Heated floors in the pool

indoor pool

Heating of the pool area

The room is usually heated with radiators, underfloor heating systems or heating registers. In all cases, the calculation of heat consumption is necessary and depends on the technical solution of the project.

Pool room ventilation

To avoid increasing the humidity in the pool, high-quality ventilation of the pool is necessary. When using a heat exchanger with a heat pump in the pool ventilation system, the heat does not escape “into the pipe”, the heat exchanger retains heat and transfers it through the heat exchanger to the incoming air, respectively, the air enters the pool room already heated, which reduces heating costs.

For more information about the use of a heat pump in the pool ventilation system and heat reuse, see the section.

The heat consumption depends on the temperature of the pool water, the difference between the pool water temperature and the room temperature, as well as the frequency of pool use. The table is valid for heating and use of the pool between May and September.

pool type	Water temperature
20°C	24°C	28°C
Indoor pool	100W/m2	150W/m2	200W/m2
Fenced pool	200W/m2	400W/m2	600W/m2
Partially covered pool	300W/m2	500W/m2	700W/m2
Open pool	400W/m2	800W/m2	1000W/m2

For the initial heating of 1 m3 of water in the pool bowl at a delta of 10°C, approximately 12 kW is required. The time of a full pool heating cycle depends on its size and installed heating capacity (it can take up to several days)

Calculation of the cost of heating 1 cubic meter pool water:

The initial temperature of the incoming water is +10°С, the required temperature is +28°С.

The formula for the amount of thermal energy required to heat 1 cubic meter of water:

W
=
C
*
V
*(T
1
—
T
2

where C is the specific heat capacity of water, equal to 4.19 kJ / (kg * C);

V = 1000 l; T
1 = +10
°С
;
T
2 =
+28°С.

W \u003d 4.19 * 1000 * 18 \u003d 75400 kJ or 75.4 mJ it is necessary to spend thermal energy on heating 1 cubic meter. m. of water to the required temperature.

The cost of heating 1 cubic meter
water for the pool will then be:

Electric boiler (efficiency = 90%): 75.4 / 0.9 / 3.6 = 23.3 kW * 2.22 rubles = 51.6 rubles.

Gas boiler (efficiency = 80%): 75.4 / 0.8 / 31.8 = 2.96 cubic meters * 4.14 rubles = 12.3 rubles.

Heat pump (efficiency=90%, COP=5.5): 75.4/0.9/3.6/5.5=4.2kW*2.22 rub.=9.4 rub.

CONCLUSION:

A heat pump is an economical solution for heating pool water. HP is an environmentally friendly method of heating and air conditioning both for the environment and for people in the room. The use of heat pumps is the saving of non-renewable energy resources and environmental protection, including by reducing CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere.

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An example of calculating ventilation in a swimming pool

Each owner of a private house tries to ennoble both the house and the entire territory belonging to him as comfortably as possible. And most of the actions are aimed at allocating space for a recreation area, both passive and active. One of the most popular options for arranging such a zone is the construction of a swimming pool, which can be used for sports or celebrations. Almost everyone understands that the device of an artificial reservoir is not a simple matter. And if the stage of waterproofing the pool bowl is a more or less well-known thing, then the calculation pool ventilation for the majority of both ordinary people and some builders is a closed book.

The thing is that earlier the ventilation of the reservoir was either not provided for in the project at all, or was done carelessly. Since the condensed moisture still led to the formation of mold, the metal structures rusted and the wooden elements of the structure were seriously damaged. Judging by such unpleasant consequences, we can talk about the high need for a ventilation system in the pool. Moreover, in the modern market, in order to combat moisture, various ventilation equipment is presented. With its help, the process of dehumidification of the room takes place, but air exchange is not provided. There is an air exchange option in which the exhaust air is expelled without heat loss.

Pool heating

Classes in the pool keep your muscles in good shape and give an extra boost of vigor and strength. However, today owning a swimming pool is not only fashionable and prestigious, but also expensive. Maintenance is expensive and adds extra hassle to its owner. The swimming pools that are located in the sports complexes are huge and are heated by a central heating system. Heating pools that are located in a private house is not an easy task, but it can be solved. The EcoOndol heating system will help you organize a full-fledged heating of the pools, providing coziness and comfort.

