Fan riser device how to properly install and avoid mistakes

check valve

Installing a non-return valve on the downpipe can improve the efficiency of the system, in particular, prevent the backflow of gases. In addition, non-return valves reduce the risk of clogging the drain pipe.

Sewerage without a drain pipe equipped with a vacuum valve. will perform its functions, however, its usability and degree of reliability may be lower, therefore, the combined use of these elements is still recommended. In particular, with dried water in the siphon, the valve alone will not be able to get rid of the smell.

Valve on the pipe

Installation of a fan pipe is carried out at the stage of construction of the inner part of the sewer, it is quite possible to do it yourself with minimal skills

It is only important to strictly follow the recommendations of specialists and the requirements of building codes and regulations. The use of modern materials significantly reduces the complexity of work

Functional features

With a sharp discharge of a large volume of water into a pipeline of small cross section, pipes often break, water hammer. Therefore, a sewer pipe in a private house is an integral element of internal engineering networks. Due to its use, the sewerage system in a private house has an additional air flow, and additionally the design eliminates pressure drops.

An apartment building without a vent pipe can only function with the installation of a shower cabin, where the water flow is small. A standard bathroom refers to peak costs, during the discharge of effluents from a sanitary appliance, the pipe section is filled to the maximum, the flow of fresh air becomes minimal.

Functional features of fan pipes

A similar situation in houses without a vent pipe provokes flooding of the first floors of the building at the time of the mass draining of water. Installing an additional structure will extend the life cycle of the sewer riser, especially plastic, and will also even out the work of home ventilation in the sewer pipes.

Many craftsmen advise narrowing the diameter of the pipeline, citing the lack of costs in the attic of the house. Regulatory documents, as well as experience in the operation of engineering networks in the private sector and apartment buildings, forces us to abandon such manipulations.

Sewer pipelines from the sanitary unit, where the toilet is installed, are dictating. The toilet drain pipe has a cross section of 110 mm, the household sewer riser must repeat its size or be larger. If two toilets and two bathtubs are installed on the riser, it is necessary to carry out a hydraulic calculation of the throughput of the riser.

Recommended diameters according to SNIP

Sanitary norms and rules SNiP 2.04.01-85 regulate the following parameters of the riser exhaust system:

1. The diameter of the ventilation part must correspond to the size of the riser in a circle (clause 17.20).
2. In the upper part of the riser pipeline, there should be an inspection necessary to clean the sewer along the entire length of the riser.
3. It is permissible to combine several risers at the top with one exhaust pipeline with a slope of at least 0.01 in their direction.
4. When combining several risers, the diameter of the collection pipeline from the fan pipe and the ventilation outlet, depending on the number of plumbing fixtures in the building, is taken equal to:

• 100 mm with the number of devices not more than 120 units;
• 125 mm if the number of devices is not more than 300 pieces;
• 150 mm for up to 1200 devices;
• 200 mm if the number of plumbing fixtures exceeds 1200 units.

Rice. 6 Permissible volumes of wastewater discharge in non-ventilated risers, depending on their parameters SNiP 2.04.01-85

Pipe materials and diameters

Since the fan pipe in a private house is part of the system, it will be optimal to make it from the same material that is selected for the rest of the pipelines. In some cases, a combination of materials is allowed, but experts believe that the effectiveness of heterogeneous systems is significantly lower.

For the installation of the inside of the sewer in a private house, cast-iron or plastic pipes are used.

• Cast iron pipes have the required durability, however, if they are defective during processing or if they receive mechanical damage, they become susceptible to corrosion. In addition, the large weight of the products significantly complicates the installation, not only in terms of increasing labor costs, but also in terms of fixing the vertical sections of the pipeline.
• Increasingly, plastic pipes are used for the installation of internal sewer systems. which, in addition to low weight, have a number of other advantages, including strength, durability, absolute immunity to corrosion and the presence of a smooth inner surface that reduces the likelihood of deposits and blockages. Another advantage of plastic is a large selection of not only pipes of different diameters, but also the fittings necessary for the implementation of the developed scheme.

The choice of the diameter of the fan pipe is made taking into account the design features of the system. The main condition: the diameter of the fan pipe should not be less than the largest pipe (including branch pipes and bends) of the system.

Since in the vast majority of cases the largest sewer pipes are used to connect the toilet and have a diameter of 110 mm, the drain pipes are also installed with the same diameter.

