Insulation of the roof of a wooden house from the inside

attic floor

Attic insulation will help to do without insulation of the truss structure, if the attic is non-residential, it can be used as a utility room. On the other hand, insulation of the ceiling surface will protect the floor located lower than the attic from heat loss as much as possible.

Work is carried out according to the following technology:

• All cracks, voids between the floor beams, the ceiling are filled with felt, tow, and mounting foam is used;
• After that, the attic is lined with a vapor barrier membrane;
• The selected insulation is laid on top, while there should be no gaps or gaps between the layers;
• Then a layer of expanded clay is poured, which is good because it has the ability to retain heat, absorbing noise, vibration;
• The finishing layer is a sand-cement screed, a layer of roofing material, another synthetic analogue, after which you can lay a wooden floor, lay chipboard.

If the building is old, before organizing the insulation, the roof is carefully inspected for cracks, the general condition of the ceiling. If necessary, rotten beams are replaced, wood parts are treated with moisture-, fire-resistant compounds, antiseptics against mold and insects. When the impregnations dry out, before sheathing the attic, preparatory work is performed.

If there was a heater on the surface that has not lost its properties, a new layer is laid on top. For example, if the original subfloor was made of sawdust and clay, you can mount the crate, lay mineral wool mats. If the old insulation has become unusable, it should be completely removed, lay a new one and sew it up.

Wooden house and roof insulation

Initially, the device of a gable roof cannot resist the ingress of moisture into the house, and the preservation of heat leaves much to be desired, respectively, the master will need to do both hydro and thermal insulation with his own hands. If everything is left as it is, then almost a quarter of the heat loss for the whole house will relate specifically to the roof.

Thermal insulation of the roof of the house

The specific material is selected in advance, based on the allocated funds for repairs, as this decision can significantly change the final estimate. Specifically for a wooden room and a roof on it, stone mineral wool is suitable. Which vapor barrier is better does not matter, since the characteristics of the materials are approximately the same.

The material is purchased either in the form of solid mats or in the form of separate plates, the size of which is selected from the distance between the rafters. In any case, all created gaps are additionally sealed with sealant. You also need to take into account that the mineral wool device is such that after some time the material will shrink. A waterproofing layer is applied from above - individual layers are placed with an offset, and the resulting joints are treated with a sealant

Special attention should be paid to building tape, since it is very difficult to replace the potential insulation with your own hands

The material itself must have a porous structure so that it can "breathe", since a certain part of the moisture will still accumulate in it. The fact is that in warm rooms, in any case, water evaporation will rise up, and one should not forget about the difference in temperatures, which is characterized by the appearance of condensate. The device of superdiffusion membranes makes it possible not to let water through, but allows steam to escape.

Waterproofing can be provided by installing a reinforced film or polyethylene with your own hands, but then you need to leave a small space between the insulation and its layer.This is required for the wooden house itself, so that air flows freely move through it - otherwise, deformation of the wood, the appearance of mold, fungi, and rotting are inevitable. Much depends on certain operating conditions, but it makes no sense to make such a gap more than 10 cm.

The material will be fixed to the rafters with a construction stapler, and from the inside the roof is insulated with a layer without gaps and joints. The device of a wooden house involves the creation of a vapor barrier layer, otherwise the roof will suffer from rotting. It is required to cover the insulation from the opposite side, where the waterproofing layer is located, and the specific material is selected individually.

What is dew point

Assume that at a given temperature, the relative humidity of the air is 60%. This means that the air contains 60% of the maximum possible amount of water vapor that the air can “hold” when fog is not yet formed and dew does not fall. If the temperature drops, then the relative humidity - with the same absolute amount of steam - will become higher. With a further decrease in temperature, relative humidity will reach 100% - they say that the "dew point" has been reached. This will start the condensation.

If a cold object is brought into a room where the relative humidity of the air at a temperature of 20-25 ° is 50-60% in winter from the street, it will immediately fog up, since the air near its surface will cool below the “dew point” and condensate will fall.

The same thing will happen if the warm air from the room penetrates into the thickness of the insulation (for example, mineral wool) adjacent to the cold roof. As the air cools, the relative humidity will rise until it reaches 100%, and then moisture forms in the form of condensate droplets, which, upon further cooling, will freeze, and the insulation will gradually turn into an ice.

To prevent this from happening, you need to solve two problems:

1. do not let steam from a warm room into the thickness of the heat-insulating material;
2. if the steam somehow got there, then immediately take it outside.

Features of a warm roof device

If you want to create a high-quality and reliable roof, under the arches of which there will be a warm and cozy attic, suitable for all-season living, then take care of forming the right roofing “pie”, consisting of several insulating layers.

