Cesspool device
Before you build a toilet on the street with your own hands with a plastic septic tank, you should pay attention to the fact that the inlet must be in the booth, as a toilet seat will be attached to it. The neck is left outside the house, waste masses will be pumped out through it
The size of the pit should be 30 cm larger than the septic tank on all sides.
Making a square pit:
- At the bottom of the pit, drainage is made of broken bricks, large gravel or stones.
- The walls of the pit are covered with a chain-link mesh with a mesh size of 50x50 mm, it is fastened with metal brackets.
- To increase the strength, the walls are reinforced with an additional layer of mesh with a mesh size of 100x100 mm.
- The concrete solution is applied by spraying. Its layer should be 5-8 cm.
- After drying, the wall is leveled with a second layer.
The round pit option from old car tires is suitable for short-term use. Ideal for cottages visited on weekends and holidays.
Work plan:
- A pit is being prepared 20 cm larger than the diameter of the tires.
- A drainage layer 15 cm thick is laid.
- Tires are placed in the center in a pyramid.
- Crushed stone is poured around them and compacted.
By the same principle, metal barrels can be used. But this option will not last long, as a material prone to corrosion is used.
Rules and recommendations for arranging a toilet in the country
When building and equipping a toilet, you should consider:
| Name of the normative document, article. | Norms |
| SNiP: 30−02−97 Art. 6.8 | Minimum distance: From home to latrine = 12 m. Minimum distance: From well to latrine = 8 m. |
| Code of Administrative Offenses: Art. 8.6 | The use of a play closet, with an unsealed cesspool, the discharge of excrement into compost, is regarded as "DAMAGE OF THE EARTH" |
The norms have been studied and possible places for the construction of this structure are marked on the plan of the land plot. But when choosing a specific place, we will fulfill the aesthetic requirements: away from the eyes. If the site is located on a slope, then choose a place for the toilet at the bottom of the site.
The main task of the owner of the cottage is to build a toilet in such a way that the spread of an unpleasant odor is brought closer to zero. For this, various technological subtleties are used.
How to build a country toilet from different types of building materials general recommendations
In the construction of country toilets, various raw materials can be used, ranging from wood to concrete blocks. We bring to your attention several varieties of buildings.
Do-it-yourself wooden toilet for a summer residence with drawings
Many do not realize how interesting the designs of wooden outdoor toilets can be. With the help of drawings of toilets and the sizes prescribed on them, in the country it is easy to implement any of the models with your own hands.
A cabin in the form of a toilet-house for a summer residence is suitable for small areas PHOTO: rmnt-aqua.ru
Any version of the tile can be laid out on the roof. PHOTO: legkovmeste.ru
Variant of the classic birdhouse PHOTO: mastervdome.com
For each version of the country toilet, the drawings and dimensions will be different.
How to make a toilet in the country with your own hands from brick: interesting options
The stages of construction during the construction of a brick toilet do not differ at all from each other. This option looks rich and is implemented simply. As a result, the walls do not require additional finishing. Consider several types of do-it-yourself country toilets in the photo, which can be useful for arranging.
Very unusual optionPHOTO: domateplee.ru
Modern toilet and shower "two in one" with lightingPHOTO: roomester.ru
Do-it-yourself street toilet from concrete blocks: video
A latrine in a summer cottage can also be easily built from concrete or aerated concrete blocks. It is most optimal to make combined structures from such material: a country toilet with a shower. On the video you can see how the partitions should be arranged for the proposed option.
Dear readers, if you have any questions on the topic or something does not work during construction, be sure to ask. Do not forget to rate the publication and share your personal opinion.
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How to build an outdoor toilet with your own hands, building a wooden rural toilet
How to build a toilet outside in the yard? In general, this is a simple matter. Traditionally, a toilet house is built from edged boards, but can also be constructed from plywood sheets. In turn, it makes no sense to build sanitary facilities made of bricks on the site. It is convenient to use timber as a frame and strapping for the building, and concrete blocks are suitable for the foundation. However, the foundation can also be made of timber, if you take a material of greater length than the planned height of the booth.
