How to prepare soil for a greenhouse

Actions of biologics

Biological products are an excellent tool for the soil for disinfecting greenhouse land in the fall. How do drugs work, what are their advantages?

• There is an destruction of the diseases left by the last harvest.
• Larvae and eggs left by insects for overwintering in a warm shelter successfully die under the influence of biological preparations.
• They contribute to stimulation, and make fertilizers act faster.
• Help organic decomposition of nutrient mixtures.
• Bind and smooth the effects of heavy metals and pesticides.
• Improve soil structure.

Fitosporin

One of the best universal remedies that can disinfect the soil from such popular diseases as black leg, powdery mildew, late blight, fusarium, fungi and mold. Diluted, in accordance with the instructions, and watered on the beds.

Phytocide

It's just a thunderstorm of all microbes. With its powerful action, it accelerates and stimulates the processing of organic matter and minerals, turning them into humus, which is so necessary for the fertility of the earth. It is enough for one hundred square meters in a volume of five liters to destroy all the harmful microbial environment.

azotophyte

This drug is designed to increase the fertility of the soil. Helps seed germination and better adaptability and survival at the beginning of seedlings. Helps plants become more resistant to diseases, especially against late blight.

About green manure plants, one can also speak only on the positive side. They treat, disinfect the soil, their roots enrich the top layer of soil with micro and macro elements that are necessary for plants, especially tomatoes. The most optimal green manure for greenhouse soil is white mustard.

There is another way that you can improve the land in the greenhouse. This is her replacement. The method is quite laborious, but allows you to almost completely renew and secure the soil. This is done as follows:

Take out a layer of 70-100 mm from the greenhouse. Put this layer in a place specially designated for it, since it must be treated with bleach and copper sulphate. It is left in this form before the winter. This layer may be returned to its place no earlier than 2 years later. But, ideally, she should not go back there. It is better to apply a thin layer of it throughout the area after winter freezing.

And what are the beds replenished with? For replenishment, a layer of earth is taken prepared as follows:

• 2 parts of soil or sod land,
• 2 parts sand
• 4 parts humus from the compost pit,
• 6 parts lowland peat.

All this mixture should be mixed, add lime to it at the rate of 3 kilograms per square meter. Fill the beds with this composition, adding additional fertilizers needed for the crop.

Try to plant green manure in the greenhouse more often, you can manage to grow them twice a season. In early spring, before planting seedlings, they calmly have time to grow. And in the fall, after harvesting, sow the land. Mustard grows in just a month. It must be cut and applied to the soil before planting in the spring. And in the fall, close up, along with fertilizers.

After green manure, it is good to feed the earth with biological products such as: "Baikal EM 1", "Vostok EM1", these substances of ecological farming, help the soil to process fertilizers and turn them into biohumus.

In winter, especially snowy, snow should be thrown into the greenhouse. In the spring, this snow will serve as watering the soil, and will also act as an additional soil healer from infections.

The main mineral fertilizers in the fall include simple superphosphate. It is introduced before digging the earth at the rate of twenty grams per bucket of water. Dilute and water the soil.

Nitrophoska is suitable for land in greenhouses, it can be fed both in dry and liquid form.

Working in greenhouses in autumn allows you to prepare the land for the next season. You will meet spring fully armed if you properly handle it in the fall.

A set of measures to prepare the greenhouse for winter

The greenhouse allows you to get fresh vegetables and herbs to the table, from early spring to the first months of winter. But during the warm season, it gets dirty, harmful bacteria, insects, and dirt accumulate on the walls, behind the rungs. On the beds - the remains of plants, in the soil - pathogens, pest beetles, harmful elements, in the air - infections. Such negative factors can damage the structure itself and the future crop, in order to avoid sad consequences, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures to prepare the greenhouse for winter:

• clean up, take out the trash
• wash;
• dry;
• disinfect;
• digging, tillage;
• insulate;
• reinforce the structure.

Preparing the greenhouse for winter, first of all, it is necessary to remove all unnecessary

How to prepare a greenhouse in autumn

To begin with, we do a general cleaning, and after that we put a marafet in the house for the future harvest.

First of all, we remove all tools, watering cans, choppers, supports supporting plants and more.

Completely remove all plant waste from the facility, as they can be a haven for harmful bacteria.