In order for the attic room to be warm even in winter, it is not enough to form a powerful heating system in the house

It is important to conserve the heat generated by the heaters by protecting the walls and roof of the house from its loss.

A high-quality roofing "pie" consists of three layers, arranged in a certain order.

With the outer layer, located directly under the roofing material, it is necessary to lay the waterproofing, then the insulation, and complete the work by pulling the vapor barrier.

Some builders prefer to supplement the roofing cake with a soundproofing layer.

All layers of the roofing cake can be laid both outside the house and inside it. The first method is preferred for homes located in warm climates.

If precipitation outside the window, or work aimed at erecting a roof, is carried out in winter or in autumn, then it is better to lay the layers of the roofing cake from the inside of the room so as not to wet the thermal insulation.

The vast majority of thermal insulation materials are susceptible to moisture, so it is strictly not recommended to install them without using a waterproofing layer.

It is necessary to protect the thermal insulation from moisture not only from the outside, creating a layer between the insulation and the roofing material, but also from the inside of a wooden building.

It is best to use high-quality vapor barrier membranes that will protect the insulation from condensate that forms within the room and rises to the roof.

In order to minimize the dampening of thermal insulation, which will lead not only to the destruction of the material, but also to an increase in its thermal conductivity (and therefore to the loss of the necessary properties), high-quality forced ventilation should be organized in a wooden house.

Properly laid ventilation ducts will help to remove moist air outside the building.

For attics and attic rooms intended not for living, but for storing various items, it is not required to form forced ventilation.

What is needed to insulate the roof from the inside

The structure, which the builders among themselves call the "roofing pie", which provides insulation of the roof from the inside with their own hands, consists of several layers. Its classic version contains:

• Roofing material.
• Solid covering or lathing for roofing material.
• Counterframe to create a gap for ventilation.
• waterproofing material.
• Thermal insulation material.
• Vapor barrier layer.
• Frame for interior trim.
• Finishing material.

Such a complex will prevent the loss of thermal energy in the cold months and excessive heating of the attic in the hot months of the year. In addition, only such a constructive solution can extend the life of the insulation by preventing the ingress of water vapor from the inside and condensate from the outside of the attic floor.

Insulation of the roof of a wooden house, what are the options

In fact, there are only two options: insulating the roof of a wooden house during the construction process, or, which often becomes necessary, increasing the thermal insulation properties of the roof of an already finished house. In the first case, the use of insulation should be included in the project and, accordingly, the work should be carried out immediately at the time of laying the roof. However, such foresight is necessary only when the architect was commissioned to design a house with an attic. It often happens that residents have a desire to turn an attic into a living room, which is far from always insulated, because usually they try to provide low thermal conductivity to the ceiling above the living quarters.

So, we faced the problem of roof insulation, which before that was only a protection from the weather. And, therefore, it is necessary to find ways to solve the problem that has arisen with minimal damage to the roof (this is to the fact that it would be undesirable to completely dismantle this very roof). Therefore, we will proceed from the structural features of the roof, as well as the climatic conditions of the area. The first step is to review the condition of the rafters, which must be unconditionally replaced if rot, severe cracking or signs of woodworm activity are found. If there are no serious deviations from the norm, it is still desirable to carry out antiseptic treatment for prevention. Next, we proceed directly to the insulation work. For a pitched roof of an already operated house, they are carried out only from the inside, and for a flat roof they can be performed both from the inside and outside.

The nuances of installing roof insulation

Before proceeding with the installation of the roofing pie, you should decide in what order its layers will be laid.

Some types of materials, for example, polystyrene, are easier to place in niches formed by batten beams, carrying out work while not outside, but inside the room.

However, it is far from always possible to carry out the installation of these materials in accordance with the technology, especially when the roof is already nailed to the crate frame.

Thermal insulation of the roof of a wooden house is carried out using the following materials and tools:

• hammer, screwdrivers, self-tapping screws;
• furniture stapler and staples;
• building level, ruler;
• sharp construction knife;
• self-curing sealant, etc.

To fix sheets of mineral wool or foam plastic in niches formed by the intersection of the beams of the crate frame, special thin slats designed to “frame” the installed materials should also be used.

It is worth cutting the foam in such a way that the “working” dimensions of the finished sheet were identical to the dimensions of the niche pre-formed for its installation.

When working with soft, compressible mineral or basalt wool, it makes sense to cut sheets whose length and width will be several centimeters longer than the length and width of the prepared niches.

It should be remembered that the insulation should not touch the moisture and vapor barrier sheets. It is better to leave a small distance between these layers, formed due to an additional duplicated counter-lattice.

Video:

A small space between the zones of the roofing cake will allow you to maintain the natural ventilation of the roof and extend the overall life of the structure being created.