Structural layouts

Modern sewer network solutions based on polymer pipes can significantly extend the service life of the system and simplify installation work. Sewerage in a private house without a fan pipe remains quite working, especially in houses with a small number of appliances and people, the standard system copes with the flow of effluents.

Typical location of fan risers in a private house

An unpleasant odor appears at times of high load, when most of the devices work at one moment. In such situations, many owners install additional aerators - ventilation valves, they compensate for the lack of air in the system. The installation of such equipment occurs at a level of 1–2.5 meters from the level of the finished floor.

The installed fan complex will provide a number of advantages:

• A working and independent ventilation system to remove odors from risers.
• Creation of a qualitative restriction of the inflow of water, with normalization of the air pressure inside.
• Providing functionality for several bathrooms located at different levels in a private house.

Such items will allow you to build the required riser, taking into account high-quality ventilation and ensuring the durability of functionality. The resulting sewerage will ensure the use of several full-fledged bathrooms.

This is true when a private house has independent and multi-level wastewater disposal options. There is only one way out in this situation - the masters can mount the system with one fan riser, the exhaust part of which will be combined. But the diameter of such a pipeline must correspond to the cross section of the working riser or be 50 mm larger.

Installation Requirements

Installation and replacement of a fan pipe is a rather complicated plumbing operation, for which a project and experience are required. In most cases, it is laid strictly vertically, and is removed through the ventilation duct in the roof. In rare cases, it is possible to bring the exhaust pipe horizontally through the walls of the upper floors. The installation requirements for this item are as follows:

• The diameter of the exhaust pipe must be equal to or greater than the diameter of the sewer riser so that there are no sections with a decrease in the section in the system.
• It must be vented vertically through the roof so that it is 30-50 cm above the ridge so that vapors and odors can be easily removed through the chimney.
• The beginning of the pipe should pass through the heated part of the house or be thermally insulated, and its upper part should be exposed to the cold. Due to this temperature difference, additional pressure is created inside the system.

Remember that, in fact, fan pipes are a continuation of the sewer riser, so they are made from special sewer pipes. If the lower part of the pipe passes through an unheated room, it must be insulated.

Materials for the manufacture and installation of a sewer pipe

The fan pipe is a continuation of the riser, therefore it is assembled from materials similar to it, most often they are PVC polyvinyl chloride or PP polypropylene. If we consider the further path of the system from the riser to the roof, that it consists of the following elements:

Fan pipe. The standard outer diameter of polymer riser pipes is 110 mm, their inner diameter, taking into account the wall thickness, is approximately 105 mm. A ventilation pipe is brought to the roof, having a typical outer diameter of 100 or 110 mm. To join the outlet pipe of the riser with the ventilation pipe, the following types of fan pipes are used:

1. Segments of ordinary PVC sewer pipes inserted directly into the riser pipe or connected to it through tees at different angles in case the ventilation outlet is too far from the riser pipe.
2. Rigid fan pipes of various configurations with an outer diameter corresponding to the sewer riser and inserted into its socket have an elastic cuff at the other end.
3. Corrugated pipes with a number of elastic cuffs (Fig. 1), designed for connection to a cut riser 110 mm without a socket, have one elastic membrane with a hole at the other end. This design is most often used to connect toilet bowls.
4. Corrugated pipes with two rigid pipes, one of which is inserted into the socket of the riser, and the second is worn over (inserted inside) the ventilation pipe (sometimes attached to it with a clamp). This design is most often used when ventilation passes through the roof.

Rice. 4 Ventilation outlets on roofs in a two-story house and their connection

Ventilation tube. It is an ordinary pipe section, located both separately and in a special design unit, designed for ventilation through the roof.

Protective cap. Typically, ventilation is brought to the roof and closed from above with an umbrella or deflector - a special cap that performs the following functions:

• Protects the canal from birds and debris getting into it.
• It enhances traction by redirecting wind flows, as a result, the efficiency of the hood increases by 15 - 20%.
• Protects the riser from atmospheric precipitation, clogging with snow and icing.
• Reduces the likelihood of reverse thrust.

Rice. 5 Dependence of the diameter of the sewer riser on the volume of discharge and design features of communications according to SNiP 2.04.01-85

Functional sewerage system without fan nodes

Sewerage in a private house without a fan pipe is carried out in one-story buildings with an operated basement, but the installation of a toilet bowl and a bathroom takes place only on the ground floor near the riser and outlet to the external sewer network.

Sewer water seal

The consumption of the washbasin or washing of the house system in this case is not dictating, such an amount of wastewater from sanitary appliances occurs irregularly and is not capable of affecting the operation of the system.

A private house is often equipped with grease traps, the equipment reduces the concentration of fats and organics in wastewater. Installation of such equipment involves regular flushing of pipes with hot water. Air valves will help compensate for the lack of oxygen.

The outlet of the valve is connected to the main pipeline from washing with fittings, the difference in marks protects the equipment from flooding during pipeline flushing.

Related video: Fan pipe for sewerage in a private house

https://youtube.com/watch?v=HkdNv_ydf8w

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Pipe materials

A sewer pipe for sewerage in a private house with a height of two, three or four floors is a decisive factor; in its absence, hydraulic valves of the upper sanitary appliances must be calculated for an additional load. In this calculation, it is necessary to take into account the second flow rate from the devices, the pipeline cross-section, local resistance and pipe material.

Depending on the temperature of the discharged water, as well as the requirements for the working strength of pipelines, specialists select and install the following pipes:

• Plastic, modern polymer or metal-plastic for gravity lines.
• Plastic, metal-plastic pipes of low-noise series for pressure pipelines.

How to determine what installation is required

A fan pipe is an optional, but highly desirable element of the sewer system, which perfectly stabilizes its operation. It is considered that installation is necessary, for all houses with a height of more than one floor

However, when designing sewers, it is important to take into account other secondary factors:

The diameter of the sewer pipes. If the diameter of the pipes of the sewer riser is less than 110 mm, then the sewage pipes for the sewer must be installed, since it is enough to drain the toilet bowl and the bathtub at the same time to fill the full volume of the riser.

If the septic tank is located in the immediate vicinity of the house. Even if the house is one-story, but the sewage tank is too close to it, you need to make sure with the help of a fan valve.
If the layout of the house suggests that it will have several bathrooms or baths that can potentially be used at the same time, then it is better to reduce the risk of a vacuum in the system.
If the house has plumbing fixtures that have a large volume of wastewater, for example, a swimming pool, a jacuzzi, a large bathtub.

Remember that the amount of wastewater is affected not only by the number of plumbing fixtures, but also by the intensity of their use. If there are two bathrooms in the building, located one above the other, but only one family lives in it, then it is unlikely that a fan pipe will be needed, but it definitely will not be superfluous.

When designing the sewer systems of private houses, many factors must be taken into account, ranging from the number of floors and devices that drain water into the riser, ending with the diameter of the pipes. Fan pipes are categorized according to their shape, diameter and the material used to make them. The diameter of the drain pipe depends on the diameter of the sewer riser. According to the material, they are divided into the following types:

1. Metal. Traditionally, the communication elements of the sewer system were made of cast iron. It is quite strong, durable and relatively inexpensive alloy.The disadvantages of this material are heavy weight and low ductility.
2. Plastic. Now, cast-iron fan pipes are gradually being replaced with plastic ones, since this material is much more plastic and easy to process. Plastic models are lighter, cheaper and much more practical than cast iron models, so they almost forced cast iron out of the plumbing market.

Please note! When installing or replacing a fan pipe, it is possible to connect cast-iron sections with plastic ones, the main thing is to choose the diameter of the pipes correctly so that in no case will there be a decrease in the section in the system.

The principle of operation of the fan pipe

With intensive draining of water, the flow rate in the sewer system increases sharply, as a result of which a zone of rarefied pressure is formed. Since, according to the law of physics, the pressure in a closed system tends to equalize, water from the outlets and siphons rushes into the rarefaction zone, which causes unpleasant and rather loud rattling and squelching sounds in the kitchen and bathroom. Fan pipes for sewerage provide instant air entry into the rarefaction zone, which eliminates the possibility of "sucking" water from hydraulic seals.

Toilets are often cited as the main cause of rarefaction, but it should be remembered that the flow rate can also increase significantly when a washing machine is running, which drains water under pressure. If you answer the question why a sewer sewer pipe is needed, in one phrase, we can say that such structures prevent the common clearance of the sewer riser from being blocked by the drained flow.

Installation of a sewer pipe in the house

Another function of the fan pipe is the removal of gases formed in the sewer system. Otherwise, they can get into the room, causing a lot of trouble.

What is a fan pipe and its purpose

A fan pipe is a pipe segment located at the highest point of the sewer, which ensures its connection with the ventilation outlet. Depending on the design of the sewer, the fan pipe can be located vertically or at an angle to the riser pipeline and perform the following functions:

• Ventilation. Any sewer system containing faecal matter produces unpleasant odors and, when it decomposes, explosive gases are released. Ventilation helps to avoid these problems, thereby ensuring the comfort and safety of living.
• Support for water seals. When a large amount of wastewater is discharged, they carry air with them and a vacuum is formed in the closed riser, which breaks the water seals. Access to the riser pipeline of atmospheric air from ventilation prevents this phenomenon.
• Plumbing connection. Sometimes the device is not used for its intended purpose, because the diameter of the toilet pipe is also well suited, as well as for ventilation. Therefore, with its help, this type of plumbing is often connected to the inlet sewer pipes.

Rice. 2 Schemes for connecting a sewer hood on the roof through fan corrugations and an insulated pipe section

Principle of operation

Any plumbing fixture in an apartment or residential building is connected to the sewer through a water seal - a water plug that prevents foreign odors from entering the room. All pipelines from sinks, bathtubs, showers and toilets are connected to the central riser, which runs from top to bottom through the entire building and has the highest diameter in diameter.

With the simultaneous discharge of water from plumbing fixtures into the riser, there is a high probability of a situation where the passage channel is completely clogged with a water plug.A column of water carries air with it and as a result of a discharge in a closed riser, the hydraulic locks of plumbing fixtures break down (more precisely, one of them with the least amount of liquid or closest to the riser), leading to the appearance of extraneous odors in the room.

The fan pipe allows you to connect the sewer system with atmospheric air, as a result of which the vacuum that appears draws in air masses from the outside, and not the water seals inside the premises.

Rice. 3 Examples of connecting a toilet bowl using a corrugated fan pipe

How to do without a fan pipe

The installation of a fan pipe involves its exit in individual and multi-apartment residential buildings through the roof, if this condition is easily feasible in public construction, then in the private sector there are great difficulties with the implementation of this plan, which also promises considerable financial costs. Since the riser and the fan pipe in a private house pass through all the rooms and into the attic through the roof, they will spoil the aesthetic appearance of the rooms, take up extra space, and create inconvenience when using housing.

Therefore, it is rational to use in this case the installation sewerage system without exhaust through the roof, and it exists in the form of a vacuum valve. The device is placed on the top point of the sewer riser, it works according to the following principle.

In the absence of a drain into the sewer, the sealing gasket hermetically blocks the passage channel, preventing the flow of fetid air from the riser into the room. As soon as the water is drained, the elastic diaphragm inside the vacuum valve is drawn in due to the vacuum, thereby opening the access of outside air to the riser. The pressure inside the pipeline is equalized and due to this there is no breakdown of hydraulic seals.

Thanks to the use of a vacuum valve, sewerage without a vent pipe, with the same efficiency, brings a number of significant advantages to the consumer from a constructive and financial point of view.

Rice. 10 Appearance and principle of operation of the vacuum valve

Structural solutions for the installation and removal of the vent pipe to the roof

When designing a house or carrying out reconstruction, it is important to choose the right location for the system and individual sewer units. Only in this case, the sewer outlet in a private house will function, regardless of the weather outside the window

If we are talking about a large temperature difference inside and outside the building, especially when the house is used all year round, and the climate has a long period of negative temperature, then the craftsmen install a node inside the building or connect electric heating.

Structural solutions for installation

Installation should be carried out inside the building, leading the riser above the level of the roofing. This will eliminate problems with freezing and give a reason to ensure the necessary functionality, regardless of weather conditions. In this case, the sewerage system will provide a number of regulatory requirements:

• Removal of an unpleasant smell.
• Condensation and freezing of pipes are excluded.
• Full functionality without water hammer at the time of peak flow.

In a situation where the owners of the house do not have the necessary free space for installing a fan unit indoors, experts advise installing the unit to the outer wall, sewing up the structure, and insulating it with mineral wool. An additional source of heat in this design is a heat cable.