Installation rules
Triple fitting
Before proceeding with installation work in an apartment building, you will need to notify your neighbors so that they temporarily do not use plumbing fixtures. Then it is necessary to shut off the water supply and free the workplace from foreign objects.
If you are planning to replace an old splitter, the first thing to do is to remove the worn part. Even dilapidated cast-iron splitters are strong enough to break them with a hammer, you need to make a lot of effort. It is necessary to caulk the joints and loosen the fitting at the joints. When performing such work, care is required to avoid damage to entire elements.
Before assembly, it is better to treat the docking points with silicone plumbing sealant. This will contribute to an easy and reliable connection, prevent possible leaks and the appearance of fungus.
Installation of crosses can be carried out in a vertical plane on the main sewer branches and in a horizontal plane - in additional branches.
In the first case, the installation is carried out as follows:
- A drain pipe is mounted on which a crosspiece will be planted.
- The rubber seal is coated with sanitary silicone.
- The splitter is placed so that the taps are located in the same plane with the bearing wall.
- The structure is temporarily fixed to the wall so that 50–70 mm remain before the cross for the convenience of the subsequent installation of pipes.
- The outlet is mounted in a vertical direction.
- According to the general technology, horizontal branches are installed, taking into account the slope of the pipe sections towards the branch at an angle of 3–5 degrees.
Pyaternik sewer
After installing all the bends, the cross is rigidly fixed to the bearing wall.
In the horizontal direction, the structure is mounted taking into account the inclination of the outlet pipe at an angle of 3–5 degrees to the horizontal plane. Installation is carried out in five stages:
- Installation and fixing of the outlet pipe.
- Processing with sanitary silicone of the docking points.
- Installation of a splitter with observance of a slope.
- Alternate installation of a direct inlet pipe, taking into account the angle of inclination and side pipes.
- Fixing the resulting structure with clamps and guides.
The arrangement of a splitter of complex configuration with branches of different sections is carried out in a similar way, while taking into account the location of the outlet elements in directions.
How to change the height of the inlet in the riser
If you transfer the receiving hole below, keep in mind that the riser is a common house communication. If you do something wrong and deprive the upstairs neighbors of the opportunity to use the toilet normally, it will not turn out to be good for you.
If you cut the sewer into the riser lower than it is connected, consider the following. Without damage to the floor slab, the minimum height of the inlet from the floor is 2.5 cm. To connect the lounger to the riser, you must use a clamp that blocks the drain hole by at least a quarter of the diameter in each direction.
The diameter of the lounger is 90-110 mm, therefore, in order to lower it lower than 2.5 cm, it is necessary to damage the floor slab.
The process of connecting to a riser is described in detail in the article Tapping into a sewer pipe - basic rules and points of tapping.
Unless you are a professional builder, do not damage the floor slab. It's life-threatening. Under Russian law, making changes to the design of a building without the approval of the city's architecture department is illegal and punishable by a heavy fine.
If the minimum distance from the floor to the inlet of the riser does not allow you to create the correct slope, raise the inlet of the sunbed. To do this, raise the floor level or the installation level of plumbing fixtures.
The purpose of the cross and the material of manufacture
The cross is used to connect two or more drains to the riser
The cross is an indispensable element in the sewer pipeline, it serves to connect additional communication branches. Plumbing products are made of durable material. They have a smooth inner surface, which helps to reduce the risk of blockages in the sewer line.
Modern fittings are made from polypropylene and PVC. Polypropylene products are wear-resistant, do not emit excessive noise, work perfectly at temperatures up to 95 degrees. They are also immune to a variety of chemicals, before use they do not need additional coating or painting. A high-quality cross is quite elastic, which means that its use contributes to the uninterrupted operation of the sewer system for half a century.
PVC parts are slightly less durable and wear resistant. But they are cheaper.
Cast-iron crosses for distributing sewer pipes have not gone out of use either. Due to their strength, HCs are used in industry, mining, chemical plants and other types of industries.
Features of dismantling the old cast-iron riser
Remember that when working with cast iron products, you should be careful. This material is extremely fragile.
If you carry out an individual replacement of sewer pipes from cast iron to plastic, there is a high risk of damage to the neighbors' cast iron riser. Since dismantling involves working with a sledgehammer, the pipe can easily crack, and this is fraught with a flood among neighbors. It is for this reason that it is recommended to carry out work simultaneously.
Remember that leaving some sections of cast iron pipes between floors is dangerous and wrong. There are no visible damages even if the mudflow has deteriorated, the worn material could become covered with microcracks, due to which a “fragrant” leak may occur inside the wall in the future. And, of course, the owner will have to answer for her, who unfairly completed the reconstruction of the sewer.
If the neighbors still do not agree to replace the cast iron sewer pipes, then the issue is easily resolved through the management company. So, the amount of further utility bills will include the item “Capital and current repairs of the water supply system”. If you make a deal in this way, payment for the replacement of the sewer system is carried out from the funds paid by the tenants.
Cast iron pipes, along with the advantages, have a lot of disadvantages. Therefore, today it is recommended to install a cheaper, but by no means the worst option - a plastic sewer.
Selection Guide
Two-plane cross
When purchasing fan splitters, check the device for cracks, chips and other defects. Also check the rubber seals. They should not be jammed, otherwise, after installation, the connection will “siphon”.
To connect sections of the horizontal direction in the sewer, when assembling connections under the ceiling, the best option would be to use straight crosses.
Two baths, located on both sides of the riser, are connected to the sewer line only using an oblique device. Installation of such splitters should not be carried out in a horizontal direction. This is explained by the fact that in the event of a salvo discharge of one or more branches, the failure of hydraulic valves is likely.
Types and sizes of devices
Single-plane cross
Crosspieces belong to the varieties of fittings for sewerage.They are also called fan splitters. According to the configuration in space, devices are divided into three types:
- Single plane fittings are needed to connect auxiliary branches to the main pipeline in one plane.
- Two-plane splitters are used to install taps in two planes - from the main highways to plumbing fixtures.
- The three-plane type of sewer crosses is used in the arrangement of sanitary facilities of a non-standard layout. The fitting allows you to connect several pipelines into a single complex at once.
A two- or three-plane sewer device with five outlets is called a five.
Fan splitters are also divided into straight and oblique. The first option is used to connect sewer pipes located in perpendicular planes relative to each other. In the second case, the branch angles can have different values - 90 and 135 degrees.
Devices also differ in size, which is indicated in the marking. Crosses of a simple type are marked three-digit 110x110x110. This reports that all outlets have a cross section of 110 millimeters. Such a part may be suitable for installation with a recumbent system. A part with a larger or smaller cross section can only be connected using a special insert.