Starting to create toilet drawings with your own hands, decide on its dimensions. The standard parameters of the house are as follows: height - 2100-2300 mm, length - 1000-1500 mm, width - 1000-1200 mm. The height of the seat usually varies between 450 and 500 mm, and its width is no more than 450 mm. The length of a homemade toilet bowl, as a rule, is equal to the width of the cubicle. If desired, you can install a classic toilet on the floor by making a small hole in the floor, but in this case, you will need to make an additional exit to pump out the cesspool. When planning the parameters of a summer toilet with your own hands, do not forget to put a door in its design, the height of which is usually 1800-1900 mm, and a small window. It can be inscribed in the door leaf or in one of the walls of the booth. Its shape and size can be very different depending on your wishes. As for materials, in this case we recommend using frosted glass. Before you build a toilet with your own hands on the site, determine its location. According to sanitary standards, the cabin should be located at a distance of 30 meters from the nearest well and at a distance of 15 meters from the house. The depth of the cesspool should not be more than the prescribed 1.5 meters, otherwise it is likely that harmful drains will fall into the nearby groundwater. The toilet should also not be located in the shade of trees, because. this will interfere with ventilation.
The location of the toilet on the site
First of all, you need to find out how close the groundwater is to the surface of your site. If groundwater is closer than 2.5 meters to the surface, then according to sanitary standards, a cesspool cannot be made. To save the situation in such a situation, a plastic container for sewage, located at a shallow depth, will help.
Secondly, do not locate the toilet in the lowlands, this can lead to the rapid filling of the cesspool during heavy rain, or during the period of snow melt.
Thirdly, consider the smell factor, no matter how well the toilet is insulated, unpleasant fumes will still seep out of the cesspool and spoil the air in the area. For this reason, it is best to locate the toilet away from housing and recreational areas.
Fourthly, the cesspool of any toilet needs to be cleaned, so when choosing a place for a toilet, consider the possibility of unhindered access to it by sewage equipment.
Cesspool machine
What is required to build
To build an outdoor bathroom, you need the following materials:
- wooden boards, bricks, blocks, etc. The choice of material depends on the type of house;
- screws and nails;
- metal corners. They will strengthen the design;
- corrugated board, slate for the roof;
- any insulation (for example, polystyrene or mineral wool);
- seat with a lid.
To equip a cesspool you will need:
- crushed stone, sand and cement;
- reinforcement for the foundation;
- metal chain. They cover the hole with it. Instead, the walls can be overlaid with bricks. You can also place concrete rings or large tires inside;
- concrete for plastering the walls of the lower part of the structure;
- metal staples for fixing the mesh.
Of the tools you need shovels, a hand drill, a hammer, a jigsaw, a puncher, rulers, a tape measure, a building level, a marker and a pencil.
Varieties of country toilets
Before building a toilet, you should choose its type. On the garden plot, you can build two types of bathrooms:
- with a cesspool;
- without a hole.
An outdoor pit toilet is a time-tested building. It consists of a furnished house and a cesspool located under it.
When filling, the pit is cleaned with a cesspool machine or independently manually. Some simply make a portable house and change the location of the building every 6-7 years. In this case, a new hole is dug, and the old one is filled in. After 6-7 years, the sewage will rot and the toilet can be returned to its original place.
A kind of toilet on the street with an equipped cesspool is considered a backlash closet. Its main difference is that the pit is sealed. This option is suitable if the building will stand near the house or groundwater is close to it.
Powder closet is made without organizing a cesspool. It is erected if groundwater is close to ground level or if the building is used infrequently. Instead of a pit, a container is used to accumulate sewage. Anything can play her role. It can be a barrel, a bucket, or an old tank. The volume of the selected container is determined based on the intensity of use of the toilet.
Every time you visit the powder closet, sewage must be covered with dried peat, as well as sawdust or ash. The container with "masking powder" should be inside the bathroom. When filled, the pit substitute is cleaned and its contents transferred to the compost. When using peat, sewage after a while turns into a good fertilizer.
Outdoor toilet designs
According to the method of disposal of sewage, these facilities are divided into three types:
- Powder closets;
- Toilets with a cesspool (septic tank);
- Water closets.