The process of pouring polyurethane foam is significantly different from the work aimed at forming a heat-insulating layer created from traditional "hard" materials.

To evenly distribute the mixture of components over the roof of the room, you should use a special apparatus.

The optimal thickness of the polyurethane foam layer, capable of retaining heat in the attic room of a wooden private house in any season, should vary between fifteen to twenty centimeters.

The polyurethane foam mixture should be applied in stages, gradually increasing the thickness of the insulation.

If you want to build a reliable wooden house equipped with a “warm”, high-quality roof, then carefully consider the choice of materials that will be used in the course of work, take into account the climate of the region and the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe future building.

Video:

https://youtube.com/watch?v=toBUp4SITcQ

Which heater to choose

Modern heaters are different:

• fire safety;
• excellent thermal insulation properties;
• low weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation;
• versatility, which allows you to use the same material for insulation of different roofing systems;
• long service life.

Manufacturers offer a fairly large range. At the same time, delivery can be made in the form of mats, rolled material and in bulk. If desired, you can always choose the appropriate option for the price factor. In particular, you can insulate the roof using:

• Mineral wool, which is a fiber obtained from the melt of silicate metallurgical alloys, sometimes from rocks. Supplied in slabs and rolls. It can have a variety of sizes and densities. However, its use will require a good hydro and vapor barrier.
• Glass wool made from mineral fibers. It can have different sizes and different thermal conductivity, be in the form of plates and rolled material. It has good soundproofing properties.
• Expanded polystyrene, which is also hydrophobic, resistant to damage by bioparasites. Produced in the form of plates. Retains its shape for a long time of operation. Differs in the increased cost.
• Sawdust, which are stacked together with lime. However, despite the availability of this insulation, it is worth using it when installing a roof as a last resort because of the high risk of fire.
• Expanded clay, characterized by high thermal insulation properties.

The choice of a specific material will depend on the type of insulated roof and those who have financial capabilities. If you decide to purchase a cotton material, it is better to choose one whose characteristics indicate that it is hydrophobic.This means that during the production process, the insulation was treated with a special compound that prevents moisture absorption.

Insulation of the roof of a private house work under a pitched roof

Since a pitched roof is more common in Russia, we will consider the option of insulating it first. The advantages of insulating a pitched roof can only be done from the inside - you can work even during rain, significantly reducing the time until the final result is obtained. The rafters have already been examined and put in order, you can no longer postpone and start warming the roof of a private house, the attic under which our forces have every chance of turning into a cozy attic.

At the usual "cold" roof, the design is extremely simple: rafters, crate, roof. Sometimes there is a windproof layer between the crate and the rafters, the role of which is assigned, as a rule, to a super-diffuse membrane, which is also an excellent waterproofing with a vapor permeability effect. If this layer is available, the insulation process is reduced by one step, since water protection between the roof and thermal insulation is extremely important in the Russian climate. If it is not there, we take a hydro-barrier film and upholster the crate from the inside using a construction stapler. It is advisable to lightly capture the rafters so that there are no gaps between them and the film (it is best that the film generally “envelops” the rafters).

Mansards appeared in Europe, where winters are milder, without the Russian frosts that are familiar to us and unacceptable to Europeans. In our country, the insulation layer should be much thicker than that provided for by European standards.

The best way is to insulate the attic with mineral wool, the thickness of which should be at least 100 mm, but not thicker than the rafters. Next, we hide the rafters under the vapor barrier layer, on top of which, to heighten the effect, we pin horizontal bars of a small section, between which we lay another layer of mineral wool of the appropriate thickness. The final touch is drywall or any other options for interior decoration, up to plastic panels, on which the insulation of a pitched roof can be considered complete.

Installation of ventilation gap and waterproofing

The space for ventilation of the insulation prevents it from getting wet and spoiled, which inevitably leads to the loss of protective properties. The minimum distance that must separate it from the roof surface is 20 mm. This allows excess moist air, which still passes from the room through the insulator, to be freely removed from the surface of the insulation.

The simplest waterproofing, still widely used in construction, is ordinary roofing material. But to create more effective protection, it is desirable to use a special canvas with vapor permeability. The best option is diffusion, rather than conventional membranes. In this case, only one ventilated gap is sufficient. For the usual version, you need two of them:

• between the insulation and the waterproofing sheet;
• between insulation and roof covering.

These measures are the result of continuous physical processes taking place under the roof. But, for example, before insulating the roof of the house from the inside with polystyrene foam, these actions are not performed, since this material does not absorb moisture, which makes it possible to neglect waterproofing and ventilation gaps.