We wash from the inside, the entire structure, including the coating, joints, lintels, ceiling.

If the structure is made of metal structures, it cleans rusty places, primer and cover with paint. If made of polycarbonate, wash the walls and ceiling with a solution of laundry soap or potassium permanganate.

Do all these not tricky actions carefully, and in the spring it is worth repeating the treatment of the walls and ceiling of the greenhouse again to be sure of the destruction of spores of diseases and infections.

The concept of a warm bed

So what is this concept? This is the soil that is filled with the remains of vegetation, for example:

• branches;
• leaves;
• grass and other material.

All these materials, when decomposed, are capable of generating heat, and also heat the roots of plants. Thanks to the heat released, plants develop better and better tolerate temperature changes. And decomposing organic matter helps the formation of nutrients.

Such beds can be made in autumn or spring, but in autumn there is much more suitable organic matter on the site to fill. Do-it-yourself warm beds in the spring can also be made using other organic materials available during this period. They should be located from east to west, choose well-lit areas for them.

spring-cleaning

Preparing the greenhouse for winter in the fall begins with a general cleaning. Inventory is taken out of it, trellises, supports, garters are removed. Everything must be cleaned, thoroughly rinsed, disinfected, dried, stored in a room with normal humidity.

Before you remove the greenhouse for the winter, vegetable debris is removed from the beds. Tops, weeds can be placed in a compost heap, but it is better to burn. Be sure to remove the top layer of soil 50-70 mm for the winter, it is here that pathogenic infections, harmful substances and other infections have accumulated in large numbers. It is recommended to take the collected soil out of the greenhouse, scatter it over the area in a thin layer, or leave it in a pile so that it freezes well and becomes disinfected under the influence of low temperatures during the winter.

Cleaning the greenhouse for the winter:

• From the inside, the room is washed with a soft cloth soaked in warm water with the addition of non-aggressive household chemicals. Wash not only the walls, but also the roof.
• The gaps between the frame and the walls of the greenhouse must be cleaned, it is convenient to do this with a brush or toothbrush.
• Surfaces are washed with clean water, wiped almost dry.
• To prevent fungi or corrosion, the frame must be treated with a saturated solution of bleach: lime - 2 kg of lime + copper sulfate 0.100 kg + 1 bucket of water.
• After cleaning, doors and transoms are opened for ventilation so that the greenhouse is completely dry.

An important step in how to prepare a greenhouse for winter is to clean all interfaces with a brush from dust, infections and debris.

Important: Preparing a polycarbonate greenhouse for winter prohibits the use of abrasives, hard sponges and brushes, high-alkaline detergents in the process of wet cleaning, so as not to damage the surface of the material and reduce its positive physical and chemical characteristics. More often, greenhouse structures made of polycarbonate are arranged on the plots.

Such structures are convenient, practical, budgetary, installation of the product can be easily done by hand. In connection with the demand for structures, we suggest watching a video-advice on how to prepare a polycarbonate greenhouse for winter, the video suggests the main stages of conservation of the building

More often, greenhouse structures made of polycarbonate are arranged on the plots. Such structures are convenient, practical, budgetary, installation of the product can be easily done by hand. In connection with the demand for structures, we suggest watching a video-advice on how to prepare a polycarbonate greenhouse for winter, the video suggests the main stages of conservation of the building.

Be sure to check the tightness of the fit of the vents, windows, doors, handles, the serviceability of the fittings in order to avoid drafts and icing. If there are scratches on the metal frame, it is better to clean and paint over them so that rust does not appear.

Can it be installed in winter

Winter installation is often justified by an acceptable price, as well as the start of sales and a wide range of greenhouses. In addition, winter crops can be planted in such a design and an ultra-early harvest can be obtained. The benefit of installations in December-February also lies in the fact that the frozen soil was naturally cleared of weed seeds and parasite larvae, and the moist soil environment allows you to grow beds without additional watering.

If you put a greenhouse in winter, the effect of it will be greater than in spring. The only drawback of such a structure can be considered the problematic choice of location, because under the snow cover it is not always possible to recognize the necessary plants growing on the site, as well as assess the readiness of the soil. This is especially true for terrain with slopes that are subject to early leveling.
Winter installation of greenhouses is more suitable for southern regions where there is a mild climate.

