Correct selection
An interesting nuance: the name of this equipment does not depend on its design, but on the field of application. When it comes to water supply, the tank is called a hydraulic accumulator. And a container built into the heating with the same structural characteristics will be called a membrane or expansion tank.
But it is important to take into account the information specified by the manufacturer. Each product has its own operating temperature and pressure:
- up to 4 atmospheres and up to 120 degrees Celsius - for heating;
- up to 12 atmospheres and up to 80 degrees - for water supply.
By volume, not the cheapest tank is selected, but corresponding to the parameters of the system.
To normalize the pressure in the heating system, a number of devices are used. But the most important of them is either a hydraulic accumulator. Its design makes it possible to automatically stabilize the pressure indicators of the coolant when the temperature regime changes.
Purpose
The accumulator is installed only for closed-type heating systems. They are characterized by high water pressure, which occurs due to its heating. Therefore, when the permissible indicator is exceeded, a compensation system is necessary. This is what the accumulator is for.
It is a steel structure, which is divided into two chambers inside. One of them is designed to be filled with water from the heating system, and the second serves as an air compensator. To set the optimal pressure indicator in the air chamber, a valve is provided in the accumulator. With its help, the degree of air injection is changed, thereby adapting the device to the parameters of a particular heating system.
The chambers are separated by an elastic membrane or rubber balloon. When the temperature of the water in the pipes rises above the critical one, a pressure jump occurs. The liquid, expanding, begins to put pressure on the walls of the separating membrane. She, in turn, under the influence of this force increases the volume of filling the water chamber. This leads to normalization of pressure within the entire system.
Connection rules, diagram
When installing a hydraulic accumulator, certain rules should be followed. First of all, it is necessary to select a site in the heat main where it will be installed. Experts recommend mounting the expansion tank in the return pipe with chilled water. But at the same time, it must be installed before the pumping equipment. The general installation scheme is as follows.
As you can see, a safety valve is installed to protect the line from the pressure drop of the liquid at the outlet of the heating equipment. It performs the same functions as a hydraulic accumulator, but is designed for higher pressure surges. An expansion tank is necessary to normalize the operation of heating with small pressure drops.
Before starting installation, consider the following features:
- Choice of installation location. The main requirement for it is free access to the device. This applies in particular to the air chamber control valve.
- In the area between and the expansion tank, there should not be other shut-off or control valves. It can make significant changes in hydraulic resistance.
- The temperature in the room where the accumulator is installed must not be below 0°C.
- Its surface should not experience mechanical loads or external influences.
- The operation of the pressure reducer to release air from the chambers must be set according to the parameters of the heating system.
Guided by these rules, you can independently install an expansion tank.But at the same time, you should follow the rules for connecting, use products made of high-quality material and calculate the optimal volume of the tank.
For the calculation, it is necessary to know the total volume of the heating system, the optimal and maximum pressure in it, as well as the expansion coefficient of water. The formula for calculating the size of a membrane type hydraulic accumulator:
- e - coefficient of expansion of water - 0.04318;
- C is the total volume of the heating system;
- Pi is the initial pressure;
- Pf is the maximum pressure.
Consider an example of a calculation for heating with a total volume of 500 liters, an optimal pressure of 1.5 bar, and a maximum of 3 bar.
This technique will allow you to correctly select and connect an expansion tank for a closed-type heating system.
How to choose the volume of the water supply accumulator
The more often there is a change in the phases of operation and idle time of circulation pumps in the water supply system, the higher the energy consumption and wear of components and parts in the hydraulic system equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a hydraulic accumulator based on reducing the number of starts of the pump motor. The main criterion in this choice is to determine the optimal volume of the hydraulic tank. In this case, both general (approximate) recommendations and quite specific and accurate calculation methods can be used.
To save energy and prolong the service life, the pump should be started no more than 30 times per hour. For an approximate calculation of the volume, you will have to take into account several more parameters:
- Pump performance (QH). The average household pump has a capacity of approximately 2-3 m3 / h (2000-3000 l / h);
- Useful volume of the hydraulic accumulator (VEF). This is the amount of liquid (water) that can be extracted from the hydraulic tank within min. and max. relay actuation pressure. In life, it is in the region of 40% of the total capacity.
To ensure this condition, you need to choose a GA with a total volume of at least:
V_min=Q_H/(30∙V_EF)=(2000…3000)/(30∙0.4)=170…250l
In the event that the volume of water in the accumulator is used as a reserve, for example, in the absence of electricity, a tank with a capacity of 24 liters or more is sufficient for a family of 1-2 people. For three consumers, tanks from 50 liters are recommended, and for four or more - from 100 liters.
It would seem that the larger the volume of the tank, the better. But do not forget that the water supply is just an additional bonus and the desire to increase it can have disadvantages:
- Such a hydraulic tank takes up a lot of space, which means that you will have to have a large room to accommodate it.
- With a large volume and low consumption, the water in the tank may stagnate.
- It is not a fact that the minimum number of starts of the electric motor will extend the life of the pump
Connecting a hydraulic tank is a minimum of complexity
Self-installation of the accumulator in the water supply system does not cause any serious problems. If the device is connected to networks with surface-type pumping equipment, the procedure will be as follows:
- Measure the pressure inside the accumulator. Its value should be 0.2-1 bar less than the pressure of the pump start switch.
- Prepare a fitting for connecting the relay, hydraulic tank, pressure gauge and pump into one circuit. Nuance. Take a fitting with five outlets. An "extra" entrance will be required to connect the water pipe.
- Buy a pressure adjustment switch, as well as a fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM tape) or tow with.
- Connect the fitting to the tank using a flange (it must have a bypass valve) or a rigid hose.
