How to make a water filter with your own hands manufacturing features, tips for choosing a container

How to make a water filter

The easiest way to purify water is to pass it through a layer of charcoal. Most of the impurities remain in the filter, and the water is drinkable. Many pitcher filters work on the principle of charcoal cleaning. However, coal cannot rid water of chemical elements.

Another inconvenience is the need to regularly change the layer of coal through which water passes. A filter change is needed every three days, just enough to solve a home water filtration problem.

How to make a carbon filter?

• It is necessary to burn a sufficient amount of birch firewood in a metal container, such as a tank.
• The coals formed after burning, after they cool down, are placed in a funnel.
• The funnel is placed in a container for collecting filtered water, water is poured into the funnel itself from above.

Remember that such a filter cannot be used on an ongoing basis, the carbon layer quickly becomes clogged and needs to be replaced.

You can improve the carbon filter and make it more efficient by making a multilayer filter. In this case, a layer of sand is added to the coal layer. You will also need a piece of gauze or loose fabric.

• It is necessary to make coal, as in the first case.
• A fabric or gauze is placed in several layers in the neck of the funnel.
• A sufficient layer of charcoal is poured onto the fabric, a layer of river sand is poured onto the coal.
• It is better to pour a layer of gravel on the sand, which, in turn, is covered with a layer of gauze.

The further action of the filter is the same as in the first case. True, here purification will be much more effective. The only negative is the manufacturing time of such a filter. The filter media themselves also need to be changed frequently.

The third version of the carbon filter was most common among Soviet tourists and even soldiers during the war. Today, an activated charcoal tablet is in any kit for a foot soldier; it allows you to purify water for drinking in field conditions.

As you may have guessed, you can make such a filter from activated carbon. So, we make a water filter with our own hands.

• A layer of gauze or cloth is placed in a funnel or inverted plastic bottle without a bottom and with a hole in the lid.
• Activated charcoal tablets are poured on it.
• Water is poured onto the coal, which, passing through a layer of agents, is purified.

One standard tablet of activated charcoal is able to purify a liter of water, take this into account when calculating. In any case, there should be several tablets in the filter in order for the purification to be most effective.

The main condition for high-quality cleaning filter filler

The working container is selected in such a way that all the necessary filling fits into it. For absorption, a variety of components are used: artificial and natural. The latter have a higher filtration capacity. These include:

• sand from a river or quarry;
• gravel;
• zeolite;
• Activated carbon.

For primary rough cleaning, cloth cotton materials or even paper are usually used. According to hygienic requirements, they are very impractical: they constantly stay in a humid environment, rot, and an unpleasant odor appears. The very structure of such filters contributes to almost instantaneous pollution, which requires frequent replacement.

The best material for filtration is activated carbon

Artificial materials in this respect have the best performance. One of the most preferred is lutrasil. He is not afraid of moisture, dirt accumulates to a lesser extent than on cotton. Of the other fabric filters, synthetic filters are used, which are used in coffee machines - the cheapest.

Zeolite also belongs to minerals, but it has a disproportionately large filtration effect. It cuts off metal and salt impurities - everything that comes into the water from the agricultural industry: pesticides, herbicides, mineral fertilizers.

Zeolite used in homemade structures

In homemade devices, activated charcoal is most widely used. It equally qualitatively retains mineral formations and toxic substances. Another advantage is that the water after passing through it becomes transparent, unpleasant odors and microorganisms are eliminated.

Self-cooking coal is not particularly difficult. Wood of any breed, except coniferous, is used. Birch has the best qualities. Firewood is loaded into a metal container, which is placed on fire, ideally in a stove. When they are red hot, stop heating and let cool. If overexposed, valuable filtration properties are lost.