Important! It is better to plan the installation of polycarbonate greenhouses at temperatures above 0 ° C, since the material becomes very fragile in frosty weather.

Preparing the greenhouse for spring planting

• soil fertilization in the greenhouse
• ​If the winter was severe, with severe frosts, but you plan to use the greenhouse for planting in early spring, you need to start the process of self-heating. To do this, after the snow melts, the earth is abundantly spilled with hot water. And after a few days you can start planting!
• Biological products containing antibiotics and fungi also help to control pests. They are available in the form of liquids (Bactofit, Pseudobacterin, Planriz), powders (Golden Autumn, Fitosporin-M), tablets (Gliocladin).

Spring cleaning and repair in the greenhouse

For replacement in a greenhouse, a layer of earth 20-25 cm thick is completely removed
My mustard sometimes blooms and goes into the winter, but in the spring it is withered like hay, but now the oats are green after the winter, as if I had sown it a month ago. But this does not interfere ... the earth becomes loose

Disinfection of the greenhouse - how do we process it?

Film-coated greenhouses But you can get the first greenery in early spring or plant seedlings of cold-resistant crops in a greenhouse not only with hot water. The soil can be warmed up in a tried and tested old-fashioned way - with the help of biofuels or the introduction of organic matter.This method can be used by those summer residents who have the opportunity to purchase fresh manure in early spring. The volume of manure applied should be 1/4 of the volume of the entire greenhouse soil. For example, a standard site with two greenhouses and four hotbeds will require about half of the KAMAZ manure. But, since this does not happen so often, you have to take disinfection measures.

Increasing soil fertility

And not only because it is quite difficult to organize such “beds” and exercise control over plant nutrition, and the price of fertilizers is high, but also for the simple reason that vegetables grown in this way lose their taste and aroma. Therefore, amateur gardeners adhere to the traditional principles of organic farming, trying to use "chemistry" as little as possible, but to maintain soil fertility with the help of natural materials.
I have exactly the same soil in my greenhouse. Mulched, watered with Baikal, it became better, but it remains like stones. Stella, did you manage to cope with this problem? If the film hibernated on the frame, you need to carefully examine it for integrity. We repair the damage found, if possible, or replace the damaged area. Horse manure in cold climates releases the optimal amount of heat. Plus, it heats up the fastest. Pig manure, as well as rabbit and sheep manure, are not suitable for heating greenhouses - it is too hot for greenhouse plants.​

Svetlana, Russia

Svetlana, Russia

Svetlana, Russia

Svetlana, Russia

Svetlana, Russia

Svetlana, Russia

7dach.ru

They will help protect plants from diseases and pests, get a richer and (importantly) environmentally friendly crop. At the same time, they will populate the soil with beneficial microorganisms, healing it and improving its structure.

• Tillage in a greenhouse in spring
• Soil preparation for cucumbers in spring in a greenhouse
• Soil in a greenhouse for cucumber
• Tillage in a greenhouse
• Soil preparation for planting tomatoes in a greenhouse
• Soil preparation in the greenhouse for planting tomatoes
• Soil preparation for tomatoes in the greenhouse
• Spring tillage in a greenhouse
• Soil cultivation in a greenhouse with potassium permanganate
• How to disinfect the soil in the greenhouse
• Soil for tomatoes in a greenhouse
• Varieties of eggplant for greenhouses

Types of underground greenhouses

Let's get acquainted with the main types of in-depth greenhouses.

Greenhouse in the ground without heating

This construction option was actively exploited and is being exploited by the Indian population in the cold regions of South America and is called "Walipini". This is the simplest construction, with minimal use of building materials, is a rectangular deepened pit covered with plastic wrap or plastic sheets.

Also read about the features of the domed greenhouse.

Heating of internal space is carried out by sunshine, providing a steady favorable microclimate for plants. The optimal length of "Walipini" is 6 m, the covering material is a film, the ventilation process takes place with the help of PVC pipes.

trench greenhouse

A trench greenhouse is a structure that is significant in length and with a minimum width, buried to the level of soil freezing. This engineering feature allows you to use the heat accumulated in the soil for several cold months.

