Tachometric heat meters
Tachometric heat meters (vane, turbine, screw) are the simplest devices. The principle of operation of mechanical heat meters is based on the transformation of the translational movement of the fluid flow into the rotational movement of the measuring part. Mechanical heat meters consist of a heat meter and mechanical rotary or vane water meters. These are the cheapest heat meters so far, but it is necessary to add to their cost the cost of special filters that are installed in front of each mechanical heat meter. As a result, the price of such kits is 10-15% lower than other types of heat meters, but only for nominal pipeline diameters not exceeding 32 mm. For pipelines of larger diameter, the price of mechanical and other heat meters is almost equal or even higher.
The disadvantages of mechanical heat meters include the impossibility of their use with increased water hardness, the presence of fine particles of scale, rust and scale in it, which clog filters and mechanical flow meters. For these reasons, in almost all of Russia, the installation of mechanical flow meters is allowed only in apartments, small private houses, etc. In addition, mechanical flowmeters generate the highest water pressure loss compared to other types of flowmeters.
Electromagnetic heating meter
This is an expensive model of thermal devices, and belongs to the most accurate devices. The principle of operation of an electromagnetic meter is to pass the coolant through the device, while the electromagnetic field conducts a weak current. This device needs to be maintained, that is, periodically cleaned.
Rice. 4 Electromagnetic heat meters
The electromagnetic device consists of 3 main parts:
- primary converter;
- An electronic unit that can operate both from batteries and from the mains;
- temperature sensors.
In this case, the electromagnetic thermal device can be installed in any position (horizontal, vertical, or at an angle), but this is only in the case when the area where the meter is installed is constantly filled with coolant.
If the diameter of the pipe does not match the diameter of the device flange, then adapters can be used.
The principle of operation of the heat meter
01 January 2015. Written by Super User. Posted in Useful articles
Heat meters by their nature come with a mechanical and ultrasonic flow meter, from which the cost of an apartment heat meter is formed. The heat meter is installed both on the supply and return pipelines of the heating system, which is allowed by the manufacturer. How does a heat meter work, a heat meter in an apartment. The principle of operation is based on the amount of water that passes through the installed heat meter and the temperature difference of the coolant in the supply and return pipelines. As everyone knows, hot water enters the batteries (radiators) and heats the air inside the room, from which we get the difference in water temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the apartment.
Q is the amount of heat consumed
m - mass flow rate of the coolant, [m 3 / hour]
c is the heat capacity of the coolant, [Gcal/kg⋅°C]
t1, t2 are the coolant temperatures at the system inlet and outlet, respectively,
The heat meter data from the water flow sensor is transmitted to the calculator, and they also receive data from two temperature sensors, which are respectively located in the supply and return pipelines. The calculator processes the initial data and saves it in the archive. All the necessary information for the user is transmitted to the screen and can also be read by the data collection system via radio or wired Mbuss.
Report generation:
You have installed an individual heat meter (heat meter) and the question immediately arises of how to read the information and generate a report for the heat supply organization.It is necessary to study the operating instructions for the installed heat meter, which describes how to correctly view the necessary information. Depending on the manufacturer of the heat meter, heat energy is displayed on the display in different physical quantities. This is necessary, 1 Gcal = 4.187 GJ = 1163 kW / h, for the correct transfer of thermal power. The operating organization often issues invoices according to the tariff in Gcal, so the transfer system must be understood.
Each tenant who has bought a heat meter needs to know that together with the actual readings of an individual heat meter for the apartment, it is necessary to pay for the heating of common areas, such as stairwells, elevators, basements, on average 0.5 UAH. per 1 m 2 of the apartment's own area.
The methodology for calculating this payment is based on the following legal documents:
Decree dated April 21, 2005 N 630 On the approval of the Rules for the employment of services from centralized scorching, supply of cold
and hot water and water supply and a standard contract for the provision of services from centralized scorching, supply of cold and hot water and water supply.
