Cast iron or stainless steel bath stoves Photo of beautiful cast iron stoves

Question from Science, Technology, Languages

molly
2015.06.19 06:14

Why is cast iron heavier than steel?

Even if the objects are the same shape.
The option about different densities does not roll: density is mass divided by volume.

drownedNICK

2015.06.19 07:09

User responses:1. Domracheva
2. Valya Semerenko
3. Hildebrand
4. Dahlmeier
5. Eckhoff
6. Bacon
7. Dunkley
8. Hinz
9… fits the description Flashback came out in 1992 and most recently it was developed in hd… Every person is the one and only. There was no such individual combination of genes in the world,

chemistry grade 9. there is a whole paragraph at the end of Rudzitis's textbook. but I hate chemistry, I can't help. and generally googling

hellowin

2015.06.19 08:19

User responses:This is the norm.

Well, yes ... of course ... After all, cast-iron batteries are heavier than iron ones ...
Approximately the same order of bulk density. But ... to obtain equal-strength parts from cast iron and steel (where possible), an iron casting will be significantly heavier than a steel one ...

Beauty_B_World

2015.06.19 22:27

User responses:I don’t order anything, I cook my own delicious and signature dishes. There is nothing better than cooked food.

And what prevents him from being heavier if they have a different chemical composition?

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CentilimeN_ihat

2015.06.20 08:13

User responses:God forbid!!!!

The question is interesting and ambiguous! There are more than 100 alloys themselves (due to various additives and additives), while there are only 10 cast iron!
For reference: steels come in the following crystal lattices (phase alloys): Ferrite, Austenite, Cementite, Graphite. Which already predetermines its future weight.
If the density does not roll, then we proceed from the following (weight of 1 liter in kg):
Iron (pure (well, almost 🙂)): 7.87 kg
Steel (black): 7.6-8 kg
Steel (stainless): 7.9-8.2 kg
Cast iron: 7-7.8 kg
While:
Lithium: 0.543 kg
…
Aluminum: 2.69 kg
….
Lead: 11.34 kg
….
Iridium: 22.5 kg
Osmium: 22.61 kg
Well, what is easier now: cast iron or steel with all its diversity ???
P.S. If you don't like unloading aluminum, go load cast iron!

Katerinka

2015.06.21 00:04

User responses:Demanding decent action from a scoundrel is too much .... I think that vacation on credit is not normal in any case. But this is my personal opinion .... The puppet will make a rapmage

Uh ... how does this option about density not roll ???

Density of iron 7.874 g/cm³
Cast iron density 7.1-7.4 g/cm³
Density of steel 7.85 g/cm³

Well, with what fright do you claim that cast iron is “heavier” than steel?

EXORCISED

2015.06.21 12:05

User responses:Not a drop of alcohol for almost 6 years. The hypermarket often arranges tastings of whiskey, cognac, and wine. Even

HijackingGirls3a60sec

2015.06.22 18:05

User responses:I want to drive my swallow from Belgorod to Baikal, but I don’t even want to go abroad. I live in Ukraine.

and no other options

Oxotnick

2015.06.22 21:59

User responses:Only with a positive ... Check if you took off your hat .... On the contrary.

Because steel is heavier than cast iron.
Steel 7700-7900 kg/m3
Stainless steel 7900-8200 kg/m3
Cast iron white 7600-7800 kg/m3
Cast iron gray 7000-7200 kg/m3

Because more lighter elements are added to cast iron.