How to make a filter for a well with your own hands

Downhole filters are installed on the bottom pipe and lowered into the source along with the casing string, their independent production is pointless if you are not engaged in downhole drilling. The task is relevant for drilling organizations and individual drillers who want to make an inexpensive high-quality filter with high characteristics and parameters that are most suitable for a particular well (depth of occurrence, soil composition).

gravel

For a gravel filter device, do it yourself as follows:

1. First, the size of the gravel backfill is selected, taking into account the granulometric composition of the water-bearing sand. To do this, contaminated water is extracted to the surface, and after its filtration, the size of the sand particles is determined.
2. The gravel pack should have a granule size of approximately 8 times the minimum sand particle diameter or 5 times their maximum diameter. For example, if the dimensional parameters of water-bearing sand are 0.5 - 1 mm, the backfill should have dimensions of 4 - 5 mm, with grains of sand 0.25 - 0.5 mm. gravel sizes are 2 - 2.5 mm.
3. The sized gravel fraction is immersed to the well bottom by the method of free fall in the water flow, its minimum thickness is 50 mm.
4. Multi-layer filling is allowed, starting with larger fractions and moving to fine particles.

Rice. 11 Backfilling the casing

Perforated perforated well filter

A perforated filter can be made by yourself without much effort with a simple tool (drill with a suitable drill bit). When installing a perforated filter from 125 HDPE casing, proceed as follows:

1. The markup is made, marking the distance from the bottom plug to the end of the sump about 50 cm, the length of the filtering part with perforation is 110 cm.
2. 4 equidistant lines are drawn along the pipe, 4 rows of holes are drilled with a diameter of 20 - 22 mm. pen drill on wood - they must be performed in a checkerboard pattern. The distance between them should be about 10 cm.
3. The burrs formed during the drilling process are cleaned with sandpaper, you can singe them with a gas burner.

If the source is shallow, the number of holes can be increased to 8 rows, and perforated holes can be made almost the entire length of a 3-meter pipe, their number will be about 20 - 25 pieces in a row.

Rice. 12 Do-it-yourself perforated filter

slotted

The manufacture of a slotted filter is rarely carried out independently - the process is laborious and time-consuming, when it is constructed, the following is done:

1. Markings are made along the pipe surface, dividing it into 8 equal-sized sectors, drawing 8 lines and retreating from the ends by 50 cm.
2. To cut slots, they take a grinder with a disc for metal or concrete, while it should be borne in mind that the slots from the disc for metal will have a smaller width.
3. Cutting is done in 10 mm increments. to the width of the sector between the two lines, alternating free longitudinal sections with cut ones. At the same time, stiffening ribs 20 mm wide are left between the slots. through 10 - 20 lines.
4. After cutting out 4 longitudinal segments with slotted areas, their surface is cleaned of burrs with sandpaper.

Rice. 13 Plastic pipe with slots

Wire Mesh Filter Systems

Making a wire filter at home is not possible - to ensure a gap between the turns of the V-shaped wire of about 0.5 mm. it needs to be welded onto a rigid frame from the inside at thousands of points.

At home, mesh filters are most often made by doing the following:

1. They take as a basis a casing pipe with round holes made according to the technology described above. A nylon cord or stainless steel wire is wound onto its surface with a circumference of about 2 - 5 mm. with a distance between turns of 50 - 100 mm. The ends of the winding are fixed with brackets, screws or screwed with adhesive tape.
2. A metal or synthetic mesh is put on top of the winding; a second outer winding with wire or synthetic cord is used to fix it.

Rice. 14 Manufacture of the strainer

Design features of industrial and home-made installations

Purified from harmful chemical and bacteriological impurities, life-giving moisture is considered accessible to people only after filtration. In cities, due to the deterioration of communications to consumers, it comes with rust, lime inclusions and other additives. In such conditions, even the aquarium needs water purification, otherwise the fish will not survive.

If the house is connected to the water supply, the owners use washing machines, dishwashers, which are even more sensitive to water quality. Manufacturers equip their products with mesh filters, which provide coarse cleaning, but fine particles up to 5 microns are passed through. For many household devices, this is harmful, they need additional fine filtration.