Order 31.10.2006 N 359 Concerning the confirmation of the Methodology for the heating of the amount of warmth, which is used for scorching the place of the scorching fire of rich apartment houses, that fee is to be paid for their scorching
Order 22.02.2008 N 47 On the approval of the Recommendation on how to fix the Methods for rozrahunka the amount of warmth, scorched on the scorching place of the scorching corystuvannya rich apartment houses, that fee for scorching.
Sheet No. D11-10 / 37466 dated October 14, 2002. according to the explanations of the Ukrainian ZNDPI on civil life, 1,2-recommendations of the coefficient for the heating of thermal energy, stained for scorching the use of scorching coristuvannya and for not cladding scorched heat.
General house heating meter device features
General house heating meter.
Such a device is used in residential buildings. At a meeting of residents, the issue of installing a common house heating meter is decided - a common device has a number of advantages over an individual meter. Firstly, a common house meter will be much cheaper. Secondly, the readings of the device will be calculated in accordance with the number of residents, that is, you do not have to pay so much. The responsible person, who is selected at the meeting, pays for this utility service. This person is also responsible for purchasing the meter. A common house meter is much more expensive than an individual type of device, but if divided equally between residents, it will turn out to be profitable.
A common house counter can be installed with your own hands. To do this, you need to connect it to the central pipe, which, through the house collector, provides the house with heating. The second installation method is installation in the return line. This pipe removes the waste-type coolant from the radiator. Both methods of connecting the device are not characterized by the complexity of the work.
The radiator, inside which the heat exchange process is regulated, is at the same time a device for connecting the meter. To avoid problems during its installation, invite a specialist. However, you will have to pay an additional amount for the services of the master. A common house heating meter is installed in the radiator: this way it will be easier for you to take readings.
The device of the heating common house meter.
An individual type counter is bought and installed in the apartment by the owner. He pays for everything: the device, the services of the master, receipts. That is, the heat meter belongs to him personally, he is fully responsible for it. An ordinary such device is an ideal solution in case of refusal of a common house meter. The presence of this device greatly simplifies your life: so you will be calm for the honesty of paying for heating. Therefore, it is necessary to install a heat meter, even if the neighbors are against the common system.
There are some difficulties in installing an individual meter.For example, if the wiring in your house is vertical, then the work scheme takes place in several stages, since there is no central part of the heat supply. That is, it is necessary to introduce a riser into all rooms of the apartment.
The problem is solved by attaching the heat meter to the radiator. The radiator regulates the process of heat transfer, and the fixed device regulates the amount of heat produced. At the same time, the counter works efficiently and for a long time. The price of a heating meter in an apartment is much more expensive, since it is considered more reliable and has a guarantee from the manufacturer.
Meters and savings
The installation of devices does not yet guarantee a real reduction in the fee for the service. What needs to be done to reduce the amount in payments? Having mounted, apartment metering devices, in conjunction with control valves, you will receive and pay exactly as much as you need.
With this approach, your dependence on the actions of housemates will be lower.
A practical scheme for installing heating meters:
- A metering device is placed at the branch of the common riser. These works should be carried out only by professionals and sealed by specialists from the management company.
- Thermostats are installed at radiators. With the help of them, the supply of coolant is regulated. If there are no funds for such a solution, then a conventional valve can also be installed. Remember that screw versions are not desirable. Because the gasket can close the pipe at an unexpected moment, which will lead to a decrease in the temperature in your apartment.
- Ideally thermostats should be mechanical or electronic. The essence of their work is simple: they have a temperature sensor, which is located outside the zone of air flows ascending from the battery. After proper configuration, they will provide such a system throughput that is necessary to maintain the programmed air temperature in the apartment.
What actions can be taken by the owners of premises equipped with a standing heating system? Installing equipment that regulates the supply of coolant to each battery is very expensive. Such a project is unlikely to pay back the initial investment. Do not forget about the need for regular maintenance of these facilities. The owners can help the installation of electronic thermometers. They are also called heat distributors. It produces a permanent record of the temperature of the air and the surface of the battery.