NaRkAmAn_789

2015.06.24 09:57

User responses:To Denmark

steel will be heavier than an identical cast iron object, since the density of steel, depending on the grade, is approximately 7.86 g / cm3, and the density of cast iron is 7.00 g / cm3. And if you don’t care about density, then you are an idiot

VIDOK

2015.06.24 16:44

User responses:no, no and NO

PatAmushta is cast iron

NIGHTWOLF

2015.06.25 08:09

User responses:4th grade:)

well, steel is iron alloyed with other elements, or rather a mixture of alloy .... and cast iron is one iron with carbon

PERBI3CIK

2015.06.26 04:47

User responses:tell me how you can print an incorrectly formatted document, it is better to give illustrations in tiff (scanned)

Cast iron is a fairly fragile material, products made from it usually have a large thickness, all kinds of ribs, tides in the structure, etc. Given the low cost of cast iron, they do not save on its mass and volume.

The difference between steel and cast iron

Often used in everyday life products of the metallurgical industry are cast iron and steel. Both materials are a unique alloy of iron and carbon. But the use of the same components in production does not endow the materials with similar properties. Cast iron and steel are two different materials. What are their differences?

articles

To obtain steel, it is necessary to alloy iron, carbon and impurities. In this case, the carbon content in the mixture should not exceed 2%, and iron should not be less than 45%.

The remaining percentage in the mixture can be alloying elements (substances that bind the mixture, for example, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, and others). Thanks to carbon, iron acquires strength and ultimate hardness.

Without his participation, a viscous and plastic substance would be obtained.

Cast iron

In the production of cast iron, iron and carbon are also alloyed. Only the content of the latter in the mixture is more than 2%. In addition to the listed components, the mixture contains permanent impurities: silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur and alloying additives.

Differences

In metallurgy, a fairly large number of varieties of steel are distinguished. Their classification depends on the amount of one or another component in the mixture. For example, a high content of binding elements gives high-alloyed (more than 11%) steel. In addition, there are:

• low-alloyed - up to 4% binding components;
• medium-alloyed - up to 11% of binding elements.

carbon in the alloy also gives its classification to the metal:

• low-carbon metal - up to 0.25% C;
• medium carbon metal - up to 0.55% C;
• high-carbon - up to 2% C.

And finally, depending on the content of non-metallic inclusions that are formed as a result of reactions (for example, oxides, phosphides, sulfides), a classification is carried out according to physical properties:

• especially high quality;
• high quality;
• quality;
• ordinary steel.

This is far from a complete classification of steel. There are also types according to the structure of the material, production method, and so on. But no matter how the main components are alloyed, the result is a hard, strong, wear-resistant and deformation-resistant material with a specific gravity of 7.75 (up to 7.9) g/cm3. The melting point of steel is from 1450 to 1520°C.

Unlike steel, cast iron is more brittle, it is distinguished by its ability to collapse without noticeable residual deformations. At the same time, carbon itself in the alloy is presented in the form of graphite and / or cementite, their shape and, accordingly, the amount determine the types of cast iron:

• white - all the necessary carbon is contained in the form of cementite. The material is white at the break. Very hard but brittle. It is machinable and is mainly used to obtain a malleable variety;
• gray - carbon in the form of graphite (plastic form). Soft, excellent workability (can be cut) and has a low melting point;
• malleable - obtained after prolonged annealing of a white appearance, resulting in the formation of graphite. Heating (above 900°C) and the cooling rate of graphite adversely affect the properties of the material. This makes welding and processing difficult;
• high-strength - contains nodular graphite, formed as a result of crystallization.

carbon in the composition determines its melting point (the more it is, the lower the temperature) and the higher the fluidity when heated. Therefore, cast iron is a fluid, non-plastic, brittle and difficult to process material with a specific gravity of 6.9 (7.3) g/cm3.Melting point - from 1150 to 1250°C.

Conclusions TheDifference.ru

1. Steel is stronger and harder than cast iron.
2. Cast iron is lighter than steel and has a lower melting point.
3. Due to the lower carbon content, steel is better machined (welded, cut, rolled, forged) than cast iron.
4. For the same reason, cast iron products are made only by casting.
5. Cast iron products are more porous (due to casting) than steel products, and therefore their thermal conductivity is much lower.
6. Typically, art products made of cast iron are black and matte, while those made of steel are light and shiny.
7. Cast iron has a low thermal conductivity, while steel has a higher one.
8. Cast iron is the primary product of ferrous metallurgy, while steel is the final product.
9. Cast iron is not hardened, and some types of steel must be subjected to a hardening procedure.
10. Products from cast iron are only cast, and from steel - forged and welded.

