The stoves are old, the tenants are poor, the doors are iron, why gas explodes in houses
Odnoklassniki "Blue death" in our homes: how to stop household gas explosions In Russia since the beginning of the city. During this period, 31 people died, were injured, managed to be rescued. The tragedy in the Moscow restaurant Il Pittore on Nakhimovsky Prospekt, which occurred on January 9, claimed the lives of three people, more than 40 were injured. As a result of an explosion in the Volgograd restaurant "Bellagio" on February 14, 20 people were injured. As a result of the accident, which occurred due to an increase in pressure in the gas system, 1,000 residents were left without gas. 10 people died, dozens were injured, more people were left homeless. This time in the St. Petersburg restaurant "Harbin", where 12 people were injured. 5 people died, 11 were injured. Look at the root Of course, the tragedy in Astrakhan became the most resonant in this sad chronology. Only after it did it become obvious to everyone, including the government, the need for changes in the legislative framework to ensure the safety of the VDGO in-house gas equipment.
Accounting for gas consumption by meters
In most cases, it is quite profitable to install gas meters. Especially for those citizens who spend it only for cooking. But there are a number of requirements for metering devices that must be observed:
- must comply with the regulation on the acceptable type of use;
- installed by specialists and subject to sealing;
- has a period of use, after which it is subject to verification or replacement.
The responsibility of the consumer also includes monthly fixing of meter readings and payment for the amount of gas that was consumed. As a result, the amount payable is formed from the volume of the consumed resource multiplied by the tariff applied for a particular consumer.
Every month, before the 10th day, the subscriber is obliged to transfer the current meter readings to the Service Provider. For payment, the difference with previous readings is taken, and this value is the volume of gas consumed per month.
If the subscriber did not report or was late, then the average value is used for calculation. For this, the average readings for the past annual period are taken and divided by the corresponding number of months. This calculation method can only be applied for no more than three consecutive months. Further, the amount according to the standard will be calculated.
There are also a number of conditions depending on the type of gas appliance:
- for meters installed inside a house or apartment, as well as outside, but equipped with a temperature compensation device, the difference between the current readings and the previous ones is taken;
- for meters placed outdoors and not having a temperature compensation device, the resulting difference between the readings is multiplied by the temperature coefficient. In each region, it is set monthly for the entire heating period.
For example, for the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, the temperature coefficient is:
Chemical composition
The main part of natural gas is methane (CH4) — from 70 to 98%. The composition of natural gas may include heavier hydrocarbons - methane homologues:
- ethane (C2H6),
- propane (C3H8),
- butane (C4H10),
- pentane (C5H12).
Natural gas also contains other substances that are not hydrocarbons:
- hydrogen (H2),
- hydrogen sulfide (H2S),
- carbon dioxide (CO2),
- nitrogen (N2),
- helium (He) and other inert gases.
Pure natural gas is colorless and odorless. To facilitate the possibility of determining gas leakage, odorants are added to it in a small amount - substances that have a sharp unpleasant odor (rotten cabbage, rotten hay, rotten eggs). The most commonly used odorants are thiols (mercaptans), such as ethyl mercaptan (16 g per 1000 m³ of natural gas).
Will household gas be banned in residential buildings?
General provisions 1. Instructions for the safe use of gas to meet household needs, further - The instruction was developed in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 14, N "On measures to ensure safety when using and maintaining in-house and in-house gas equipment" Collection of legislation Russian Federation, , N 21, art. Briefing on the safe use of gas to meet domestic needs 2. Primary briefing should be carried out after the conclusion of an agreement with a specialized organization for the maintenance and repair of VDGO and or VKGO. There is no fee for the initial briefing. Primary briefing should be carried out by a specialized organization before performing work on the initial start-up of gas, including a cylinder with liquefied hydrocarbon gas, further - an LPG cylinder in the VDGO and or VKGO, as well as in the following cases: before the owners of the users move into those belonging to them on the right of ownership on another legal basis gasified living quarters, unless these persons have a document confirming that they have passed the initial briefing; when transferring existing household gas-using equipment from one type of gaseous fuel to another; when changing the type of type of household gas-using equipment used; when transferring existing household equipment for the purposes of food preparation, heating and or hot water supply from solid fuels coal, firewood, peat to gaseous. Initial briefing should be carried out at the location of the VDGO and or VKGO by an employee of a specialized organization that meets the requirements established by the Rules for the use of gas in terms of ensuring safety when using and maintaining in-house and in-house gas equipment when providing utility services for gas supply, approved by a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 14 Mr. N Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, , N 21, art.