Externally, the design is a heating mat. Its feature is the presence of rods connected in parallel, which provide heating of the entire structure. Such a scheme allows you to divide the mat into segments of arbitrary length, which, in the future, will be connected independently of each other. The failure of one of the rods will not affect the performance of the entire system as a whole. The heating rods are armored with double insulation, therefore they are the main advantage of the EcoOndol system, with which you can organize the heating of pools of various sizes. This design can be laid under any surface, including concrete, screed or tile.

Heating pools using the EcoOndol system has a number of unsurpassed advantages:

1. If one or more rods are damaged, the system will not be stopped;

2. Low electricity consumption with high heating efficiency;

3. Strength against ultra-high mechanical loads;

4. The system is immune to frequent temperature changes.

All these qualities make the construction work reliable and worthy of being called the best among many analogues. It must be understood that the pool is a room with high humidity, so safety should come first here. The design of EcoOndol is equipped with waterproof, hermetic protection, which ensures greater electrical safety of the premises and its owner. Another plus is the increased mechanical protection of the power cable.

This type of protection helps the system not to succumb to the aggressive effects of moisture, which is important for such premises as swimming pools.

The EcoOndol system is a unique and ideal pool heating. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is very practical and easy to use. It can be installed under any surface, on any platform, which opens up additional possibilities when creating the design of the pool room. Due to the fact that the mat consists of rods attached to each other in parallel, it can be divided into several parts, and if necessary, it is possible to divide the heating mat up to one rod. At the same time, the quality of heating will decrease slightly, which indicates the high-tech development of the company.

To organize the heating of pools, you should perform a simple installation of EcoOndol heating mats, which will save you time and money. To place the mats, you need to spend a minimum of effort, as they are placed on any surface of linear dimensions. In order to mount the heating mat of the required size, you can simply cut it without affecting the power cable, which is fixed on the grid. This idea of the manufacturer made it possible to install the system without selecting the cable layout step, so the installation will be carried out in a short time.

Summing up, I would like to add that the system of heating mats does not require constant human attention, since it is controlled automatically. Among all the possible systems with which pools are heated, EcoOndol is the technology that meets the highest quality standards. It guarantees not only the heating of the room, but also the safety of its owner.

Pool ventilation calculation steps

For the convenience of designing a pool with a well-arranged ventilation system, experts recommend dividing this entire complex process into several stages.

At the first stage, the selection of equipment and materials necessary for the work is carried out. Select an experienced team of designers and fitters who will offer several different options. They can differ in the equipment used in the device or in the price and installation features. When selecting equipment, it is necessary to strive to cooperate with manufacturing companies, which, using the available software, will help you choose everything as accurately as possible, while avoiding unnecessary waste of time and material resources.

At the second stage, a working draft is created, a specification is created, and schemes for installation with the necessary cuts are designed in detail. The next stage is related to the creation of as-built documentation, such as drawings with technical specifications, passports and instructions for installed equipment.

Principle of operation

The heat exchanger itself does not heat the water. It is only an optimized device for efficient heat exchange between two media. One of them is a heat carrier from a direct heat source, and the second is just water from the pool.

In a heat exchanger, only thin walls of pipes or plates with high thermal conductivity separate the two media. The higher the area of such contact, the more heat will have time to move from a hotter liquid to a cold one.

In terms of meaning, the heat exchanger is always in-line, although the volume of chambers and sections for pumping two media may differ significantly. For swimming pools, tubular and plate heat exchangers are used. The advantage is on the side of tubular devices, as they allow to reduce the resistance introduced by the device to the flow of water and are less demanding on the purity of the pumped liquid.

The housing forms the first chamber for the heated fluid. This is an oblong cylinder made of a large diameter pipe, closed at both ends with plugs, in which there are fittings for connecting pipes. From above it is insulated to eliminate excess heat loss.

