Plastering is a standard method for leveling walls in building construction and preparing them for final finishing. It must be done for any work, both external and carried out indoors. More recently, such operations did not differ in the variety of methods for their implementation and the materials used. The development of building technologies is rapidly advancing and today there is a large selection of materials necessary for finishing work. In order not to make mistakes during their implementation, it is required to correctly make a mortar for plaster, correctly maintaining the proportions.
If the solution is done correctly, it should include a filler and a binder component. The latter include lime, cement or clay - the choice is determined by the nature of the work performed and the place of their implementation. Traditional filler for wall plastering is an sand. If the aggregate is not added to the binder components, the strength of the plaster will suffer.
Types of solutions and proportions
- Mortar. It consists of one part of lime paste and from one to five parts of sand. The number of parts of the latter is determined by the fat content of lime. The mixture should have a medium degree of density and if it does not include gypsum, a similar amount of water should be added to it. Lime mortar must be prepared immediately on the day of its application.
- clay solution. The percentage of elements of the mixture is similar to that described in the previous case. Often, gypsum, lime or cement are added to it in order to strengthen the solution.
- Clay and lime mortar. It consists of: one part of clay, three to six parts of sand and 0.4 parts of lime.
- A solution of clay and gypsum. Includes one part of clay, one fourth of gypsum, three to five parts of sand. The amount of the latter is determined by the fat content of the clay.
- Clay mortar. The proportions of its preparation: one part of clay, three to five parts of sand, 0.2 parts of cement.
- Mortar of lime and gypsum. Includes one part of gypsum, 0.4 parts of lime and four parts of sand. Gypsum helps to speed up the hardening process of the mixture and, if necessary, can be replaced with alabaster or cement, which will not affect its quality in any way.
- cement mortar. The mixture can be made from one part of cement, 0.1 part of lime and five parts of sand. The solution is fixed after about forty minutes. It can be used in those rooms where there is high humidity.
- Mortar of cement and lime. The composition of the components is similar to the cement mortar, only lime oil is used instead of water.
The choice of material and the necessary tools
In order to make the right choice of material for plastering the walls of the premises, it is necessary to clearly understand the purpose for which the finishing is done, since we can talk about both the usual leveling of the surface and putty for the purpose of facing the building. It is the type of work performed that determines the answer to the question of how to prepare a solution for plastering walls.
First of all, you should understand the meaning of the concept of "plaster". Traditionally, this word refers to the hardened top layer of the surface, in addition, it is the mixture itself used for leveling purposes. This is also the name of the finishing process itself.
In order to make a mortar for plastering walls from cement putty with your own hands, you will need a plastic or metal bucket, a mixer and a drill.If it is not possible to use a special drill at low speeds, you can dilute the mixture using an ordinary drill, only in this case you need to switch to the minimum speed control mode. And it will rotate slowly and there will be enough revolutions. It is important to note that you should not use a regular packing bucket, because the mixer will break it.
Features of the solution application process
The correctness and quality of the process of plastering internal walls is influenced by many factors that should not be ignored:
- in a room whose walls should be plastered, it is required to maintain a certain temperature regime, since it is the temperature that determines the choice of material for work and its composition. If a mixture of sand and cement is used, work can be performed at air temperatures from 5 to 35 degrees Celsius and air humidity up to 60%. When using other components, follow the recommendations regarding temperature and air humidity issued by the manufacturer;
- if a decision is made to use a ready-made solution, the brand of which is known, it is necessary to carefully study the instructions attached to it;
- it is right to start doing plastering from the ceiling, gradually moving to the walls;
- each new layer of plaster should be applied only after the previously applied one has completely dried. At the same time, it is impossible to bring the case to the drying of the applied layer, otherwise the adhesion between the dry and new layers of plaster will be of poor quality;
- used in work tools extremely simple and must be kept in good working order. After finishing work, they should be thoroughly rinsed and cleaned.
After the plaster mortar is prepared, it can be applied to the previously prepared walls. In order to ensure high-quality adhesion of the mixture to the wall, it is necessary to make the upholstery of its surface dry. wooden shingles or reinforcing mesh. In the event that brick walls are being plastered, the joints between the bricks should be separated by at least four millimeters in depth. If the wall is made of concrete, notches must be made on it, and the wall surface must be moistened with water immediately before starting work.
The opinion is often expressed that it is easy to make a plaster mortar with your own hands and apply it correctly. Unfortunately, this is far from the case. If you do not know all the subtleties of its preparation and the exact ratios of the components that make up its composition, you will not be able to do the job efficiently.