The cost of such a device is low (about 1000 rubles). You need to mount it directly on the radiator. There will be a good incentive to save heat, since payment will be for the resource actually received.
Heating system in an apartment building Heat meters for an apartment building How to change the management company in an apartment building
The length of the straight section of the pipeline.
Many types of flow transducers require long, straight runs upstream and downstream of their installation site for correct measurements. This is true for ultrasonic and differential pressure flowmeters. But in practice, in the absence of adapted premises, it is not always possible to satisfy this requirement.
Measurement channels.
Modern heat meters are complex measuring systems that can serve accounting simultaneously for two or more heat inputs and for the hot water main. In this case, the heat meter becomes universal and can meet the requirements of a wide variety of heat consumers.
The presence of a diagnostic system.
Most heat meters are equipped with a self-diagnostic system that provides periodic automatic check of the device status and provides information about the nature of the failures, the start time of the failures and their duration.At the same time, the devices can register emergency situations that occur in the heat supply system, such as the current flow rate exceeding the range set for the device or outside the settings entered into the device’s memory, power outage, mass imbalance in pipelines, etc.
Energy independence.
Energy independence must be considered from two positions: interruptions in the mains (220 V) power supply and operational safety. Power interruptions can be dealt with using uninterruptible power supplies, and safety is important when operating heat meters installed in damp and damp rooms (basements), as well as in social facilities: in kindergartens, schools, etc.
Operating conditions.
When choosing heat meters, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the heat carrier. If there is a possibility of mechanical and gas impurities in the water, then it is not recommended to use ultrasonic and tachometric heat meters.
In this case, electromagnetic and vortex heat meters are preferable. If there are ferromagnetic impurities in the water, it is not recommended to use tachometric heat meters and vortex meters with electromagnetic signal pickup. If there are impurities in the network water that form films or deposits on the inner surface of pipelines, it is not recommended to use electromagnetic heat meters, etc.
Delivery completeness.
When using single heat meters or composite heat meters obtained from one supplier, the compatibility of its blocks and elements and their operability in the aggregate are guaranteed. Otherwise, there may be problems associated with the adaptation of the heat meter to specific application conditions and not manifested at the commissioning stage.
Intertest interval.
Since the calibration interval is an economic category (the cost of periodic verification is up to 10% of the cost of a heat meter), heat meters with the largest calibration interval should be selected. Currently, it is for different heat meters from 2 to 5 years.
Availability and depth of the archive.
Almost all modern heat meters archive information with the possibility of subsequent extraction of archived data directly from the device or using additional terminals
At the same time, the possibility of displaying archived data on the instrument panel is of great importance.
Cost and reliability.
The cost of a set of various heat meters varies over a wide range and depends on the heat load of the building, the number of heat measurement channels, the need to measure pressure in the pipeline, the availability of additional external equipment (printer, modem), supplier (domestic, foreign) and other factors. The cost of a heat meter directly correlates with reliability.
Installing a heating meter
Any installation work of the heating system (including the installation of a heat meter on a battery) is carried out only by specialists. To start installing a heating meter, you will need:
- Order a device installation project.
- Coordinate the package with documents for permission to install with public utilities.
- If the commission approves, then the project is implemented and heating meters are installed in the apartment.
- Register the meter with the public utility (otherwise it is considered invalid), after which it is given for use.
Scheme of installation of meters in the apartment in the heating system.
After the above procedures, you can call specialists. They have to:
- Implement this project.
- Coordinate documentation on heat supply matters.
- Install a meter.
- Officially register the device.
- Hand over the heat meter for use and transfer it to the jurisdiction of the supervisory organization.
Any counter must have a passport and a certificate. The documentation indicates the period for the first verification of the device by the manufacturer.
This period is also indicated on the device itself in the form of a stamp.During the use of the heat meter, it is necessary to check its operability. Verification of meters is done depending on the model of the device. It usually takes place every 4 years.