How does it sound

An interesting feature is how to distinguish cast iron from steel by sound. The two alloys sound different. It is not at all necessary to produce musical accompaniment on the available experimental objects. But it is necessary to have both samples or to have an experienced ear in this matter. Steel is characterized by a higher density, which is reflected in its sound. When hitting it with a metal object, the sound is much more sonorous than in the same situation with cast iron.

In order to know how cast iron differs from steel, you need to have a little knowledge about these materials and some experience. After all, an experienced professional in the field of forging, grinding, milling, drilling, turning, heat treatment or welding, a metallurgist or a technician can easily distinguish them from each other, evaluating only visually or by touch.

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How to distinguish between cast iron and cast steel

The difference between iron scrap and steel scrap is not only in chemical composition, but also visual. To test the difference, you will need a grinding wheel, a piece of metal, a blowtorch, a protective mask and gloves.

Name the main mechanical properties of metals.

Mechanical
properties

may change over time. For many
materials (single-crystal, oriented
and reinforced plastics, fibers)
characterized by a sharp anisotropy of mechanical
properties. Although the mechanical properties
depend on the forces of interaction between
particles (ions, atoms, molecules),
constituting a substance, their direct
comparison with structural
characteristics is difficult due to
crystal defects. structures and
inhomogeneities inherent in real
substances. So the theoretical values
tensile strength,
components ~ 0.1 Young's modulus of the substance,
2-3 times higher than the achieved values
for extremely oriented fibers
and single crystals and hundreds of times for
real construction materials.

By
mechanical properties are distinguished
the following main types of materials:

1)
hard and brittle

(cast iron, highly oriented fibers,
stones, etc.), they are characterized by modules
Young's > 10 GPa and low elongations at break
(up to several %);

2)
hard and plastic

(pl. plastics. mild steels, some
non-ferrous metals), they are characterized
Young's modulus > 2 GPa and large discontinuous
elongation;

3)
elastomers
(rubber)
- low-modulus substances (equilibrium
elastic modulus of the order
0.1-2 MPa), capable of huge reversible
deformations (hundreds of%);

4)
viscoplastic media
,
capable of unlimited deformation
and retaining the shape given to them after
load relief (clays, plastic
lubricants, concrete mixtures);

5)
liquids
,
salt melts. metals, polymers and
etc., capable of irreversible deformation
(flow) and taking a given shape.
There are also various intermediate
manifestations of mechanical properties.

The development of industry and the creation of synthetic materials cannot detract from the merits and advantages of traditional materials. These include iron and steel. These are some of the oldest familiar alloys to human civilization.

The technology of repair and design work often includes various types of processing. It could be:

• mechanical
• chemical
• thermal
• electrolytic
• plasma and other types of processing.

Despite the fact that cast iron and steel differ from each other by a negligible difference in carbon content, the methods and methods of influencing factors on these alloys differ and require different methods of the same method of influencing the shape and structure of the metal.

Typical options for receiving how to rent scrap more profitably

To get the maximum benefit from the delivery of scrap iron, it is worth studying the situation with prices in your locality, choosing the most profitable offer. Of course, a lot depends on the volume of the delivered lot.

If there is a need to hand over old batteries, sewer pipes remaining after repair, you will have to do them yourself:

• dismantle,
• take out of the apartment
• load into transport
• take to the place of reception.

There are a lot of energy costs, but the revenue is symbolic: for a few tens of kilograms there will be no more than a thousand rubles.