In the southern regions in a trench greenhouse in winter, the temperature does not drop below zero even without additional heating. In regions with a colder climate, it is necessary to provide additional sources of heat (wood-burning stove, boilers with a water circuit). The entrance is provided in the end part, which implies stationary steps down. The walls are insulated, forced ventilation is installed.

Important! With a high groundwater flow, the construction of a trench-type greenhouse can be too costly.

Earth greenhouse thermos

The above type of structure is of two types:

1. Underground, in which the walls are completely in the ground at a depth of more than two meters. The degree of deepening depends on the occurrence of groundwater. In such greenhouses, a constant year-round temperature regime is maintained, which makes it possible to grow heat-loving "perennials", bushes in regions with a cold climate.
2. Buried. A simpler engineering version, in which the depth of the pit does not exceed 60 cm, the walls are 50 to 110 cm high above the ground. True, with the simplicity of building a semi-underground structure, heat-saving parameters “suffer”.

Types of greenhouses

On the modern agricultural market, there are many greenhouse variations that differ in the type of construction, material, shape, purpose and operation features.

What are the shelters and how to choose them, consider in the table:

Types of greenhouses:	Feature (pros and cons):	Recommendations for selection and operation:
By form:
Shed	Ideal for large plots (can be attached to any room), favorably distinguished by high efficiency and comfort. The disadvantage is the difficulty in covering the roof	Models with a glass or plastic top are preferred, since the film often sags, as a result of which it accumulates rainwater and breaks the sun's rays.
gable	The design is able to withstand the weight of snow, the shape of its roof allows a wide choice of covering material. It will not be possible to extend or expand this design.	Choose models with a reliable foundation, the frame of which is treated with an anti-corrosion coating. Be sure to check its tightness.
Arched	They have a smaller reflective surface, due to which more sunlight enters. Design features allow crops to grow significantly higher than in other greenhouses. Caring for plants growing near walls is much more complicated. In winter, breaks and deflections of the roof are not excluded	They are not suitable for growing seedlings with the further purpose of transplanting them into open ground (the design does not allow plants to be hardened). Also, arched greenhouses should be avoided by residents of areas with an unstable climate. Due to insufficiently strong fastening of the frame to the foundation, a strong wind can break the structure.
teardrop-shaped	Due to the pointed top, snow does not accumulate on the surface of the structure. As a result, in spring the soil warms up more intensively. The only drawback is the complexity of mounting the model	Ideal for the middle lane and northern regions, characterized by snowy winters. The roof can withstand up to 70 kg of snow per 1 m², and sunlight penetrates into any corner of the building
By appointment:
Vegetable	Designed for year-round production of vegetable crops. The products obtained in this way are more environmentally friendly compared to specimens from open beds The negative side is the careful selection of neighboring vegetables.	The floor material must be reliable. Mandatory ventilation hatches The possibility of shading some types of vegetation is important
seedlings	Equipped with sliding racks, as well as special temperature, moisture and soil controllers	Categorically not suitable for the cultivation of forcing green crops. It is better to use such buildings after sampling seedlings for growing green crops - lettuce, radish, dill, celery
Floral (greenhouses)	There are film or polycarbonate. The first are built in the form of tunnels, used for slow-growing and cold-sensitive flowers. Others are distinguished by endurance and durability	It is better that the greenhouse is a shed building adjacent to the southern wall of the house
By type of operation:
Winter	They give the opportunity to harvest from familiar and exotic crops all year round. They are capital buildings with a strong foundation. Can be deepened into the ground. Made from different materials	Variations with a strong metal frame, a reliable brick foundation and a glass shelter are preferred.
Summer	Operated from March to autumn frosts, heated in a natural way	Used for cultivation of seedlings. Film models are preferred, since in the warm season plants do not need overheating

In the manufacture of greenhouses, plastic film, glass or polycarbonate are often used. Experts consider the latter option to be the best: its cellular structure contributes to the formation of the microclimate necessary for the vegetation of plants and protects them well from spring frosts.
It has been noticed that even the hundredth polycarbonate retains heat one and a half times more than glass and film. In addition, this material compares favorably with its strength and light transmission properties.

Important! It is better to put the greenhouse on the foundation in the warm season, when the earth is loose and soft.

