ° C, with autonomous gas consumption is reduced by 15-20%. However, you cannot arbitrarily change the appearance of the facade of a building that does not belong to you. Such works must be coordinated with the district or city architect.

In any city, you can find apartment buildings with multi-colored partially insulated facades. The work was done carefully, with the hope that the walls would not freeze in winter. But you need to know that the external thermal insulation of a building within the same apartment is ineffective and leads to its premature destruction. Condensation forms between the insulated and non-insulated part of the facade, which gradually penetrates inside, and fungus and mold appear at the junction of the floor and ceiling with the outer wall. Due to intense moisture at the upper and lower boundaries of the insulated area, the ends of the floor slabs freeze through. A continuous sealed circuit with can create a complete external wall insulation.

If the residents of a multi-storey building are against such work by one of the neighbors, they can go to court or make a decision on dismantling at a general meeting that is competent to resolve issues about home property.

Advantages of Rockwool

This type of mineral wool, for the manufacture of which basalt is taken, is intended for industrial and household devices and parts. Due to the fact that during its production a chaotic arrangement of fibers is achieved, Rockwool acquires a number of positive properties. These include the beautiful:

• resistance to burning even at temperatures up to 1000ºС;
• thermal insulation;
• vapor tightness;
• soundproofing.

It is distinguished by high resistance to mechanical stress. This brand is popular among construction organizations and owners due to its good hygroscopicity and relatively low price. There are different types of Rockwool insulation material.

Advantages and characteristics of materials

Both Rockwool and Isover offer quality mineral wool boards made from stone with the addition of binders and moisture repellents.

The main characteristic of materials used for insulation is thermal conductivity. The insulation of two manufacturers has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which varies from 0.035 to 0.045 W / (m * K) depending on the product name. Thus, the products of both companies have good thermal insulation properties.

Rockwool offers consumers a wide range of stone wool slabs for insulation and sound insulation:

• facades (Venti Butts, Rockfaçade);

• roofing (Roof Butts);

• ceilings between floors, floors (Floor Butts);

• balconies, walls, partitions (Rockwool, Light Butts, Light Butts Scandic);

• partitions, ceilings (Acoustic Butts);

• baths and saunas;

• fireplaces.

Isover's range is narrower, but also covers all structures that require insulation:

• roofing (Isover Optimal, Ruf);

• walls (Isover Venti, Acoustic, Facade, Light, Standard);

• floor (Isover Optimal, Flor).

Insulate hinged ventilated facades taking into account the density index in order to avoid slipping of the material and blowing out the fibers. Venty Butts material has good density (100 kg/m³). The density of facade materials produced by Isover is lower (70-80 kg/m³).

One of the main characteristics of mineral wool boards is water resistance. The material of both brands retains its properties when exposed to water. Water absorption during short-term and partial immersion does not exceed 1.0 kg/m².

Insulation from Rockwool or Izover not only meets, but also exceeds the requirements for the degree of fire resistance and fire hazard class.

Insulation from the inside, how to avoid condensation

When it is not possible to arrange thermal insulation from the outside, it is mounted from the inside. The main task in this case is to avoid the appearance of condensate and moisture that is detrimental to materials. Why do water drops appear on the wall? This happens when cold material and warm vapor from the room come into contact. To keep the wall dry, it must be isolated from the penetration of steam. For this you need:

• use a heater with a minimum vapor permeability, it is desirable that its indicator be lower than that of the wall;
• perform a high-quality finish from moisture-resistant drywall;
• use a waterproofing sheet when installing insulation;
• reduce indoor humidity with ventilation.

When choosing a material for thermal insulation, it is worth stopping at vapor-tight products: polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam. It is possible to use mineral wool, but its installation will require a lot of effort:

• it is necessary to fix the waterproofing on the wall surface;
• make a frame from wooden bars impregnated with an antiseptic or a galvanized profile;
• lay mineral wool, preferably with a glued layer of foil;
• perform vapor barrier;
• install drywall trim.

As a vapor barrier material, you can use foam plastic, consisting of foamed polyethylene and aluminum foil. The canvases are laid end-to-end and fastened with staples, at the joints they are glued with foil tape.

Polyurethane foam is a synthetic two-component composition sprayed onto the wall. It is moisture resistant, vapor-tight, creates a monolithic surface without cold bridges. Insulation is used for any surface and effectively resists energy loss. A layer of material 5 cm thick is considered effective. From the side of the room, it is closed with a plasterboard partition. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of applying polyurethane foam.

1. Surface preparation, including removal of old finishes, cleaning and priming with an antifungal agent.
2. Glue is applied to the insulation boards over the entire surface, and not dotted like outside.
3. For better adhesion to the wall, the surface of the expanded polystyrene is pierced with a needle roller.
4. The glue should be thick enough to fill small bumps. The plates are tightly pressed against the wall. Installation is carried out end-to-end.
5. After the glue dries, after 3-4 days, the fastening is reinforced with dowels-umbrellas.
6. The joints of the plates are treated with mounting foam.
7. With the help of glue, a reinforcing mesh is attached to the surface of the insulation. Plaster is applied over the dried layer.

Comparing the two methods, we can confidently state that external insulation is more appropriate. It significantly reduces heat loss and protects the walls of the house from premature destruction.

Thermal insulation how to choose

The main task of any thermal insulation is to save the resources that are spent on heating the building and create a favorable environment for people to live. The durability of thermal insulation materials affects the service life of the structure as a whole.

Studies prove that the material can be in working condition for more than 50 years. The insulation production technology meets the highest international standards and is constantly being improved.

Paroc is a Finnish company and Rockwool is a company headquartered in Denmark. The production is identical, that is, these are competitors, and it is clear what good the consumer will get from this competition.

First of all, you need to pay attention to the overall quality and immediate convenience of working with a particular material. The defining property is the binder, it is it that helps to maintain the shape

What is the best material? This issue is often discussed in numerous construction forums, where the majority tends to conclude that Paroc is better. It is devoid of such a disadvantage inherent in Rockwool as shrinkage.

Its stable quality also speaks in favor of the parkas; for rockwools, it differs from batch to batch.