After the expiration date on the brand, you should contact either Rostest at the place of residence, or an organization that specializes in checking meters. Manufacturers should also check the devices (as a rule, each company has a service).
How to pay for heating on the meter? To pay for utilities, you should look at the figure shown on the device. Next, fill out the receipt, in it you will see the difference between the current and previous readings. At the end, multiply the number on the meter by the current tariff and pay for thermal energy.
The principle of operation of the heat meter
This device has 2 sensors, one of which is called a flow sensor, the second is a temperature sensor. The task of the first is to calculate the amount of heating consumed, the second is to measure the temperature. The main part of any meter is the heat meter. This is a kind of calculator, it gives the results of the count. To do this, the amount of heating consumed by the meter is multiplied by the temperature. Thus, you receive readings from which you then pay.
Installation of a heat meter.
Verification of counters. Verification must be performed once every 4 years. The purpose of this procedure is to determine the suitability of the instrument. The verifier must make an appropriate note in the passport of the device and issue you a certificate, which will be a confirmation of the meter's performance.
How a heat meter works, types and characteristics of these devices
For this reason, accounting for the consumption of consumed thermal energy is possible only when installing a separate meter for each radiator, which is not economically feasible. In this case, it is recommended to install a group meter either on the house as a whole or on a separate entrance (although the latter option is used very rarely).
So, where to start work on installing a heat energy meter:
- It is necessary to obtain a document called technical conditions from a local organization engaged in the supply of thermal energy.
The technical specifications usually indicate the place and method of installation, the requirements for the meter (nominal diameter, temperature range and other data), in addition, a schematic diagram of installation with certain regulatory requirements in terms of some sizes should be attached.
Project for the installation of a heat meter
- Based on the technical conditions, the homeowner himself has the right to decide which meter to put on heating, but it is not recommended to make a choice on your own. The fact is that the next document that needs to be obtained is a project for installing a meter for the received thermal energy.
The development of project documentation should be carried out by a company that has the appropriate license. Be prepared for the fact that the development of the project will take a significant amount of time, while the cost of this document is commensurate with the price of the purchased meter.
But it is worth paying tribute to the designers, in many cases they advise the most suitable metering device for certain conditions, so their advice should be heeded.
The main thing is not to make a mistake in choosing an organization that will develop a project for installing a heat meter, try to give preference to trusted companies with real reviews.
- The developed project is subject to mandatory coordination with the organization supplying heat.
Although, serious designers solve all these issues themselves thanks to long-established working relationships, although this may affect the cost of project development services.
- Based on the obtained permits, it is already possible to select a specific meter.
Usually it is possible to purchase 2-3 modifications from different manufacturers.
- Trust the installation work should be certified companies.Self-installation of a heat meter or the services of dubious specialists can result in problems when putting the meter into operation.
-
Upon completion of all installation work, the meter must be accepted by representatives of the heat supplier.
On average, the entire procedure associated with the installation of a heat energy meter can take 1-6 months, it all depends on the amount of money invested and the promptness of all organizations involved.
Main technical characteristics
Performance characteristics
Heat meters provide measurement, indication and registration of the parameters of the coolant and thermal energy for 1 ... 8 pipelines, their average hourly, average daily and total values, as well as the operating time and the duration of emergency situations in its operation. The archive depth is 45 days.
Heat meters provide registration of the specified information on an external device (printer, PC, etc.) via the interface RS232, RS485, Centronics.
The calculator is powered by 220 V AC mains.
Metrological characteristics
Heat meters, depending on their configuration with sensors, have the technical characteristics indicated in the table:
| Flow sensor type |
Nominal diameter,
DN, mm |
Flow measurement range limits, m3/h | Max. temperature value, °C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghire | Gnaib | |||
| VORTEX | ||||
| VRTK-2000(VPR) | 15-350 | 0.016Gnaib | 4-1600 | 150 |
| VEPS | 25-300 | 0.03gnaib | 10-1600 | 150 |
| VEPS-TI | 20-200 | 0.04Gnaib | 4-630 | 150 |
| DRC-V | 25-100 | 0.04Gnaib | 10-200 | 150 |
| METRAN-Z00PR | 25-200 | 0.04Gnaib | 9-700 | 150 |
| UPU | 20-200 | 0.04Gnaib | 4-630 | 150 |
| DRG-M | 50-150 | 0.025Gnaib | 160-5000 | 200 |
| ELECTROMAGNETIC | ||||
| PREM | 20-150 | 0.005…0.0067Gnaib | 12-630 | 150 |
| IPRE-1(1M) | 32-200 | 0.05gnaib | 5,6-900 | 150 |
| IPRE-3 | 32-200 | 0.04Gnaib | 22,7-900 | 150 |
| MP400 | 10-150 | 0.04Gnaib | 3,39-763 | 150 |
| IR-45 | 32-200 | 0.04Gnaib | 22,7-900 | 150 |
| "RISE ER" ERSV | 10-200 | 0.012Gnaib | 3,39-1357 | 150 |
| TACHOMETRIC | ||||
| LTDP | 32,50,100 | 0.1Gnaib | 1-100 | 150 |
| UGT |
15,20
25-250 |
0.04Gnaib
0.05…0.08Gnaib |
3,5
7-1000 |
90
150 |
| VMG | 50-200 | 0.025Gnaib | 60-500 | 150 |
| OSVI | 25-40 | 0.02gnaib | 7-20 | 90 |
| WPD, M-T150QN | 20-300 | 0.03…0.09Gnaib | 3-1000 | 150 |
| M-T, WS, WP | 15-200 | 0.02…0.05Gnaib | 1,5-600 | 120 |
| ET, WP, MT | 15-250 | 0.04…0.05Gnaib | 3-800 | 90; 120; 130; 150 |
| IMW, M-T, E-T, WS, WP | 15-200 | 0.03…0.06Gnaib | 3-600 | 90; 120, 130 |
| ETW, MTW | 15-50 | 0.04…0.1Gnaib | 1,5-30 | 90 |
| ULTRASONIC | ||||
| DRC-S | 50-350 | 0.02gnaib | 145-1000 | 150 |
| DRC-3 | 80-4000 | 0.01…0.015Gnaib | 18…450000 | 150 |
| EEM-Q | 15-50 | 0.04Gnaib | 1,5-15 | 150 |
| SONOFLO | 25-250 | 0.04Gnaib | 6-1000 | 150 |
| ULTRAFLOW II | 15-250 | 0.03gnaib | 1,5-1000 | 150 |
| UFM001 | 50-1000 | 0.04Gnaib | 85-34000 | 150 |
| UFM003 | 15-40 | 0.02…0.04Gnaib | 4,5-30 | 150 |
| UFM005 | 15-1600 | 0.04Gnaib | 2-36200 | 150 |
| UFM500 | >50 | 0.028Gnaib | 31,25-100000 | 150 |
| RU2K | 10-1800 | 0.04Gnaib | 2-110000 | 150 |
| SUR-97 | 25-300 | 0.01gnaib | 20-2500 | 150 |
| URZH2K | 15-1800 | 0.04Gnaib | 0.034DN2 | 150 |
| UZR-V-M "AKUSTRON" | 50-2000 | 0.03gnaib | 72-113400 | 150 |
| UFC002R | 50-2000 | 0.04Gnaib | 60-100000 | 150 |
| UFC-003R | 20-50 | 0.025Gnaib | 2,5-25 | 150 |
| UZS-1 | 15-2400 | 0.016Gnaib | 6,3-150000 | 150 |
| UPR-1 | 15-2400 | 0.016Gnaib | 6,3-150000 | 150 |
| URSF-010 | 50-1600 | 0.284Du | 0.028DN2 | 150 |
| URSV-010M "RISE PC" | 50-4200 | 0.03 Gnaib | 0.03 DN2 | 150 |
| URVS "RISE MR" | 10-5000 | 0.2Du/r | 0.03 DN2 | 150 |
The calibration interval of the heat meter is 4 years.
Residential heat meter working principle
We also recommend that you take into account the benefits of an individual heat control system supplied to your home in order to reduce the cost of these costs. The optimal solutions to these savings will be found together when we look at plumbing in your home.
Quarterly recording of thermal energy is only possible with a horizontal heat supply system !!! *
Call us or leave a request on the site, and our manager will contact you.
Our prices
| Installation cost 1 water meter | from 1700 rubles | |
| Cost of replacing 1 water meter | from 1400 rubles | |
| Meter installation cost | from 12 000 rubles | |
| Meter replacement cost | from 7,000 rubles | |
| Installation of the first radiator | from 3200 rubles | |
| Installing the first radiator with 2 1/2" | from 4200 rubles | |
| Jumper | 1800 rubles | |
| Installing the first radiator by replacing two 3/4" | from 4700 rubles | |
| Jumper | 2000 rubles | |
| Installation of the first radiator by replacing two taps 1 " | from 5000 rubles | |
| Jumper | 2400 rubles |
Types of thermal heating devices
The main types of heat meters include:
- Tachometric or mechanical;
- Ultrasonic;
- Electromagnetic;
- Vortex.
And there is also a classification by scope. For example, industrial or individual.
An industrial heat meter for heating is a common house (in apartment buildings) device, it is also installed at production facilities. This unit has a large diameter from 2.5 cm to 30 cm. The range of coolant quantity is from 0.6 to 2.5 m3 per hour.
An individual heating device is the unit that is installed inside the apartment. It differs in that its channels have a small diameter, namely no more than 2 cm. And also the range of the amount of coolant becomes from 0.6 to 2.5 m3 per hour. This meter is equipped with 2 devices, namely, a heat meter and a meter for hot water.
Installation of an individual heat meter
Dmitry Chernokaltsev, lawyer, St. Petersburg.
I live in Stavropol. I am the owner of housing in a new multi-storey (14 floors) apartment building.
The house is heated very poorly, the heat does not reach my last floor at all.
I applied to the HOA with a statement to install an individual heat meter in my apartment. The HOA replied that the project only provides for a central meter in the house and I have no right to install an individual control device in my apartment, as I will violate the engineering system of the whole house.
I sought advice from the Stavteplostroy organization, which officially installs these devices, and their specialist did not find any technical obstacles to installing a heat meter in my apartment.
The HOA refused me on the grounds that he did not need it and there is no law on the basis of which I have the right to install a heat meter in my apartment. And if I install him, then his testimony will not be considered.
For some reason, the management of the HOA sent me to the heating network on this issue, and there they generally refused to talk to me on this topic and sent me back to the HOA.
Explain how, in what order, on the basis of what laws, documents and statements I can install a heat meter in my apartment and oblige the HOA to take it into operation?
V. Zhuravlev,
Stavropol
The procedure for paying for utilities is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 N 354 “Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings” (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).
In accordance with the Rules, public services are understood as the activities of the contractor to supply consumers with any communal resource individually or two or more of them in any combination in order to ensure favorable and safe conditions for the use of residential, non-residential premises, common property in an apartment building, as well as land plots and residential buildings (households) located on them.
A communal resource is understood as cold and hot water, electric energy, natural gas, thermal energy, household gas in bottles, solid fuel in the presence of stove heating, used to provide public services.
Domestic waste water discharged through centralized engineering and technical support networks is also equated to communal resources.
In accordance with paragraph 42 of the Rules, accounting for the volume (quantity) of utilities provided to the consumer in a residential or non-residential premises is carried out using individual, common (apartment), room meters.
Metering devices of an approved type that have been tested in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on ensuring the uniformity of measurements are allowed for use.
Information on the compliance of the metering device with the approved type, information on the date of the primary check of the metering device and on the intertest interval established for the metering device, as well as the requirements for the operating conditions of the metering device must be indicated in the accompanying documents for the metering device.
According to par.