Methods for disinfecting soil in a greenhouse

You can read more about disinfection in the article: disinfection of greenhouses and hotbeds.​

​Attention! After treatment with boiling water, the earth must be well dried.

thermal way

All the measures described above are good, but completely useless if you do not simultaneously improve and clean the soil from pathogenic bacteria and pests. They constantly penetrate the greenhouse with shoes and equipment, seeds and seedlings, and in other ways, after which they multiply and lead to the disease of greenhouse plants.

Therefore, soil replacement is done every 2-3 years, or even once every 5-6 years, and during this time the land is periodically cultivated in special ways, fertilized, and other methods of preserving and increasing its fertility are used.

Chemical disinfection method

For this recipe, it will take about 3-4 kg per cubic meter of the finished mixture.

Growing Lettuce Hydroponically

​Marina, Tatyana and Natalia — thank you very much for your advice! Let's shed and cover now. d.p. bring in sawdust with sand. and in the fall we will plant mustard. Here is just one moment - will it not ripen? Is it hot in the greenhouse or is it still dry in winter and everything will be fine? (I just had a “sad” experience with phacelia, when it flooded almost the entire area, and only fought to uproot it, although it turned out to be tenacious and sprouted again ... I hope the snow destroyed the phacelia and it won’t bother us in the summer .. :-))) )​

Siderata we feed the beds with nitrogen

If they lead tomatoes, or cucumbers, then they lime every 4 years into the ground. If you don’t know how, write in the comments and I will post recommendations for liming the soil.​

Step 3. Sprinkle with lime.

Note that fresh and young plants are richest in nitrogen, and they decompose faster in the soil. Just do not overdo it with the quantity, otherwise the green mass will not decompose, but will turn sour. But more mature green manure plants decompose more slowly, but enrich the soil with organic matter.

Just be sure to loosen such soil well so that it becomes breathable. You can calmly dig at least every year, no matter how the adherents of "live farming" recommend it.

Test for proper preparation how seedlings behave

Not only for beginners, but also for experienced gardeners, the question often arises: “So, prepare the soil for tomatoes yourself, or buy a ready-made soil mixture?”. If you still decide to purchase ready-made soil, then be sure to treat it with the Fitolavin biological solution, taking 2 ml per liter of water. After all, you cannot be completely sure that the purchased land did not come into contact with anything during harvesting.

Free from weed seeds.

Ideally, be sure to leave at least 20% of the entire greenhouse area for a couple - let the earth rest and be nourished with vitamins for at least one season. Be sure to keep a soil use diary.​

Vasha-Teplitsa.ru

Use of the greenhouse during the cold season

In the greenhouse, you can use a small heating. Many vegetables can withstand low temperatures and even short-term freezing. Among them:

• cabbage;
• leek;
• Brussels sprouts;
• spinach;
• parsnip.

It takes a little time and money to prepare a greenhouse for winter. Keeping warm can help protect perennials and save on heating bills. Insulate the north side and any other solid walls with mineral wool or other thermal insulator. If possible, all unused ventilation openings, both inside and outside, should be covered.

Some types of vegetables can be sown before winter, so that they lie peacefully for several months in the ground, and spring shoots appear a few weeks faster than those sown in spring. Frost-resistant varieties of onions, carrots and parsley, garlic and fennel are suitable for winter sowing. Seeds should be sown a little more densely than in the case of spring sowing. The ground can be lightly covered with a thin agrotextile, which will speed up the germination of plants, protecting them from frost.

Soil ready or homemade

You must fill the ditch with humus by about half with your own hands, after which you can either fill it with soil thrown back when digging, or pour new earth.

There are also websites of manufacturers of the variety you have chosen and just information sites where you can clarify the details.​

Step 2. Next 3 buckets of sawdust and 200 g of urea.

You can sow green manure in front of tomatoes already at the end of March, in extreme cases - in the fall, after harvesting. Two weeks before planting tomatoes, cut the grown green manure with a flat cutter and close it to a depth of 2-3 cm. Do not remove all the roots that remain - this is an excellent food for beneficial bacteria and worms.

So, if the greenhouse land is without snow all winter, then by spring it dries up completely. This is even noticeable visually: the soil becomes dusty, as if lifeless. In fact, such soil is an excellent heat insulator, and the ground under it hardly freezes, and in the spring it does not need to be warmed up for a long and tedious time. Remember now what tomatoes are most afraid of? Yes, it is the cold earth, but the fact that it looks like sand is not scary - tomatoes grow well in the desert places of South America.