The insulation is laid with its smooth side towards the roof on specially fixed bars with an overlap of at least 100 mm, perpendicular to the rafters, after which it is fixed with staples or nails. During laying, a slight overhang is made to reduce the risk of damage during the installation of insulation. The joints are sealed with adhesive tape. Waterproofing should completely cover the rafters.

Preparation process

Thermal insulation must be reliable, so it is necessary to choose high-quality coatings.Savings here are inappropriate, because the building is being built for more than one year.

Work is carried out six months after the construction of the house, not earlier. This time is enough for the wooden bars to finally take shape, take their true position, shape. If the work is organized earlier, over time this will lead to deformation of the “pie” of insulation, and will reduce the effect of the work carried out to nothing.

Sheathing can be done in several ways, for which it is worth deciding whether the attic will be residential or not. If the room is a full-fledged room, it is better to sheathe the roof. When it is decided to leave the attic uninhabited, it will be necessary to sheathe its floor, in addition - the inner plane.

Before installing the insulation, check the reliability of the truss system. After sheathing, it will be unrealistic to get to them; damaged areas cannot be replaced. Additionally, the rafters are treated with fire retardants, antiseptic compounds, which will become a reliable protection against fire and protect against pests.

Materials for insulation

Modern insulation is represented by all sorts of options. It can be difficult for an ignorant person to figure out which is better. Experts recommend carrying out the outer skin using liquid or bulk insulation. Which one should be used to sheathe a wooden interior from the inside? The best insulation in this case is slabs of extruded polystyrene foam, mineral wool.

What requirements must be met by the material used for roof sheathing? When choosing, pay attention to its performance characteristics.

It is important that the insulation and the roof be the same in terms of service life, otherwise the roof will need to be re-repaired. The material with which the insulation is carried out must meet the following requirements:

The material with which the insulation is carried out must meet the following requirements:

Be environmentally friendly, without formaldehyde, other toxic components;
Have a relatively low weight, otherwise the material will put pressure on the wooden truss frame;
It is important that the roof keeps its shape well, it is more advisable to use a lightweight material that holds its own weight well;
Be sufficiently dense, the optimal performance is 15 kg / m3. The denser it is, the higher its heat-shielding characteristics;
It is good if the material protects the room not only from the cold, but also from outside noise;
Fire resistance is an important indicator that a heater must have

In case of fire, it should smolder, preventing the spread of flame, not emit toxins;
Have high vapor permeability. It is good when the insulation helps to remove excess condensate. Otherwise, the spread of fungus, mold is inevitable.

Basic materials

• Minvata. Universal insulation - mineral wool, a fibrous material from stony molten rocks that repels water. It has high noise and vibration absorption, is fireproof, does not lend itself to deformation, it is not damaged by insects and rodents. If the roof is sheathed with mineral wool, it is advisable to lay the slabs on the wooden frame of the crate, on top of the vapor barrier membrane. The layer should be dense, without cracks and gaps, which guarantees maximum heat retention. A wooden frame is again mounted on top of the mineral wool, nails are stuffed.
• Styrofoam. In order for the roof to be light, durable, vapor-permeable, while having sound and vibration-absorbing characteristics, it is sheathed with expanded polystyrene sheet. It allows you to sheathe a plane of arbitrary configuration, does not form seams, filling all voids and cracks. The roof does not need additional processing before sheathing; expanded polystyrene is mounted on anything: on concrete, brick, wood flooring, and so on. The main disadvantage of the material is intolerance to UV rays, under the influence of which it is destroyed.
• Expanded clay.Very often, the roof is insulated with expanded clay, environmentally friendly, durable, which does not deform over time, is not damaged by rodents. If the insulation is carried out correctly, the plane will turn out to be strong, warm, monolithic. Expanded clay attracts with relative cheapness. For insulation, large funds will not be needed, it is enough to purchase a certain amount of expanded clay, rolled roofing material, and start work.
• Warming with new methods. Liquid heat insulator polyurethane foam is considered a new material that is applied to any surface by spraying, has high adhesion to wood, concrete, brick, stone. Polyurethane foam fills hard-to-reach places, it is universal if a strong seamless surface is needed. This is a relatively expensive heat insulator; for application, you need to use a special installation. However, all the costs of blowing it in the winter will more than pay off by saving on heating.

The roof of modern buildings can be covered from the outside with a waterproofing layer, fiberglass coated with bitumen. The coating is plastic, durable, it is not afraid of moisture, mechanical damage, UV rays, temperature changes. Before laying the waterproofing, the plane is cleaned of old roofing, dust, and dirt. Then, chips and cracks are removed with cement mortar, after which the mixture is allowed to dry, covered with a primer primer or bitumen, diluted with gasoline. When the coating dries, proceed to the installation of the waterproofing.