Useful video:
Why gas explodes in residential buildings
In different countries, different gas fuels are supplied to homes: natural gas, including gas condensate, methane methane, CH4, propane propane, C3H8. Both methane and propane are commonly found in natural gas, a mixture of hydrocarbons. Gas can be falsified - diluted like milk, extracting valuable substances: Can the gas supplier add something to the gas so that the gas meter shows more, the main thing is that gas consumers are satisfied Probably, the number of storeys of gasification depends on the seismic risk of the area, the design of buildings. I know a storey gasified tower house in the city of Varna, Bulgaria, with a stairwell in the middle
However, the toxicity of methane is greatly exaggerated; it is almost impossible to get poisoned by inhaling it. Where, then, do the dead in gassed rooms come from? Victims of gas die not from poisoning, but from banal suffocation. Natural gas contains carbon dioxide, which displaces oxygen from the environment. It is because of this that it is very difficult to breathe in gassed rooms, and sometimes, in the absence of ventilation, it is simply impossible. The main danger of methane is its fire and explosion hazard. These characteristics depend on many factors, in particular on ambient temperature and pressure. It is impossible to determine the percentage of methane in the air; this requires specialized measuring equipment.
Add to Flipboard Magazine. Daily KP Newsletter. RU Comments: comments22 Due to the frequent explosions of old gas equipment, the issue of banning the use of gas stoves in residential buildings is being raised.And in old houses, install a system that automatically shuts off the gas in the event of a leak.
Russia Gas supply as a risk factor for residential buildings in Russia Dozens of people become victims of household gas explosions in Russia every year, but the authorities are in no hurry to solve this problem, experts say. What's the matter - understood DW. Consequences of a gas explosion in a residential building in Volgograd, December Dozens of people die from domestic gas explosions in Russia every year.
Domestic gas explosions are a direct consequence of the failure of the housing and communal services reform On the morning of January 14, an explosion of a gas-air mixture occurred in an apartment on the top floor of a nine-story residential building in the city of Shakhty, Rostov Region, and four apartments on the ninth and eighth floors were destroyed. Shakhty, Rostov region, January 14 The investigation is still studying the versions of the New Year's explosion in a residential building in Magnitogorsk, which claimed 39 lives, and rescuers are already working in the Rostov region. If in Mines, as in Magnitogorsk, an explosion occurred on one of the lower floors, and not on the top ninth, a piece of the house would also collapse immediately, and there would be more victims. However, the threat of further collapse of the house remains. Domestic gas explosions in Russia claim more lives than terrorist attacks. And they happen much more frequently.
Why does gas explode so violently in residential high-rise buildings?
To turn on the column in the water heating mode, the following conditions must be met - the presence of water in the water supply system and sufficient pressure, the presence of draft in the chimney to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning of people during its operation, and sufficient pressure in the gas supply system. The chimney is used to remove the products of combustion gas outside the room. The burnt gas releases heat, which is transferred to the cold water flowing through it. At the outlet, water is heated to the desired temperature for domestic needs. The ignition unit allows you to ignite the gas when a command from the automation unit is given. Basic rules for gas safety in everyday life In order for the use of gas appliances in everyday life to bring only benefit, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the rules for the safe operation of gas appliances: Have the equipment checked annually by qualified specialists Constantly check the draft in the room where the gas appliances are located Do not block the ventilation grilles in winter Do not leave working devices unattended After the end of use, close the taps on the devices and the valves in front of them. If you smell gas in the room, do not turn on the light, do not use open fire. Open the doors, vents and ventilate the room, then call the emergency gas service to inspect and fix the leak.