If the delivered batch of scrap is impressive, more than 1000 kg, the following options are optimal:

As for dismantling, it can also be ordered, but it is necessary to focus on the scale of work and real benefits. For example, dismantling a cast-iron bathtub will cost an average of 1000-1500 rubles, and scrapping the bathtub will bring 500-600 rubles. It turns out that the owner of the bath remains in the red, and it is easier for him to order a free removal of the bath for disposal.

mini tender

Conducting a mini-tender is a good option to sell scrap at an attractive cost. This is a kind of competitive event, in which the owner of ferrous metal:

• announces the presence of a batch of scrap,
• its volume,
• quality,
• grade,
• invites collection points to name their price.

If the scrap is of good quality, with a minimum degree of clogging, of impressive batches in terms of weight, it is in demand, and the owners of ferrous metal collection points are unlikely to miss the opportunity to purchase your cast iron scrap.

A mini-tender can be announced in several ways:

• make an email newsletter;
• call the owners
• place an ad on the Internet - for example, on avito.

Delivery to resellers

This option is suitable for the delivery of small batches of pig iron (several tens of kilograms) - private collection points act as resellers, accepting:

• old batteries;
• baths;
• sewer pipes;
• frying pans;
• other items made of cast iron.

The price per kilogram of scrap in such cases is not higher than 7 rubles.

Dealers in the future, after a set of large lots, rent scrap at a more favorable cost.

Such firms will also accept your old refrigerator and other large appliances that you wish to scrap.

Although this option is not the most profitable, however, it allows you to get rid of unnecessary trash and things that have become unusable and get a small monetary refund.

Thermal shock and impact resistance

Cast iron and steel are often used in the manufacture of heating boilers. In this case, the issue of resistance to thermal shock becomes especially important. If cold water gets into a hot cast-iron boiler, it may crack. Thermal shock is not terrible for steel products. Steel is more elastic and perfectly tolerates temperature differences. But large and frequent temperature drops in steel contribute to the appearance of “tired” zones and, as a result, cracks in places that are weakened by welding.

Good ductility makes steel products resistant to mechanical damage. The brittleness of cast iron inevitably leads to the formation of cracks during impacts or distortions.

Gray cast iron has a more uniform structure, increased ductility and anti-corrosion properties, and is able to withstand large temperature fluctuations.

1. Cast iron is less durable and hard than steel.
2. Steel is heavier and has a higher melting point.
3. The lower carbon content in steel, unlike cast iron, makes it easier to process (cook, cut, forge).
4. For a similar reason, cast iron products are produced only by casting, while steel products can be forged and welded.
5. Steel products are less porous than cast iron, and therefore their thermal conductivity is much higher.
6. Products made of cast iron are, as a rule, black and have a matte surface, while those made of steel are light with a shiny surface.

What furnaces are used for steel smelting

Cast iron
converted into steel in various
operating principle of metallurgical
units: open-hearth furnaces, oxygen
converters, electric furnaces.

Martenovskaya
oven (martin) -
melting
furnace for the processing of pig
pig iron and scrap into steel desired chemical
composition and quality.

Martenovskaya
furnace (Fig. 3) according to the device and principle
work is flaming reflective
regenerative oven. In the smelter
space is burned gaseous
fuel or oil. Heat
to produce steel in molten
state is provided by regeneration
furnace gas heat.

Cast iron pan

Cast iron utensils have been used since the 4th-7th centuries BC. For a long time, cast-iron goods were the most practical, durable, and even inherited.

Cast iron is used to prepare sauces, cereals, soups, everything that requires long heat treatment at low temperatures. The composition contains iron, carbon, phosphorus, silicon, which guarantees reduced thermal conductivity, due to which the container is smoothly heated along the walls and bottom. At the end of cooking, it is recommended to remove the dish from the heat and let the food brew.

Advantages of cast iron:

1. Long service life.
2. Over time, a natural non-stick coating develops.
3. Food will not burn if properly used and cared for.
4. High wear resistance, resistance to deformation, keeps its shape at different temperatures.
5. You can cook a variety of dishes.