Simple household filters for the home

Industrial units are produced separately for cold and hot water, it is unacceptable to use them for other purposes. In addition, a pressure regulator is required if pressure drops are observed in the pipes. All such installations have one or more cartridges plus a sump in the form of a flask or glass. The quality of the water depends on the material used and the cell dimensions of the working elements.

All of them require periodic replacement, because harmful impurities accumulate.
The cost depending on the design is sometimes very impressive. A do-it-yourself water filter allows you to get rid of unnecessary financial expenses, and the quality of cleaning may exceed some industrial designs.

A simple homemade device

Materials for filtration equipment

The efficiency of cleaning depends on the quality of the material for filtration, a limited number of them are used in wells, the main of which are:

Stainless steel. In addition to strength, the material has flexibility and excellent corrosion resistance; the durability of stainless steel is decades. Durable nets and wire are made from it, which are mounted on top of pipes. The disadvantages include the high cost of stainless products.

Plastic. Plastic is another common material for making filters in water sources, and it is cheaper to make meshes and cords than stainless steel. Plastic is corrosion resistant and inert to most chemicals, easy to install and has a long service life.The disadvantages of plastics include low physical strength, which does not allow them to withstand heavy loads at considerable depths.

Nonferrous metals. Copper, brass, bronze can be used in the manufacture of water filters without any restrictions, they have high corrosion resistance and a long service life. Soft alloys with a high copper content are recommended for use at shallow depths to avoid deformation from strong water pressure. In the manufacture of filter elements, a brass mesh and thick brass or copper wire are used.

Rice. 4 Casing Filter - Downhole Installation

Steel. Steel filters are susceptible to corrosion, and can be used as a budget option in water intake sources intended for technical needs. The increased content of iron oxide in water as a result of iron corrosion is more than 0.3 mg. per liter leaves a yellow residue on plumbing equipment and plumbing fixtures. Galvanized steel also rusts over time with the formation of zinc oxides that are harmful to human health - this material is not recommended for use in the construction of water filter elements.

Pool water treatment

Do-it-yourself sand filters allow you to filter a rather voluminous tank. They are simple in the device, their cost is half that of purchased ones. The design consists of the following parts:

• a container with a wide mouth;
• branch pipes for water supply and intake;
• quartz or glass sand as a filter.

It requires a plastic tank, usually a barrel, at the bottom of which there is a fine mesh with cells smaller than sand. Its fraction is from 0.4 to 0.8 mm.
The first one changes after 2 or 3 years. The second will last 5 years, but its cost is higher. Multilayer media is also used when the filter elements alternate from larger to smaller or gravel is included.

Dirty water is fed into a sealed container from above, suspended mineral and organic particles remain in the filter, and clean water enters the pool from below. To operate the device, a pump with a power of 150–300 W is required, which is usually installed in front of the tank. Then he pushes the liquid. If you put the pump after the tank, a vacuum is created in it, and water is sucked in. There is no fundamental difference in the two schemes, the procedure is provided in any case.

For the first option, you need a container with reliable tightness that can withstand the pressure created in it. Often use an expansion tank with a membrane. It is removed, and the inside of the case is painted to protect the iron from rust.

The use of a plastic barrel with a volume of at least 60 liters for such purposes is also possible. But not every such container can withstand pressure: they often tear out the lid or the sidewalls diverge at the joints. In this case, it is advisable to apply the connection diagram of the pump after the filter. The lid is additionally sealed to exclude the slightest air leakage. The master class will show the details in more detail.

For water inflow and intake, fittings are cut into the body, the joints are carefully sealed. A coarse filter is installed at the feed: an inexpensive cartridge or a bottle neck with a mesh. On the reverse side of the filter tank, a plastic pipe with holes is mounted, covered with non-woven material, through which even fine sand does not penetrate, and clean water flows into the pool.

If a pressure circuit is implemented, be sure to install a pressure gauge on the fitting in the tank cap or between the pump and the filter. It is more reliable to use a manifold that has a pressure sensor, air vent and safety valves. If the principle of suction is applied, a tap is cut into the lid. When the system is aired, it is enough to open it and bleed the air.

The filter with the top water inlet is placed below the level of the pool mirror. On both branch pipes, valves are installed that regulate the work. The place of release and intake is located as far as possible. Before turning on the pump, the tank is filled with liquid manually.

Type

What is a downhole filter for?

The need for filtration inside the well is caused by the following circumstances:

• Purified well water, in contrast to contaminated water, increases the life of submersible and surface pumps for wells - impellers, membranes and other moving parts wear out less.
• Filtered water, when further passing through the pipeline, less pollutes the filters in water purification systems located in the water supply system - this saves money on the purchase of new cartridges and increases their durability.
• Filtration increases the service life of automatic control systems for pumping equipment - pressure and idle speed switches, hydraulic accumulators.
• Purified water contributes to better patency of the water main, increases the life of plumbing units (check valves, ball valves, faucets).
• Additional well cleaning contributes to a better quality of drinking water used in the household.

Rice. 3 Filter element arrangement

Simple travel water filter

In order to design a water filter with our own hands, we will need:

• two identical plastic bottles with caps;
• a plastic tube with a diameter from the neck of a bottle;
• glue gun;
• a drill with a feather drill, or a strong sharp knife.

And now we will learn how to make a water filter:

1. Unscrew both caps from the bottles and glue them together on the front side with a hot glue gun.
2. Screw a feather drill with a diameter of 20 mm into the drill, and drill a through hole in the glued covers. In extreme conditions, it can be cut with a camp knife, but you have to tinker a little longer and be accurate.
3. Insert a plastic tube into the resulting hole. Its length should be slightly shorter than the height of the plastic bottle.
4. Take your bottles and screw them into the caps on both sides. One of the bottles will be put on a plastic tube.

Do-it-yourself water filter is ready! But how to purify water with it? Let's check:

1. Unscrew the empty bottle from this device and fill it with water that needs to be purified. Take any cloudy water with mud to better notice the difference.
2. Put the bottle on the table and screw the second part of the structure into it through the cap.
3. Leave the bottle somewhere in the sun or, if possible, cover it with a black cloth to enhance heat absorption. And you can immediately use a black plastic bottle.
4. After a few hours, check how our filter is doing. You will find that the liquid evaporates from the first container and passes through the tube into the catchment container, settling on its walls and flowing down. And the condensed water looks absolutely pure, just like bottled water from the store!
5. When enough water has collected, unscrew the water collection bottle, turn it over and unscrew the cap with the tube - that's it, you can enjoy clean water! True, it is better to boil it before use, if you have heat-resistant dishes and the ability to make a fire.

If you try to make this filter with your own hands at home, then no problems should arise. In extreme conditions, of course, you will have to use a knife instead of a drill, and think about where to get a plastic tube, or what you can replace it with. But water bottles and super glue are usually carried by any travelers.

We make a water filter with our own hands to clean well and borehole water

The problem of drinking water purification is becoming relevant not only for citizens, but also for rural residents. To make water from a well or well drinkable, you can make a water filter with your own hands.

Why filter well water?

It would seem that what could be cleaner than well water, sung in ancient Russian epics? Alas, modern reality is not at all like a fairy tale. Water in private wells can be contaminated with a variety of substances, such as:

• nitrates;
• bacteria and pathogens;
• impurities that impair the taste and quality of drinking water.

For an excess of nitrates in drinking water, i.e., salts of nitric acid, one should “thank” the farmers who widely use fertilizers and pesticides in the cultivation of agricultural products. Some of these substances inevitably seep into the aquifer of the soil.

The simplest filter can be made from a plastic bottle with filler

Poor quality and damage to equipment lead to the fact that an admixture of rust, sand, etc. appears in the water. Drinking such water is simply unpleasant. Therefore, for giving it is recommended to buy or make at least a simple water filter.

Overview of filtration materials

The principle of operation of the filter is simple and familiar to everyone. It is necessary to pass water through a layer of filter material. The filler may be different:

• the cloth;
• cotton wool;
• paper napkins;
• gauze;
• sand;
• grass;
• coal;
• lutraxil.

You can buy charcoal at the store or make your own.

For regular use, other materials are used, mainly charcoal. It is laid in layers, alternating with sand, gravel, grass, etc. Lutraxil is a synthetic material made from polypropylene fibers.

The simplest plastic bottle filter

The use of conventional household filters for a small cottage is rarely convenient. Such devices require water to flow from the water supply under a certain pressure, and not every country house has a water supply with suitable characteristics. Pitcher filters purify water too slowly.

In addition, you will have to constantly change cartridges. Therefore, a homemade water filter made from a plastic bottle and a bucket with a plastic lid may be the most viable option.

Homemade water filter can be made from an ordinary plastic bottle

This filter uses charcoal and ordinary cloth as a filler.

The simplest filter for giving is made in this way:

1. Cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle.

2. Cut a suitable hole in the plastic lid of the bucket.

3. Insert the bottle into the hole with the neck down.

4. Fill the filter with media.

On top of the receiving container, you need to install a plastic bottle with a volume of 10 liters, in the bottom of which a filling hole has been made. For the manufacture of the filter, you can use a piece of 40 mm polypropylene pipe. The top and bottom of the pipe are covered with pieces of perforated plastic, which is recommended to be fixed with hot glue. The pipe is filled with charcoal.

Such a homemade filter should fit tightly into the neck of a standard ten-liter bottle. It remains to connect the receiving tank with the filter and the bottle. A full bucket of well water can be immediately poured into the installation, which will be filtered after a few hours. Thus, the house will always have a supply of clean drinking water.

Three-flask design for a full plumbing

Happy owners of a full-fledged water supply in a private house can make a three-flask home-made filter for water purification. For this you need:

1. Buy three identical flasks.
2. Connect the flasks in series with two quarter-inch nipples. In this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the in / out designations in order to observe the direction of water movement.The threads of the nipples should be sealed with FUM tape.
3. The end holes of the flasks are connected to the quarter-inch tube with straight adapters.
4. Connect the filtration system to the water supply with a tee that is cut into the water supply using a 1/2” connector.
5. At the outlet, a standard tap for drinking water is connected to the filter system.
6. Fill the flasks with filter material. You can use a polypropylene cartridge, a carbon filter and an anti-scale filler.

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Water filter at home

The most elementary household water filter that you can make from improvised materials at home is a filter from cotton wool and paper napkins.

Please note that such filtration can only free water from dirt and debris, but not from chemical impurities, which, in some cases, can be hazardous to health.

• You need to prepare a bottle or funnel, as we did in previous cases.
• The bottle is filled with several layers of cotton wool and paper napkins in random order.
• The dirtier the water, the more filter material must be put into the funnel.
• The filter is ready, you just have to pour water on top and place a container under the funnel to collect clean water.

Such methods of making a household water filter are taught at school. If you know how to purify water for drinking, you will be able to put your knowledge into practice in a difficult situation. In any case, this is only a temporary replacement of the filter; it will be difficult to use such a filter on a permanent basis.

Anastasia Sergeeva

3 easy ways to make your own water filter

Depending on activity and weather conditions, a person can survive without water for 9-10 days, or even 2-3.

Therefore, it is important to always have a supply with you when going camping or somewhere where sources of drinking water may not be available. But what if you still find yourself in some extreme conditions? We will show you how to get out and make a good water filter with your own hands, and also tell you how to create such a purifier for your home or garden.

What is a well filter and its device

Well water is purified in two stages - by a well filter and surface filtration systems built into the water main. At the same time, the well filter has a structure consisting of three main elements:

• Overfilter section. Part that plays the role of fittings when mounted on a column.
• filter elements. Includes holes in the pipe of the desired size and external materials that are attached to it.
• Sump. The space for placing soil particles that got inside the source or sifted out by filter elements is the lower part of the filter without perforation. The sump for water from the well has a length of about 0.5 m.