Tubes are distributed inside the case, isolated from the internal space of the device, with fittings brought out to the outside. The tube can be one bent in a spiral to increase the contact area and stretching from one end of the heat exchanger to the other. But it is more efficient to use many tubes in parallel, which are connected at the ends by a collector. This significantly reduces the hydraulic resistance of the heat exchanger to the circuit with the coolant and increases the contact area, the boundaries between the two liquids.

The main characteristics of the heat exchanger:

Maximum operating temperature. The maximum heating of the coolant maintained by the device.
Thermal power. It depends not only on the contact area, but also on the type of liquid in both circuits and the temperature difference.
Throughput, measured in cubic meters per hour, determines how long it takes the entire volume of the pool to pass through the heat exchanger.

Outdoor pool. Water heating in outdoor pool

The heat consumption for an outdoor pool is influenced by the habits of the people who will use it and the type of pool. If the pool is heated during the off-season, it does not make sense to include the consumption of the pool in the amount of heat supplied by the heat pump.

An approximate calculation of heat consumption depends on parameters such as the temperature of the water in the pool, the size of the pool, the frequency and duration of use, whether the pool is protected by a roof, awning, or the surface of the pool is open.

Distribution of heat costs
outdoor pool looks something like this:

convection to the environment 15-20%;
heat transfer to the atmosphere 10-15%;
evaporation from the water surface 70-80%;
heat transfer to the walls of the pool 5-7%.

Measures to reduce heat costs.

An effective measure to reduce heat costs is to cover the surface of the pool with foil for the time when it is not in use. In general, this simple measure can save up to 50% of heat. In indoor pools, covering the surface will have another important function - reducing humidity in the interiors of the room and, as a result, a lower risk of damage to building structures. The cover film must be UV resistant, especially for outdoor pools.

Types of protective coatings for swimming pools

Protective coatings for swimming pools have been used for a long time. Their strength properties are calculated in such a way that, under conditions of temperature difference on the upper and lower sides, under conditions of high-intensity ultraviolet solar radiation, they remain strong for many years in order to withstand several people accidentally falling into the pool. In addition to the safety function, protective covers prevent dirt and debris (such as leaves), foreign objects from entering the pool. If the coating is made opaque to light, then this prevents the reproduction of microalgae and pathogenic microorganisms in the water. This reduces the need for frequent pumping of the pool water for complete cleaning and disinfection, which reduces the amount of chemicals and energy consumed for these purposes.

Among the types of protective coatings for pools, we distinguish the following three:

roller shutters (for example, PoolProtect) with floating sealed PVC or polycarbonate lamellas;
soft coverings (for example, SoftProtect) made of high-strength reinforced PVC fabric;

Ventilation calculation example

Swimming pools installed indoors are operated year-round. At the same time, the water temperature in the pool bowl is 26°C, and in the working area the air temperature is 27°C. Relative humidity is 65%.

The surface of the water, together with wet walking paths, releases large volumes of water vapor into the room air. Often, manufacturers tend to go by glazing a larger area of the room in order to create ideal conditions for the influx of solar radiation. But, at the same time, it is also necessary to correctly calculate the features of the ventilation of the indoor pool.

The room in which the pool is installed is usually equipped with a water heating system, thanks to which heat losses are completely eliminated.

In order to prevent moisture condensation on the surface of the windows, from the inside, it is important to install all heating devices under the windows in a continuous chain. So that the surface of the glasses from the inside is heated 1 ° C higher than the dew point temperature

Determine the dew point temperature.

It should be borne in mind that a certain amount of heat will be spent on the evaporation of water, which will be borrowed from the air in this room.

The structure of the bowl is surrounded by walking paths with electrical or thermal heating, with the help of which the surface temperature of these paths is approximately equal to 31°C.

A private example of calculating the air exchange in a room will help you understand everything easily.

Let's assume that the pool is arranged in Moscow. During the warm period, the temperature here is 28.5 ° C.

During the cold season, the temperature drops to -26°C.

The area of the bowl of the pool under construction is 60 square meters. m, its dimensions are 6x10 m.

The total area of the tracks is 36 square meters. m.

Room size: area - 10x12 m = 120 sq. m, the height is 5 meters.

The number of people who can be in the pool at the same time is 10 people.

The temperature in the water is not more than 26°C.

Air temperature in the working area = 27°C.