Now for the weaknesses:

1. Weight, the material is quite heavy.
2. There is a risk of rust, but this can be avoided enough by wiping dry after washing and warming up before cooking.
3. Fear of an acidic environment, it is better not to cook, for example, dishes with tomatoes.
4. It is not recommended to leave food in the dishes, metal tends to absorb odors.

Choose a cast iron product with a flat bottom, without sagging, recesses. The online store https://posudaprima.ru offers a wide range of kitchen utensils, including cast iron products.

How to distinguish cast iron from steel at home

The development of industry and the creation of synthetic materials cannot detract from the merits and advantages of traditional materials.These include iron and steel. These are some of the oldest familiar alloys to human civilization.

The technology of repair and design work often includes various types of processing. It could be:

• mechanical
• chemical
• thermal
• electrolytic
• plasma and other types of processing.

Despite the fact that cast iron and steel differ from each other by a negligible difference in carbon content, the methods and methods of influencing factors on these alloys differ and require different methods of the same method of influencing the shape and structure of the metal.

Factors affecting the processing of steel and cast iron

In order not to waste money and resources, it is very important to know how to identify cast iron or steel.

• Selection of welding electrode
• drill sharpening angle
• drilling and milling mode

These are not all the factors that can complicate the life and work of a person who has incorrectly determined the type of metal. Reducing mechanical, strength and violation of guaranteed overhaul intervals is a much greater evil that can damage production and the budget in case of an error.

Visual Definition

How can you distinguish cast iron from steel visually without resorting to destructive control methods.

If there is a question about welding a cracked section of a part or even a piece that has fallen off, then it is possible to investigate the breakage or structure of the crack.

The metal on the broken cast iron part will most likely be dark gray with a matte finish. Under the same conditions, the steel fracture will have a light gray, almost white color, with a glossy sheen.

The nature of cracks on the surface of high-carbon alloys is similar to a crack on earthenware, low-carbon alloys are prone to plastic deformation and for this reason the crack has the form of a rupture of a plastic material.

Only cast iron can be distinguished by surface defects, which was poured into a mold at a low temperature, was not processed later, and a decorative paint layer was not applied. On such a product, hemispherical fine grains are noticeable, formed as a result of not spilling due to low temperature.

Do not forget about the correct visual method of determining the material. Soviet, modern and foreign GOSTs require the presence of material markings on all cast products. On domestic casting, the badges are MF, HF, HF - in front of you is cast iron. L45, 45KhL, 110G2S - indicates the use of steel casting for this element.

Mechanical determination by drilling

Ductile cast iron with nodular graphite is very similar in quality and visually to steel products. It is not entirely justified and reasonable to check the product by tearing it on a tensile machine.

To do this, you can select a non-working, inconspicuous area on the product and drill it not to the full depth with a drill of the minimum diameter. The structure of cast iron is such that the chips are not able to form into a twisted loach. Inclusions of graphite, even if they are not visible, crumble the chips at the stage of its formation.

Steel shavings are capable of forming a loach more than the length of the drill itself, and does not crumble in the hands. At fast speeds, it has a tint color on the surface.

Mechanical determination by grinding

You can approach the issue of determining the material using a grinder (angle grinder). As in the previous method, we select a section that is not a friction plane, pad, or other important design element. With the machine turned on, we come into contact with the surface under study and follow the shape and color of the sparks.

In cast iron, this will be a short spark with a reddish tint on the sprocket at the end of the track.

In metal work, the sheaf of sparks will be comparatively larger, the tracks will be longer, and the sparks will be dazzlingly white or yellow.

This material does not cover exotic methods for home use:

• spectral analysis
• microscopic analysis
• weighing and volume determination.

But for home needs, the above methods are more than enough. Regardless of the method and method of determining the material, try to use diagrams, drawings and other information for your unit or product. The amount of information on the World Wide Web is overwhelming and can reach the most remote corner of a workshop or garage.