Tomatoes are fruit plants of the nightshade family. Their name comes from the Italian pommod Horo - "golden apple". And the Dutch were the first to develop the agricultural technology of this vegetable, in their greenhouses, boasting that they had discovered the fourth state of water. The first is gaseous, the second is liquid, the third is ice, and the fourth is the Dutch tomato. And this “handsome man” has considerable requirements for the conditions under which and on what it is grown.

Treatment of the greenhouse with a disinfectant

There are many ways to disinfect. What method to choose in order to provide plants with the greatest safety, protect them from harmful microorganisms, while not harming the quality of the product?

Sulfur checkers

For one cubic meter of construction, you need 50 g of the product if there were few parasites. Otherwise, the amount of sulfur must be increased to 150 g. This processing method is the most popular. However, those gardeners who use this method say that it does not protect against late blight, downy mildew and bacteriosis.

It is also not credible that during the combustion of sulfur, its dioxide is formed, which penetrates into the soil, and eventually gets into the product.

Slaked lime in an amount of 3 kg is poured with ten liters of water, 500 g of copper sulfate are added and all surfaces of the greenhouse are disinfected.

The use of a biological product.I believe this method is the best. For example, the Fitop-Flora-C tool will help protect plants from fungi and prevent the impact of a negative environment on the future. To treat a greenhouse, dissolve 100 g of product in 10 liters of water, but the water must not contain chlorine. For processing 30 cu. meters of the room enough 10 liters of the diluted drug. Disinfection should be done again after 14 days.

To increase the fertility of the soil in the greenhouse

The same plants are grown in greenhouses, so special care is required for the soil, unlike ordinary beds. How can you improve and enrich the soil?

1. Replace the surface layer of the soil

It is advised to annually change the surface layer of the soil, removing it by 10-20 cm. The removed soil is replaced with a new one for the next planting. You can also make new soil yourself. To do this, mix sand, turf, peat, and humus in a ratio of 1: 1: 5: 3. To neutralize the acid reaction in peat, add 3 kg of lime to 1 cubic meter of the mixture. This method is time consuming and expensive.

2. Siderates

The fact that green manure is useful has long been known, so plant oats, rye or phacelia in the greenhouse, as well as mustard, wiki, watercress. To save time, at the time when the planted plants bear fruit, sow green manure between the rows, and sow oats or rye in the fall.

3. EM drugs

The use of these tools will help provide protection against harmful microorganisms and diseases, and the harvest will be larger and cleaner. At the same time, em preparations will enrich the soil with the necessary microorganisms, which will improve and heal it.

4. Biofuels

Biofuel beds can be used outdoors and in greenhouses.

So, this is a rough list of work to be done in the spring.
Has everything been covered in this article? Share your experience. How are you getting ready for spring?

DIY construction

In order for the independent construction of the greenhouse to be successful, you need to think through everything in advance. At the initial stage, it is necessary to make drawings and choose a place for the location of the building. On the sketch, you need to accurately indicate its parameters, as well as the place where the structure will be located.

When choosing a place to build a greenhouse with your own hands, you should take into account such factors.

• Sunlight. Plants in a greenhouse need the maximum amount of daylight. The most convenient for this will be the location of the building from west to east.
• Wind protection. When building a greenhouse, you can make protection from strong winds.
• Convenience in the approach to the building. Enough space should be prepared for operation so that it is possible to drive to the greenhouse with carts and buckets.

Starting construction, you should dig a pit - its depth should be at least 2 m. When choosing a size, take into account that the length of the building can be arbitrary, and the width should not exceed more than 5 meters. If you choose other parameters, for example, build a structure 6 meters deep, then the heating of such a structure will be uneven, which will greatly increase heating costs.

The edges of the pit should be leveled for subsequent pouring with concrete. The frame of the future greenhouse structure is installed on the concrete foundation. When the foundation construction work is completed, they proceed to the construction of the foundation for the structure, thermal insulation is fixed on top. A polycarbonate roof is installed on a metal base.

If the greenhouse is installed in the northern regions, then foil is used to insulate it, which covers the walls in several layers. Such insulation is done only in the cold season.