The temperature of the air discharged from the upper part of the room is 28°C.

The heat loss of the room is measured in the amount of 4680 watts.

First, calculate the air exchange in the warm period

Sensible heat input from:

lighting in the cold season is determined according to;
swimmers: Qpl \u003d qya.N (1-0.33) \u003d 60.10.0.67 \u003d 400 W, for a share equal to a coefficient of 0.33, the time that swimmers spend in the pool is taken;
bypass tracks calculated;

The heat transfer coefficient from the bypass paths is 10 W / sq.m ° C

We turn to heat losses that occur when water is heated in the basin of the reservoir. You can calculate them as follows.

Excess sensible heat during daylight hours is calculated.

Humidity input

Determine the moisture release from athletes swimming in the pool using the following formula Wpl \u003d q. N(1-0.33) = 200. 10 (1- 0.33) = 1340 g/h

The flow of moisture into the air from the surface of the pool is calculated as follows.

In this formula, the indicator A is taken as an experimental coefficient that takes into account the difference in the intensity of evaporation from the water surface of moisture between the moment the swimmers are in the water and the situation when the water is calm, that is, when there is no one in the water.

For those pools in which recreational swimming procedures are carried out, A is taken as 1.5;

F is the surface area of the water, equal to the area of 60 square meters. m.

It is necessary to obtain the evaporation coefficient, which is measured in kg / sq. m * h and is found,

in which V determines the mobility of air above the pool bowl and is taken as 0.1 m/s. Substituting it into the formula, we get an evaporation coefficient equal to 26.9 kg / sq. m * h.

Power calculation

The selection of the power of the heat exchanger for the pool is carried out, starting from four factors:

The size of the pool, the amount of constant heat loss;
The temperature of the heat carrier and the power of the heat source;
Target water temperature in the pool;
The time for which it is necessary to heat the water, provided that it has just been collected.

The task is not to heat the entire volume of water in the pool bowl as quickly as possible. The capacity of the heat exchanger is sufficient at a level equal to the maximum constant heat loss, so that the temperature can be maintained at a given level.

The lower limit of power selection is taken equal to approximately 0.7 of the volume of the pool bowl, more precisely, of water when completely filled. This is an approximate value of heat loss due to evaporation and heat exchange with the walls of the bowl.

Exceeding this threshold determines the time during which the heat exchanger will be able to warm up only the collected cold water and most often this parameter is selected equal to 1-3 days.

A heating boiler is used as a heat source, which works both for heating the house and for heating the pool, or in a small circuit only for heating the pool, for example, a warm period of time. The maximum possible heat return should be determined exactly with the condition of the heating operation in the house, so as not to take excess heat to maintain the pool.

Required power of the heat exchanger to heat the pool in a certain time.

P is the required power of the heat exchanger (W),

C is the specific heat capacity of water at a temperature of 20°C (W/kg*K);

ΔT is the temperature difference between cold and hot water (оС),

t1 is the optimal time for heating the entire pool (hours),

q - heat loss per hour per square meter of water surface (W / m2),

V is the volume of water in the pool (l).

Heat losses from the water surface due to evaporation should be taken into account in the calculations. The following values are accepted:

Swimming pool completely outside - 1000 W/m2.
Partially covered by a canopy or part of a building - 620 W/m2.
Fully covered swimming pool - 520 W/m2.

The resulting value is exactly the parameter that should first of all be guided by when choosing a heat exchanger. The remaining parameters must be coordinated with the existing equipment.

If you want to divide the heat exchanger operation time into night and day, when an electric hot water boiler is used, the heat exchanger capacity must be increased accordingly. It is enough to multiply the previously obtained number by 24 and divide by the number of hours that are supposed to be taken to heat the pool.

When choosing, it is important not to forget that the real power of the heat exchanger directly depends on the temperature difference in both circuits and on the maximum heating value. With a smaller temperature difference, the output power is also smaller and vice versa

The resistance to water flow should be taken into account when choosing a circulation pump, moreover, together with a filter station, the resistance of pipes, nozzles and all other piping elements.

The maximum allowable temperature in the hot circuit is determined by the nominal temperature that the boiler or heating boiler delivers.

From the same formula, it is easy to derive the pool heating time, knowing the power of a commercially available heat exchanger. It is not worth chasing ultra-fast heating, it is enough if the pool warms up from a completely cold state to a comfortable temperature in two days.

Direct savings due to reduced evaporation

We calculate the economic feasibility of covering the pool when using natural gas for heating water. The reference values for the calorific value of the gas are:

minimum 31.8 MJ/m3, maximum 41.2 MJ/m3 (GOST 27193-86, GOST 22667-82, GOST 10062-75). Let's take an average value of 35 MJ / m3. In terms of power, we get: 35,000 kJ / 3600 s \u003d 9.72 kW • m3

When transferring losses to the volume of gas, we obtain:

Losses when using the pool: 241.6 kWh / 9.72 kW•m3 = 24.86 m3/h.
Losses with a calm pool surface: 60.4 kW / h / 9.72 kW * m3 = 6.21 m3 / h.
Losses at the closed surface of the pool: 6.04 kW/h / 9.72 kW*m3 = 0.621 m3/h.

Let's assume that the pool is used 8 hours a day.

The gas consumption when using the pool is 24.6 m3/h • 8 h = 198.9 m3.
The gas flow rate at a calm pool surface is 6.21 m3/h • 16 h = 99.36 m3.
The gas consumption with the closed surface of the pool is 0.621 m3/h • 16 h = 9.94 m3.

At the current gas price of 6.879 UAH/m3:

Gas costs when using the pool 198.9 m3 • UAH 6.879 = UAH 1368.23.
Gas costs with a calm surface of the pool for 99.36 m3: 683.49 UAH.
Gas consumption with the closed surface of the pool in monetary terms for 9.94 m3: 68.38 UAH.

When using protective shutters, the amount of savings will be 683.49 - 68.38 = 615.11 UAH. In a year, savings from reduced evaporation will be (with year-round use of the pool) = 365•615.11 = 224515.15 UAH.

This calculation did not take into account the savings in electricity consumed for dehumidification and ventilation, as well as the cost of make-up water. If we also take into account that the amount of water that has evaporated needs to be replenished and heated (from + 10 ° С to + 28 ° С), then this approximate calculation can be somewhat supplemented.

1. When using a swimming pool 99.42 kg/h • 4.2 kJ/kg •°C • (28°C - 10°C) / 3600 = 2.088 kWh / 9.72 kW*m3= 0.215 m3/h • 8 hours • 365= 627 m3•6.879 UAH = 4313 UAH per year.

2. When the pool is idle 24.89 kg / h • 4.2 kJ / kg C • (28 ° C - 10 ° C) / 3600 \u003d 0.523 kW / h / 9.72 kW • m3 \u003d 0.054 m3 / h • 16 h •365 = 314 m3 • 6.879 UAH = 2160 UAH per year.

3. With a covered pool 2.489 kg/h •4.2 kJ/kg •°C • (28°C - 10°C) / 3600 = 0.0523 kWh / 9.72 kW •m3 = 0.0054 m3 /h •16 h • 365 = 31.4 m3 • 6.879 UAH = 216 UAH per year.

Those. in addition, you can save 2160 - 216 = 1944 UAH on heating water for make-up. in year.

This calculation does not take into account other components of heat loss and related energy costs. The general savings figures indicated by the manufacturer of roller shutter protection systems (up to 80% of direct energy savings only for different types of heat loss, one of which is evaporation), do not look overestimated. In addition to direct savings, protective systems create indirect savings - on the maintenance of engineering systems (ventilation, air supply and heating, etc.), the operation of building structures (anti-corrosion protection, antifungal sanitation, etc.) and maintaining a comfortable microclimate.

Recall that heat loss in outdoor pools is much greater than in indoor pools. However, there are versions of roller shutters with the so-called. "solar lamellas", which accumulate solar heat like photothermal panels and can heat the water in the outdoor pool by an additional few degrees. Manufacturers point out that due to the saving of all types of energy and the reduction of associated costs, the roller shutter protection system can pay for itself in 3 to 5 years. Roller shutter systems for swimming pools mean safety and energy efficiency!

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