Corrosion resistance

Obtaining pig iron from ore.

Cast iron in the process of use is covered with dry rust on top. This is the so-called chemical corrosion. Wet (electrochemical) corrosion attacks cast iron more slowly than steel. Initially, the conclusion suggests itself that the anti-corrosion characteristics of cast iron are much higher. In fact, both of these alloys are equally susceptible to corrosion, it's just that in relation to cast iron products, due to thick walls, the process takes longer. This, for example, can explain the difference in the service life of boilers: steel - from 5 to 15 years, cast iron - from 30 years.

In 1913, Harry Brearley made a discovery in the field of metallurgy. He found that high chromium steel had good resistance to acid corrosion. This is how stainless steel was born. It also has its own gradation:

1. Corrosion-resistant steel is resistant to corrosion in elementary industrial and domestic conditions (oil and gas, light industry, engineering industry, surgical instruments, household stainless utensils).
2. Heat-resistant steel is resistant to high temperatures and aggressive environments (chemical industry).
3. Heat-resistant steel is characterized by increased mechanical strength at high temperatures.

Expert answers

Irina Tikhova:

I have an ordinary stove, and cast-iron grates

Vladimir Ptokhov:

Good question! I have glass ceramics, and steel grates made of stainless steel 18/10.

Larisa:

I can’t stand the cast-iron grate, I have an association with the village like in an oven, I don’t know why, we had a cast-iron one and it burst, we bought an iron one, drilled two holes and fixed it.

Bundes:

I have glass-ceramic, vestel stove, stainless steel gratings. I really like it, but this is an electric stove, and before we had a GEFEST gas stove, I really liked it, there are also stainless steel grills.

Runaway Bride:

I have a zanusya, with enameled gratings. I'm quite satisfied. 3 years now and no complaints.

Irina Vedeneeva (Burlutskaya):

I have BOSCH glass ceramics with enamelled gratings. I like.

Sasha Sh.:

Don't be smart. Or are you in need of some incredible wonder stove? If yes, then you need “something like” Gaggenau and the amount is much more ... Therefore, choose a “simple” technique: it will do everything that is supposed to be according to the standard, and its repair (with all brands can happen) will cost an order of magnitude Cheaper than "cool" brands.

Of course, it is preferable to have an electric oven (more precisely, temperature control), but it is unlikely that your tariff for email. energy will be as low as in homes where electric cookers are used

Electronic control (display in particular) runs on electricity. Depending on the models, batteries or accumulators are used to save the set parameters (clock, timer, etc.) when household appliances are disconnected from the electric. networks.

Plates that perfectly match your needs. Gorenje GI 62396 DW Gorenje GI 62396 DX Gorenje GI 62396 DBR

market.yandex /catalogmodels.xml?CAT_ID=105942&hid=237420

14:

I would take Kaiser, because they come from a German assembly, this is a big plus. Kaiser HGG 60501 market.yandex /model.xml?hid=237420&modelid=1578395 market.yandex /model.xml?hid=237420&modelid=1578394 I think Electrolux is also good.

Simply Beauty:

Miele. siemens-bosch do not recognize other options. Cast iron is better, but fragile, of course, I think now the Germans have better cast iron, I myself am faced with a choice, but the parameters allow me to alternate between gas and electric or induction))) but I will choose all the same cast iron, it is very nice looking at the stove. And beauty requires sacrifice, and by the way, cast iron is brewed with argon welding. find welding specialists))) good luck

Elina:

That's certainly not Hephaestus !!!!

Katerina Yakubovich:

Take Kaiser. They are only assembled in Poland (HANSA), and the company is registered by Russians in Germany. According to the technical characteristics, the best option is price - quality. Without bells and whistles such as a grill or electronic control (which flies first). Auto ignition and gas control in the oven - that's what you need. The oven is excellent. Have a good shopping!