If you make underfloor heating, you can install heating in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse, the optimum temperature for plants should be maintained from 25 to 35 degrees Celsius, while the humidity in the greenhouse should be taken into account. A prerequisite should be constant ventilation in the room.When all requirements are met, optimal conditions will be created for the operation of the greenhouse all year round.

When installing the roof, polycarbonate is more often used - with a sheet length of 12 meters, a flat surface is created, which eliminates the appearance of joints, as a result of which drafts will not appear in the room. To prevent corrosion, all parts for fastening are pre-lubricated.

Soil replacement

Replacing soil in a greenhouse in autumn is one of the most radical and most effective ways to increase yields. A replacement is made if the infection is too strong and carried out by several pests at once. In this case, it is necessary to select soil to a depth of 10-15 cm. A fairly large volume of contaminated soil will be obtained. Where to put the land if there is not enough space for disposal on the site? You can not only disinfect it, but also use it for an exchange in a year. To do this, the resulting soil is placed in a collar of arbitrary width, in layers of 20 cm thick. Each layer is sprinkled with quicklime at the rate of 100 - 150 gr. per m sq.

Using peat as the basis for new land in the greenhouse

The composition of the soil that must be laid instead of the withdrawn in the ratio of 6.5: 1: 1:

• Peat - sphagnum, without fertilizers, crumbly;
• Earth - fine-grained sandy loam or light loam with additions of humus;
• Compost - it is allowed to replace it with chicken manure at the rate of 5 kg per 1 cubic meter.

There are natural, biological supplements that are strongly recommended to be used in the soil, instead of inorganic fertilizers, at least in the first 2 years of use:

Additive	What replaces	Quantity per cubic meter of peat (kg)
Bone flour	potassium nitrate and phosphates	2
Feathers or down (necessarily steamed)	potassium nitrate	1
wood ash	Soil leaching	No more than 3 for acidic soils
Dolomitic lime	Soil leaching	No more than 4 for acidic soils
Seaweed	Microfertilizers, lime, algomin	2

Warm beds of tomatoes will be early

If a sharp cold snap is still possible, then moisten the earth in such a way that before dark all the water is absorbed and does not freeze the worms in it.

​Attention! You need to pour the so-called ground disinfected from various weeds and pests so that they do not damage future plants.
Humus, manure, ash, If the soil is heavy, clayey, then peat, but to deoxidize the soil, then lime or dolomite flour.
Step 4. As the top layer, mix ash, earth and mineral fertilizers.
If you decide to apply some fertilizers to the beds even before planting seedlings, then you should know: the experience of a huge number of people from all over the world when growing tomatoes proves that this vegetable cannot be grown tasty and healthy on mineral fertilizer alone

The fact is that mineral substances inhibit the biota in the root zone, while vitamins and other biological substances provide the roots with only symbiotic microorganisms.
By the way, it is easy to warm up such beds if you carry out subsoil heating in the greenhouse:
And now let's dwell on what kind of greenhouse soil is needed specifically for tomatoes:
Helpful advice! Carrying out a correct agrarian policy can also be attributed to the care of the land. It is not necessary to constantly plant the same crop on the same bed. The alternation of crops does not allow pathogens to adapt to the characteristics of the soil and the nature of the crop.​

Chlorine lime

• doors and windows are closed;
• You can say it in another way - you love to ride, love to carry sleds. And we will add that you need to do it on time and start in the fall.​
• After that, by spring, the soil for the tomato in the greenhouse will be sufficiently enriched with useful substances, and most importantly, you will no longer need any strength or financial investments.
• In the photo - humus.
• It all depends on what you are going to plant in the greenhouse - early cucumbers A layer of straw about 2 fingers thick a layer of manure that has not rotted such a sandwich of 4 layers make prepare holes for planting and fill them with earth. Pour the prepared soil in the greenhouse with plenty of hot water, I cover the beds in the greenhouse with a black film, well, no, so only a lot of weed will go in a week, you can plant seedlings in the holes. For peppers and eggplant, ordinary soil (separately from cucumbers, the regimes are different)

Step 5. Alternate the last three layers a couple of times.

But they won’t work on one organic either. Of course, they will grow not small in size, but the tops will be much more massive than the roots, and all small and flying pests from the surrounding area will run to such overfeeding. Although organic matter is also important for tomatoes: