The principle of operation of fans of various modifications

Fan types

In order to choose the right room fan, you need to understand the types of devices. So, these household electrical appliances for the home can be as follows:

• desktop;
• floor;
• channel;
• ceiling;
• wall.

Also, fans can differ in design (for the home, axial and tangential models are most often chosen, for production - radial (centrifugal) devices), according to the method of fixing and levels of protection. However, for the choice of room devices, these technical characteristics are practically of no importance, so we will not dwell on them in detail.
If you want to choose a fan for a living room in a house or apartment, you should purchase a floor, table or ceiling fan. Desktop and ceiling models are only axial, and floor products can still be tangential. The latter are made in the form of a column and have many useful functions:

• humidifier;
• temperature sensor;
• Remote Control;
• heating the air in the room.

Please note that if you decide to choose a floor tangential device, its price will be higher than that of other varieties. In addition to additional features and options, column fan looks stylish and is one of the safest options for the home.

Floor standing axial fans have been the clear leaders in sales among other varieties for many years and are a classic example of a device for cooling a room. Large blades that provide strong airflow, the ability to switch speeds, stability and the presence of a swivel mechanism - all this guarantees a stable choice of this product and positive customer reviews about it.

If you decide to choose this standard model, please note that the blades must be completely covered with a mesh for safety (especially if you have children or animals)

Intending to choose a powerful yet quiet fan? Ceiling models will be most welcome! While standard products have a power of about 50 watts, the ceiling version has a power of up to 250 watts. The blades of the appliance do not spin quickly, but thanks to the high power, you will always feel pleasantly cool on hot days. Such a product is especially popular for placement above the dining table or bed. Also, often ceiling appliances are bought for a terrace or a summer kitchen in a country house.
As for desktop models, everything is very clear here. The main advantage, because of which you can choose a table fan, is its small size, convenient operation and cheap price. This product is convenient to take with you on trips, and it will help out perfectly on a particularly hot day. Please note that these fans have a weak airflow, and they break quite often.

If for the living room you should choose an ordinary household appliance, then for the kitchen, bathroom and toilet you need to buy a special exhaust fan, which is installed in the ventilation hole in the wall. It performs different functions than the standard device and is purchased to remove humid air after swimming, unpleasant odors after cooking, etc. If possible, opt for devices with temperature and humidity control, carefully consider all the nuances of installation.

Specifications

So, we figured out what fans exist and how to choose them, based on the varieties. Also very important is the choice of the device according to general parameters and the presence of additional functions.

1. Power.
   As mentioned above, the power of a conventional fan does not exceed 60 W and this is quite enough to blow the room.If you want a more powerful option, we recommend choosing a ceiling product.
2. Noise level.
   If you want to choose a model for a bedroom or children's room, the noise level should not exceed 25 dB, for other rooms - no more than 30 dB.
3. The size.
   The larger the blades, the faster the room will cool.
4. Protection.
   In any fan, except for a ceiling fan, there must be a special mesh that covers the blades. Children or animals can be seriously injured due to their curiosity and desire to touch rotating elements, so this protection must be mandatory.
5. Speed ​​shifter.
   Even the most ordinary classic models should have a gearshift button, be sure to opt for such a product.
6. Sustainability.
   A good floor fan should be reasonably stable with adjustable swivel, tilt and height.

Additional features that you should pay attention to when choosing a fan include the presence of such options:

• backlight;
• timer;
• Motion Sensor;
• air ionization;
• remote control;
• LCD display;
• overheating protection.

Selection Tips

How to choose a silent desktop fan for a room or office

Before you choose a good table fan, you need to know the basic technical features. The main advantage of such a device is its small size, it is easy to install it on any table and shelf. It may well provide ventilation for a small room or office, or simply be used for local action.

Typically, such models are of low power and with 2-3 speed modes, the technical parameters are basically identical with its “floor counterpart”. The convenience of such devices is also in the way they are attached: either a small stable stand or a “clothespin”. The diameter of the blades is from 8 to 15 cm, they are quiet and do not consume much electricity, the average power is 15-20 watts. It is best to give preference to stable models made of durable plastic or stainless steel.

Choosing a safe household fan is not difficult, because manufacturers have taken care of such models. Their main feature lies in the type of construction that is not similar to previous versions. The movement of air occurs due to the turbine, which moves the air masses through the ring, thus gently directing it into the room. These models are not only suitable for families with small children, but also for aesthetes, because their ultra-modern design will not leave you indifferent.

How to choose a safe fan for home use
- it's very simple: get a bladeless model from a good manufacturer with a well-deserved reputation. Of course, the price will be higher than a conventional axial fan, but the convenience and safe use is worth it.

Additional functions

When choosing a floor fan, you will find that almost all models are equipped with various additional options. They greatly facilitate the management and make the operation of climate control equipment more comfortable.

The most common features:

1. Remote control. With it, you can turn the device on and off, switch operating modes.
2. LCD display. The display with up-to-date information simplifies operation and setup of work.
3. Timer. Can set the fan running time. It is especially important during falling asleep for automatic shutdown so that it does not work all night.
4. Control via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. With this option, you can control the device from a computer or smartphone.
5. Ionization. It saturates the air with negative ions, the air is cleared of microbes, it becomes easier to breathe.
6. Air humidification. With the help of the built-in ultrasonic evaporator, it increases the humidity in the room.
7. Motion Sensor. Turns the fan on when someone enters the room and turns it off when the room is empty.

Before choosing a floor fan, you need to know its specific characteristics. Below are recommendations based on which you can choose the parameters suitable for cooling your home.

The characteristic that affects the area and intensity of blowing is indicated for axial devices. Choose a fan with blades with a diameter of 10 to 16 centimeters.

Power

This parameter directly depends on the size of the refrigerated room. For a small room up to 20 sq. m, a fan with a power of 40-60 W is suitable, for a room larger than 20 sq. m need power from 60 to 140 watts.

air strike

This characteristic is not always indicated by the manufacturer, as it is believed that it is unimportant. It depends on the diameter of the blades and power, and affects the rate of ventilation of the entire room.

If an air impact of 5 meters is specified, then the maximum distance from the fan at which its operation will be felt will be 5 meters.

Air exchange

This performance it varies from 100 to 3000 cu. m/hour. With its help, knowing the volume of the ventilated room, you can calculate how many air changes can occur.

For different rooms, different norms for the number of air changes are established. To calculate the required air exchange, you need to multiply the volume of the room by the rate of the number of air changes per hour.

Average rates:

• bedroom - 3;
• living quarters - 3-6;
• kitchen - 15;
• toilet - 6-10;
• bathroom - 7;
• garage - 8.

Airflow area

This characteristic also indicates the performance of the fan. Maximum up to 50 sq. m. But it is better to focus on air exchange.

Tilt and swivel

The tilt angle is responsible for turning the working mechanism up and down and can reach 180 degrees.

The angle of rotation is responsible for the rotation of the working mechanism horizontally and ranges from 90 to 360 degrees.

Most fans have an auto-rotate function - the head with the motor and blades automatically rotates from side to side in a horizontal plane, cooling different parts of the room.

Noise level

The less noise, the more comfortable the fan works. Choose a floor fan with a noise level of 25-30 decibels.

Cheaper models are especially noisy.

Airflow mode

The intensity of the air flow depends on the blowing mode and depends on the number of rotation speeds. They can be from 2 to 8.

Control block

Floor fan control can be touch or mechanical (button). The presence of an information display simplifies operation, showing which mode and functions are enabled at the moment.

With it, you can carry out remote control, which also simplifies its use.

Timer

The timer can only come in handy if you go to bed with the fan on and want it to turn itself off after a certain period of time.

In other cases, when you are in the room, the timer is not needed, it makes no sense to set it up, it is easier to turn it on or off with the knobs.

Ionizer

Air ionization is an additional useful feature. The ionizer saturates the air with negative ions and this has a beneficial effect on the well-being of a person.

Humidifier

Combining a fan and a humidifier helps keep the humidity in your home at the right level. The price is much higher because of this, since two are combined in one climatic device.

Certificate

To confirm the quality and compliance with the standards for climatic and electrical equipment, check for a certificate.

The device and principle of operation of centrifugal fans.

The design of the fan is determined
its aerodynamic scheme, under which
understand the schematic drawing of it
flow part indicating the main
proportions outside diameter
wheels D₂. Fans
different sizes, made one by one
aerodynamic design, refer to
the same type and are geometrically
similar.

Main elementsare:
impeller with blades, inlet
branch pipe (collector), spiral body,
hub, shaft

By design impellershave
a number of modifications:

• drum impellers are performed
  with shoulder blades curved forward. Width
  wheels = 0.5 diameter. Peripheral speed
  allowed up to 30-40 m/s.

• annular impellers have a smaller
  width. Circumferential speed - 50-60 m / s.

• impellers with conical front
  discs are very durable
  and rigidity. Peripheral speed up to 85
  m/s.

• three-disc wheels are used on
  double inlet fans.

• single-disk are used for dust
  fans.

Way of connecting blades with disks
has a significant impact on
structural rigidity. Apply
connections: solid forged, on
spiked, riveted, welded, glued. V
one-piece forged blades and front
the disk is stamped from one sheet. Most
riveted joints are often used. Welded
connection is used for wheels of large
diameter, especially for blades curved
back. In any case, the impellers
must be balanced.

Shoulder blades. The advantage of sheet
blades is the simplicity of design.
The disadvantage is high rigidity. Profiled
shell and shell-frame have
high rigidity and work at
circumferential speed up to 130 m/s.

input manifold.

Input devices are axial and
knee-shaped. Axial represent
a cylindrical or conical
pipe connecting inlet
wheels with atmosphere or suction
pipeline. knee-shaped
is a suction chamber
with a rectangular inlet.
The flow in such a chamber makes a turn
90. Section of the knee-shaped
boxes are usually larger than the section of the entrance to
wheel 2-2.5 times.Frame. Performed
in the form of a special case with parallel
side walls. At the exit from the body
conical can be installed
diffuser with opening angle up to 25.
Spiral chambers perform either
welded or riveted. Frame
is made removable. Most
fan cantilever designs
the body is suspended from the bracket
drive part. Such a design
allows you to get different schemes
assembly by rotating the body
relative to the axis. Only for large
double suction designs
the body is mounted on a frame or on
feet .Blower fan housing
due to strength and stiffness conditions
has a frame made of profiled steel and
sheathing from a thin sheet with a thickness of 4-6
mm. For dusty gases
body is made of sheet metal
thicker steel. Most
wear sheets are protected by overlays
steel or white cast iron. For chemically
active media body is made of
alloyed steel Kh18N9T.

Varieties of axial axial ventilation devices

Devices differ in different parameters:

by purpose:

1. Wall. Their installation is carried out inside the ventilation shafts or at the outlet behind the ventilation grille. To increase the cooling output, a diffuser is often installed, which increases the aerodynamics of axial fans.
2. Ceiling, when the rotation of the impeller, mounted on a long axis under the ceiling, circulates air in the room.
3. Rooftop. This variety includes all axial devices installed on the roof, including axial smoke exhaust fans.
4. Window panels are usually installed on the window and work on the principle of a mini-air conditioner, and the wall panel provided in the design facilitates the installation of the product on the window opening. The aerodynamics of axial fans allows you to fill the room with fresh outdoor air without unnecessary energy costs using window mechanisms.
5. Floor. These include most household appliances for cooling or heating (floor heaters with a compact device for dispersing warm air).
6. Household. These include coolers of the system computer unit, cooling of an automobile engine, hot air supply in a hair dryer.
7. Case. These models are designed to cool electrical appliances or to increase air circulation in a small room, they are characterized by low energy consumption and low noise level.
8. With lattice. The use of a ventilation device with a grille is very convenient: the presence of a grille allows installation in any place where there is a connection to the mains, it makes a slight noise during operation.
9. With wall panel. Due to the presence of the panel, the ventilation device is convenient for wall or window mounting, they are most often used to increase air flow.
10. Exhaust. Models of this type actively suck in fresh air, but blow out weaker. Installing a diffuser helps to partially solve this problem.
11. Forcing. This type is characterized by good blowing and weak suction of incoming masses.

according to the features of the structure of the body:

1. Case. These models are designed to cool electrical appliances or to increase air circulation in a small room, they are characterized by low energy consumption and low noise level.
2. With lattice. The use of a ventilation device with a grille is very convenient: the presence of a grille allows installation in any place where there is a connection to the mains, it makes a slight noise during operation.
3. With wall panel. Due to the presence of the panel, the ventilation device is convenient for wall or window mounting, they are most often used to increase air flow.

according to the method of movement of media:

1. If it is necessary to create an increased circulation, it is recommended to install both types of axial fans or it is possible to install a model with reversible ventilation.

according to the method of operation and the nature of the transported media:

1. General purpose. They are used to move by the method of backwater air non-dusty environments with a temperature not higher than 80⁰С. These include all appliances used in everyday life.
2. Corrosion resistant. They are made of stainless steel and other anti-corrosion compounds.
3. Heat resistant. For their manufacture, stainless steel and its analogues are used, they can withstand temperatures up to 200 ° C.
4. Explosion-proof. Their installation is carried out in the channel pipeline. With the help of explosion-proof ventilating devices, explosive atmospheres are transported.
5. Smoke extractors. Axial ones are additionally equipped with heat-resistant and anti-corrosion properties.

Some application examples

Ventilation is nowhere to be found. Here are a few examples when other devices cannot work without ventilation:

• on ships (marine and freshwater);
• in the apartment (especially in the kitchen and bathroom);
• in drying chambers of various types.

Ship ventilation devices

Three types of ship fans are installed on boats and ships:

1. Injection. These ship blowers are used when it is necessary to force air into the room, often equipped with a diffuser. Without ship blowing devices, the full operation of the boiler room, the supply of fresh oxygen to the boiler and the cooling of overheated parts are impossible.
2. Exhaust. Such axial ship instruments are capable of forcibly, by means of backwater, to remove air from the instruments. With the help of exhaust ship axial models, it is possible to quickly clean the premises from smoke and harmful emissions.
3. Forcing (windmills). Ship windmills are designed for forced circulation of air masses without extracting and replacing them.

Apartment ventilation

In the apartment, full ventilation in the kitchen, bathroom and restroom is especially important.

1. In the kitchen, the exhaust fan is always installed on the hood, installation at the outlet of the duct ventilation is additionally desirable, both fans for air boosting work almost silently.
2. In the restroom, the exhaust device is mounted on the outlet of the duct ventilation and helps to remove odors.
3. For a bathroom, the selection of a ventilation system is more difficult due to high humidity. It is not enough to simply install the hood on the duct ventilation, additional installation of condensers is required.

Drying chamber ventilation

Special drying chambers are used in everyday life and production. With the help of drying chambers you can:

• dry clothes;
• prepare dried fruits;
• reduce the moisture content of the wood.

Drying chambers are able to dry quickly, but for efficiency they need:

• the presence of capacitors;
• a fan that evenly distributes the supply air that has passed through the heating through the drying chamber.

With full ventilation and even distribution of heated supply air, the drying chamber will work efficiently with minimal energy consumption.

A short overview of the various axial fan options allows you to determine which device in terms of size, power consumption and technical characteristics is the best choice depending on the intended application.

Technical points

For the manufacture of the impeller, lightweight materials are used. She may be:

• plastic;
• duralumin;
• aluminum;
• for air transfer of aggressive media - from stainless steel.

The use of lightweight materials is due to the fact that a powerful engine is not required to rotate the blades. Even on industrial air blowers, motors with a power of more than 800 W are rarely used.

The main technical characteristics of the device depend on:

• axis rotation direction (left or right);
• the number of blades;
• forms of bladed blades (curved or flat);
• installed engine power;
• the size of the impeller in diameter;
• body shape (most often, the body has the shape of a cylinder);
• protective technique to reduce injuries: grille or blinds.

Sometimes they confuse centrifugal and axial fans, believing that they are one and the same, but the difference between these devices that enhance air flow is large. They differ in technical characteristics and in the principle of operation.

Kinds

Depending on the location and method of installation, all fans are divided into several groups:

1. floor;
2. desktop;
3. ceiling;
4. wall;
5. channel.

The most widely used in everyday life are floor, table and ceiling fans.

floor standing

The most convenient and functional is a floor fan. Thanks to the large blades, it is able to blow a large room.

It has many settings vertically and horizontally. Can work in one direction or automatically rotate horizontally up to 180 degrees.

As the name implies, it is installed on the floor on a special leg, thanks to which you can adjust the height of the device.

Some models are equipped with additional features:

• variety of speeds and modes of blowing;
• control with a remote control;
• sleep timer;
• LCD display, etc.

The disadvantages include:

• higher power consumption compared to desktop;
• large dimensions cause inconvenience if it is necessary to rearrange it indoors.

Desktop

Unlike floor fans, desktop fans are smaller, installed on a table or some other stand, have less power, all this leads to a decrease in the airflow area.

This type is suitable for individual use, it is very mobile, consumes little electricity, low price.

Flaws:

• small radius of airflow;
• Few additional features
• few settings;
• only suitable for small spaces.

Ceiling

This is a less popular model, since, in addition to the difficulties in fixing, the ceilings in the room must be high enough and it is not suitable for every apartment.

Due to the fact that the ceiling fan is attached directly to the ceiling, it does not occupy usable space in the room.

Thanks to their large blades and increased power, ceiling units can effectively and quickly cool large areas of the house.

It is installed mainly in large commercial premises: offices, shops, cafes, etc.

The disadvantages include:

• high cost;
• high power consumption.

ducted

These are usually built-in exhaust fans in the ventilation shaft in the kitchen or in the bathroom, which remove moist or polluted air from the room.