The first type of outdoor toilet is easy to arrange and operate. Its main part is a seat (stool), under which a removable container is installed. After each visit, a peat mixture is poured into it with a scoop, which absorbs liquid and unpleasant odors.
A significant drawback of this design is the small capacity of the bucket. For those who rarely visit the dacha, powder closet is optimal. If you plan to spend weekends on your site or your family has more than three people, you will often have to empty the container.
An improved version of powder closet is a peat dry closet, offered on the market today. It consists of a plastic case, inside which one or two containers are placed. A tank with a peat mixture and a dispenser is installed on top.
To eliminate unpleasant odors, the structure is equipped with an exhaust pipe leading to the roof of the cabin. Empty containers in such a toilet should be no more than once a week. This is achieved by separating the liquid and solid waste fractions.
When using a dry closet, the liquid enters a funnel located in the front of the body and is discharged through a tube into the ground or a plastic container located on the street. Dense fractions of sewage accumulate in the inner container.
Despite the advantages of a peat toilet over a classic powder closet (conversion of waste into fertilizer, good ventilation and extended use), many summer residents choose the option with a cesspool (septic tank). Its device is cheaper than buying an "advanced" dry closet, and the frequency of cleaning is 1-2 times a year.
At the same time, one should remember two serious problems that the cesspool can present to its owners if it is built incorrectly:
- Infection of the soil with pathogenic bacteria;
- Bad smell.
It is not enough to simply dig a large hole in the ground and put a closet over it. The sewage tank must be securely isolated from the ground. A concrete tank treated with a waterproofing impregnation is best suited for this purpose.
The second condition is the introduction of special bacteria into the cesspool. They quickly decompose sewage, disinfect them and eliminate odor. Dry concentrates of bacteria for septic tanks and cesspools can now be bought at any household supermarket.
The design of the backlash closet (air toilet) cannot be called too complicated. Its main part is a concrete pit with a hole. A booth is installed on it. To eliminate unpleasant odors, an exhaust pipe is placed on its back wall. Its lower end is in the pit, and the upper one rises above the roof. Due to the difference in height, thrust is formed. The air from the cabin is sucked into the pit and expelled into the atmosphere through a pipe.
Another popular option for a summer cottage toilet is a water closet. Its main part is the well-known toilet bowl with a flush tank. There is a water lock in it, which excludes the possibility of the smell coming out of the pit into the booth. Unfortunately, it is impossible to use such a system without heating, because in winter the water in the toilet and cistern freezes. Therefore, this design is designed for the warm season.
With the onset of warm days, the container on the roof of the booth is filled with water. The outlet channel is connected to the septic tank through a tee equipped with a vertical ventilation pipe.
Which toilet to build types and features
Actually, there are only two options here: with or without a cesspool.
A pit latrine is a simple, time-tested structure that consists of an equipped latrine and a toilet house above it. As the pit is filled with sewage, they clean it manually or order a sewage machine. And sometimes they just move the house to another place. The old pit is buried, and after 6-7 years its contents will finally rot and you can put the toilet back again.
Backlash closet - a kind of street toilet with a sewage pit, but with the difference that it must be airtight. Such a toilet has to be built if it is located close to the house, a water source, or when groundwater is high.
A toilet without a cesspool or a powder closet is equipped if the groundwater is very high or if the toilet is not used much. In this case, anything can be a container for collecting sewage, except for a pit (bucket, barrel, plastic tank). The required volume determines the intensity of using the bathroom.
After each trip to such a toilet, sewage is sprinkled with dry peat, sometimes sawdust or ash is used, so a box for “masking powder” should be provided in the house. After filling, the container is removed manually, and the contents are evacuated to the compost pit. If sewage was sprinkled with peat, then after a while they become a wonderful fertilizer.
How to do it yourself
Independent construction of a country street toilet consists of several stages. Let's consider them more carefully.
Cesspool
First, the selected area is cleared of plants and debris. Then you can move on to creating a cesspool. It must be square. The minimum depth is 2 m.
The bottom of the pit can be concreted.The walls are puttied, and the seams are smeared with bitumen. If an absorbent structure is needed, then the pit is dug to the sand. Through it, liquid sewage will quickly penetrate into the ground. Pebbles or gravel are placed at the bottom here. The walls are reinforced with a concrete structure, bricks, reinforced concrete rings. You can also put a large plastic tank in the pit.
From above, the pit is covered with bars, and then with slate. It can be concreted, leaving only a place under the toilet seat.
toilet house
The house itself is being built after the completion of work on the creation of a cesspool. It should extend 2/3 in relation to the bottom of the building.
If necessary, a shallow foundation is organized. Waterproofing and a couple of layers of roofing material are laid on it.
Instead of a base, you can use building blocks or dig 4 pillars in the corners. In the latter case, the pillars are placed in pits 60–100 cm deep. They are fixed with cement.
The optimal height of the structure is 2.2–2.5 m, and the dimensions are 1 × 1.5 m. The frame is erected from beams with a section of 8 × 8 or 5x5 cm. First, a rectangular support is displayed. A jumper is made in it. For better strength, jibs are mounted along its diagonals. On one wall, there is often room for a window. Strong corners are installed at the corners of the frame. Next, it is sheathed with boards.
After that, the seat frame is removed. Then boards are nailed to it. When using a floor-standing toilet, this item is not performed.
At the end, a roof is built from the boards. Waterproofing and roofing material are placed on top of them.
Ventilation and lighting
A plastic pipe with a diameter of about 10 cm acts as an exhaust hood. Its role is to remove an unpleasant odor from the pit. The pipe is inserted into the hole with the lower edge. Its upper edge is brought out 20 cm above the roof.
The pipe is fixed with special iron clamps. For traction, a special nozzle-deflector is installed on its head.
Lighting is provided for the use of the bathroom at night. If possible, electrical wiring is carried out in the structure and a small lamp is installed. Also, a flashlight on batteries or an accumulator can serve as a light source.
During the day, the light inside will penetrate from a small window or a hole in the door.
Door installation and interior design
A door made of plastic or wood is usually placed in an outdoor toilet. It can be completely done independently, using the remnants of the sheathing material. The door is hung on 2 hinges. To fix it in the closed position, a hook or a regular latch is attached outside and inside.
Following the above recommendations, you can easily and according to all the rules build a comfortable bathroom on the street with your own hands. With proper construction, such a design can be used without problems for decades.
Construction of a cesspool
After selecting and preparing the site, they begin to dig a cesspool. As a rule, it is square in shape, at least 2 meters deep. The cesspool is of two types:
Sealed. The bottom of such a pit is concreted, reinforced before pouring, and so that the reinforcement does not drown in concrete, it is placed on pegs. The walls are also sealed, puttied with a mortar or the seams are covered with bitumen.
Absorbing. It is better to dig such a hole to the sand, then the liquid fraction of sewage will be faster go into the ground. The bottom is covered with a layer of large rubble or pebbles.
There are several ways to strengthen the walls of a cesspool:
- Brickwork;
- concrete structure;
- Ready reinforced concrete rings;
- Plastic tank.
From above, the pit is covered, with bars, slate or concreted, leaving only the area under the toilet seat open, and they begin to assemble the toilet house.
We build a village toilet in the yard, we make a foundation for a toilet on the site
The first thing to think about before making a rural toilet is its foundation. The house can be placed on blocks or on makeshift piles that grow into supports for wooden walls.Here's how to do it. To install the blocks, first mark the site, and then dig holes in the corners. Pour sand into them and pour concrete mortar. Place a reinforcing mesh and a concrete block on top of the still liquid mixture. After that, you can start digging a cesspool and forming the lower trim of a village toilet in a summer cottage.
The second version of the base includes a foundation for a toilet, combined with a frame. To create such a structure, it is necessary to take four beams about 3000-3300 mm long and dig them into the ground to a depth of 1000 mm. For strength, they can be poured with concrete mortar. And so that they stand evenly during the drying of the cement, at the time of setting the mixture, it is necessary to support the racks on both sides. As soon as the cement is taken, the base can be supplemented with lower and upper trims, and then sheathed with boards or plywood. As you can see, the theory of how to build a toilet is quite simple. Get started and you'll be fine.
Do-it-yourself warm toilet in the country
The construction of any residential facility begins with the construction of a toilet, and the summer cottage is no exception. The construction of a country toilet is available for do-it-yourself implementation
It is necessary to take into account the basic requirements for this type of structures, and take into account the recommendations of specialists
Choosing the location of the country toilet
When organizing a street toilet in the country, one should adhere to the rules governing construction. More stringent requirements apply to structures with a cesspool. According to sanitary standards, the place reserved for the toilet must meet the conditions described below.
Its location is removed at a distance of more than 25 m from any source of water.
It is important to choose the right place for the toilet
If there is a slope of the relief on the site, the installation site of the toilet should be lower than the source of water intake. Thus, the penetration of effluents into the source is excluded.
The proximity of the building to the neighboring garden can cause discomfort, so it must be installed at a distance of at least one meter from the border of the plots, and the door should not open in the direction of the neighbors.
The toilet is located in a remote place from all objects located on the site. This applies not only to residential buildings, but also to a barn, a summer shower, a cellar, as well as trees and buildings where pets are kept.
The choice of the type of toilet construction is decisively influenced by the depth at which groundwater occurs. There are no restrictions if they are located on the horizon, the depth of which exceeds 2.5 m. Otherwise, it is not allowed to install a toilet equipped with a cesspool.
If it is planned to install a structure that provides for the isolation of soil from drains, then some of the restrictions are removed.
How to build a simple toilet for a summer residence on your own
Having decided on the waste disposal system (powder closet, cesspool, septic tank), you can begin construction.
The minimum internal dimensions of the booth are 1 meter wide, 1.4 meters deep and 2.0 meters high.
The basis of the structure, the step-by-step construction of which we will consider, is a wooden frame made of antiseptic bursa. It can be placed on a block foundation or on a shallow concrete "tape". A thick sheet of plywood or OSB board with a rectangular hole cut into it is attached to the frame from above.
Having assembled the base, the vertical racks of the frame and strapping bars are set according to the level.
Having made the frame, it is sheathed with plywood using a jigsaw and a screwdriver.
The next step is the installation of the roof rafters. They are made from a dry beam with a section of 5x10 cm, cutting it into the upper belt of the wall binding. In the upper part, the bars are connected to a horizontal ridge board.
Having completed this stage, the rafters are sheathed with plywood. This is the best base for shingles that will lay on the roof.
Having finished with the roof, proceed to the assembly of the "podium" frame. It will have a powder-closet storage tank and a hole for a seat with a lid.
The toilet door is assembled from a tongue-and-groove board fastened with transverse strips for greater rigidity.
After tying the doorway with a beam, a door leaf is attached to it with the help of hinges. Finishing operation - painting the closet booth from the outside and from the inside.
In conclusion, let's say that we considered the option of building a summer outdoor toilet. For the winter season, the walls from the inside must be insulated with foam plastic (minplate) and sheathed with any sheet material (plywood, OSB, board, plastic).
If you decide to bring light into the booth, then along the way you can increase the comfort of use at minimal cost. Install an electric fan heater. In just a few minutes, it will warm the air to a positive temperature.
The simplicity of the design allows even a person without much building experience to equip a toilet for a summer residence with their own hands. And if you connect fantasy, then a house for thinking about
fit perfectly into the design of the site and, perhaps, even become its decoration.
Construction of a toilet house
The standard dimensions of a country toilet cabin are 2.5 m in height and 1.5 m in width. Dimensions may vary depending on interior fittings. Before you make a toilet on the street, you need to equip the base on top of the prepared pit.
Construction of the foundation slab:
- Boards smeared with an antiseptic are laid on the pit, extending 80 cm beyond its limits.
- Do not forget that it is necessary to leave holes for pumping out the pit and drain.
- A formwork is being built and a plastic film is spread.
- A lattice of reinforcement is laid on top of it, not extending beyond the formwork.
- The structure is poured with concrete.
Frame Assembly Sequence
You can make a country toilet with your own hands from wood or metal profiles. A simple house is assembled from a 50x50 mm timber and 30 mm thick boards. It is installed so that access to the hatch of the cesspool is unhindered.
Instruction:
- A rectangular support with a jumper is assembled and screwed to the foundation.
- The floor board is laid.
- The height of the front wall must be higher than the back to ensure the slope. They are assembled from bars.
- Diagonal lintels are attached to the side walls.
- Door hinges and, if provided, a hole for a window are fixed on the front wall.
- The frame is sheathed with a board or profile sheets.
- A layer of waterproofing (roofing material) is laid on top.
- Slate is used as roofing material.
Interior decoration
A ventilation pipe is provided for the removal of gases. Its lower end is inserted into the pit, and the upper one rises above the roof by more than 20 cm. For these purposes, a plastic pipe with a diameter of 10 cm and iron clamps are used to fix it to the back wall. The draft is enhanced by a nozzle-deflector installed on the upper end of the pipe.
For a comfortable pastime in the restroom, internal and external lighting is provided. Hang a wall lamp that runs on batteries or electricity. In the daytime, light enters through a window or holes in the side walls. The roof can be made of transparent polycarbonate and not wired.
The cesspool will last longer if it does not become clogged. To do this, a bucket is placed near the toilet seat, and toilet paper and other hygiene products are thrown into the container as they accumulate.
Construction of a toilet house
The optimal dimensions of a country toilet are 1 × 1.5 m, height - 2.2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will simply be inconvenient, especially for people with large shapes. It is not necessary to make toilet drawings on your own, if there are no special requirements and ideas, you can use ready-made ones.First of all, the scheme is convenient in that it allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building materials and the preliminary cost of a yard bathroom.
frame base
The toilet house is recommended to be pushed forward 2/3 above the cesspool, thus providing access to it for cleaning behind the back wall of the structure. The stability of the building can provide a shallow foundation. Waterproofing is laid between it and the frame, 1-2 layers of roofing material. But for a light wooden building, it is not at all necessary. It is enough to install the base on concrete blocks. You can also put four support pillars. To do this, four pits about 60 cm deep are dug in the corners of the future structure, up to 1 meter in soft soils, and asbestos pipes are lowered into them. The pit is filled with cement mortar by a third. After that, a support beam is installed in the pipe, and the pit is completely filled with concrete.
Frame assembly
For the construction of the frame, it will be enough bars with a section of 50 × 50 or 80 × 80 mm, it is not advisable to take a larger material.
First, a rectangular support with a jumper is assembled, from which the front wall of the toilet seat will rise, and screwed to the foundation or support posts. A board is laid on top. The thickness of the floor board must be at least 3 cm.
- The frame of the front, rear and side walls is assembled from the timber. In this case, the front wall should be at least 10 cm higher than the rear, this will provide the necessary roof slope.
- For greater structural strength on the side and rear walls, it is recommended to make diagonal jibs.
- On the front wall, it is necessary to make a reinforcement for the door of the appropriate size and make a hole for the window.
- The wall frames are fixed on the base with metal corners, a strapping is made on top and at the level of the toilet seat.
The next step is to assemble the toilet seat frame and sheath it, unless alternative options are provided, for example, a floor-mounted toilet.
Frame sheathing
Sheathe the frame with wooden boards. The vertical arrangement allows you to significantly save material, and the horizontal one imitates a log house and looks more interesting. The boards are tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base. Instead of wood, they also use corrugated sheets, slate, or any other material that matches the construction budget.
Roof
The roof should not protrude beyond the walls by more than 30 cm. Installation begins with fixing parallel boards at a short distance. After that, the visor is sewn from below, the boards are attached from the outside around the perimeter. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the prepared base, usually it is roofing material, after which the structure is covered with any roofing material (slate, metal profile, bituminous tiles).
Summer residents who are not satisfied with the standard scheme of the house can find drawings of more interesting options, make it on their own or purchase ready-made toilet houses, they are assembled according to the type of designer, and for convenience, instructions and all accompanying drawings must be attached to them.