Rice. 2 Filter design

Stationary filter device of three flasks

Now let's figure out how to make an effective filter on your own to connect it directly to the system. For these purposes, we need three flasks with the same geometric parameters, in which we need to place the filler.

From the containers prepared in this way, we will make a productive stationary filter for cleaning tap fluid, guided by the following diagram:

1. Take two 1/4 inch adapter nipples. Connect them all three flasks into one design.
2. Seal the joints of the nipples (their threads) with a sealing fluoroplastic tape (the so-called FUM material).
3. Connect the 1/4 inch holes of the two outermost flasks to the tube with straight adapters.
4. Insert the prepared filter into the pipeline (you will need a half-inch connector and a tee).
5. Connect a regular water tap to the outlet pipe of the filter.

High-quality water in modern conditions, especially drinking water, is a very rare phenomenon. If several decades ago there were still clean springs, wells, now it is a rarity even in rural areas. Agricultural firms pollute the soil no less than industry and herbicides. Mineral fertilizers inevitably penetrate into the sources. Water filtration has become a necessity.

Jug-type installations have become frequent guests in the kitchen in the city and in the country. For a small volume of liquid, they are effective. But if you need to clean tens or hundreds of liters, such devices are unsuitable. When the site has a well, a well, a pool, water filters are necessary. You can buy those designed for this purpose, but do-it-yourself ones are always cheaper.

Water preparation devices for food

You can clean dirty liquid at home with homemade filters. The resulting product does not always meet all requirements. Only the use of quality elements allows you to achieve the expected results. They retain mechanical, chemical and bacteriological impurities.

In the country, several types of hand-made filters are used:

• flowing coal;
• submersible for technical water in an aquarium, pool;
• external, allowing to get rid of mechanical pollution.

A home-made system is used when coarse filtration of water from a well, well, rainwater is necessary. Fine cleaning achieve the elimination of odors that are caused by the presence of bacteria.

Simple filters for the house from plastic containers

There is no better absorbent for a homemade device than activated carbon. It does not allow mechanical impurities, as well as many toxins and bacteriological harmful substances. For the manufacture of using dishes with a sealed lid, plastic pipes. For a small aquarium, disposable syringes are suitable.

The main thing is that the volume allows you to accommodate the required amount of filter material in several layers. The manufacturing process of the simplest device occurs in the following sequence:

1. 1.
   A plastic bottle or other similar container is taken, in which the bottom is cut off. Below, at a distance of about 2 cm, 2 holes are made with an awl.
2. 2.
   One 10 mm is also drilled in the lid. Alternatively, many small ones are pierced.
3. 3.
   They screw it onto the bottle and start laying the cleaning material. On the bottom and walls use natural fabric or ready-made filters, lutrasil.
4. 4.
   Next comes activated charcoal. Above - clean sand, then gravel, which alternate in several layers. The total volume should not exceed 2/3 of the container capacity.
5. 5.
   Everything is covered with a cloth that will not let large particles through. They hang it and fill it with water, waiting for it to be cleaned and poured into a clean dish.

The system has a disadvantage: filtering takes a long time.

It is more convenient to use 2 pieces of pipe, one of which is 4 times longer than the other. The short one is used for rough cleaning. Tightly install a lid from a plastic container in which a hole is made. A mesh is laid on it and the space is filled with pharmaceutical cotton wool or padding polyester. On the other hand, the pipe is also closed with a lid and a mesh.

One end of a long piece, which serves as a fine filter, is prepared in a similar way: a tight lid with a mesh. On the other hand - the neck of a plastic container. Pour in the filter material, each layer in turn. Both parts of the structure are connected.

Do-it-yourself water purification for a home aquarium is also simple. Requires 2 disposable 10 ml syringes with cut-off spouts. They are interconnected, holes are made along the entire length. A tube with a sprayer at the end is placed inside, and if you add zeolite, the water quality will increase - nitrites will be removed. Outside, the device is wrapped with a sponge.