- Screw in turn all parts of the system. The last connection is made to the pipe that leads to the pumping device.
The installed tank should be checked for leaks. If there are any, it is necessary to additionally seal the junctions of the individual elements of the device with FUM tape or a suitable sealant.
When using a hydraulic tank in systems with a submersible pump, it must be taken into account that the latter is installed directly in the place where water enters the residential building (in a well, a well). Such a scheme is potentially unsafe. There is a high probability of "rollback" of water back to the source. How to avoid it? Quite simply - by installing a special check valve. It is placed directly on the pump in front of the water pipe. The procedure for connecting the hydraulic tank will be similar to the scheme described above. But with one change. First you need to install a check valve. And only after that connect all elements of the hydraulic accumulator to the water supply network.
Choose and install a hydraulic tank in your home so that you never know problems with an autonomous water supply system!
The hydraulic accumulator is an expansion membrane tank suitable for operation with drinking water in water supply systems.
What then can fail there, does it make sense to overpay for a brand and are all hydraulic accumulators really the same?
In this article, we will consider how some hydraulic accumulators can differ from others, and most importantly, we will understand what factors affect their cost
.
How the hydraulic accumulator works simple and reliable design
A stable functioning plumbing system of a private dwelling is the merit of its owner. People who have experienced the installation and operation of autonomous water supply networks realize how difficult it is to avoid failures in the supply of water in such complexes. Sometimes just one pressure surge is enough for expensive equipment connected to the water supply (for example, a water heater, a dishwashing machine) to fail. There is only one solution to this problem - the installation of a hydraulic accumulator. It maintains the set pressure in the system, creates a certain supply of water and eliminates the risk of damage to household electrical equipment.
The need to install such a device is obvious.
The device of the accumulator is quite simple. It is made in the form of a metal tank, inside which a rubber (rubber) membrane is installed. The latter is visually similar to a pear. The membrane is fixed on the body of the hydraulic tank by means of a special flange with a branch pipe. Water accumulates in the bulb under pressure. The space between the battery case and the membrane is filled with compressed air (if we are talking about household appliances) or an inert gas composition (industrial hydraulic tanks). The pressure in the system is maintained at the level of 1.5–3 bar. Air can be pumped into a hydraulic accumulator at home using a conventional car or even a bicycle pump.
The considered devices are usually divided into three types:
- 1.
For cold water supply systems. The device supplies water and accumulates it, protects pumping equipment from early wear due to frequent switching on and off of the system, protects electrical equipment in the house from water hammer. - 2.
For hot water. Such a hydraulic accumulator for water supply systems can work without problems in high-temperature environments. - 3.
Expansion tanks. They are designed for closed water heating systems.
The device and principle of operation of all these devices are identical. We will describe how such equipment works below.
Balloon or membrane
Hydraulic accumulators are divided into two main types - membrane and balloon. The principle of operation of both types is similar - an elastic film of rubber expands or contracts under the influence of pressure from water and compressed air. The main difference is that in a membrane tank, the water coming from the well comes into contact with the metal walls of the tank, which can potentially lead to corrosion.In a tank with a rubber balloon, water comes into contact only with the balloon itself, without touching the metal walls. The absence of conditions for the development of corrosion prolongs the life of the balloon accumulator.
Additional convenience lies in the fact that the balloon, unlike the membrane, is a replaceable part. Carrying out the replacement will not cause any difficulties - even a non-specialist can do it. As a result, maintenance of a hydraulic accumulator with a cylinder will be cheaper. Taking into account the above factors of practicality and reliability, balloon accumulators are the best solution for individual water supply.
An important factor when choosing a hydraulic accumulator is the cost of spare parts.
Please note that some manufacturers may unreasonably inflate the price of components. For example, a rubber bladder can cost half or even more of the cost of the entire hydraulic accumulator.
Installation of a heat accumulator
Improving the operation of heating with additional devices with your own hands will make it necessary to carry out the following work:
Make a detailed diagram
When developing a drawing, you need to take into account where the heating accumulator is located, the insulating layer, the height of the accumulator capacity, the presence of drainage for drainage - factors to reduce heat loss;
Build a manifold-distributor into the system, making sure that the various systems are connected correctly;
Having connected the parts of the pipeline, check the tightness of the connections;
Connect the storage tank;
Connect the circulation pump;
After completing the assembly work with your own hands, carry out a test control of the tightness and correctness of the connections .. In order for the pump not to turn on every time a tap is opened in the house, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the system
It contains a certain amount of water, sufficient for a small flow. This allows you to practically get rid of short-term switching on of the pump. Installing a hydraulic accumulator is not difficult, but you will need a certain number of devices - at least - a pressure switch, and it is also desirable to have a pressure gauge and an air vent
In order for the pump not to turn on every time a tap is opened in the house, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the system. It contains a certain amount of water, sufficient for a small flow. This allows you to practically get rid of short-term switching on of the pump. Installing a hydraulic accumulator is not difficult, but a certain number of devices will be required - at least - a pressure switch, and it is also desirable to have a pressure gauge and an air vent.
Optimal accumulator pressure
The air pressure in the hydraulic tank in the absence of water is one of the main operating parameters. This parameter is different for each accumulator and is indicated in its technical data sheet. Small fluctuations from the nominal value are allowed, but a significant excess or decrease in pressure should be avoided, as the service life of the rubber bladder (membrane) is reduced. For the operation of the water supply system, the switching on pressure of the pump must be at least 0.5 bar higher than the working air pressure in the accumulator.
The number of storeys of the building can influence the nominal pressure. For example, if the accumulator will be in the basement of a two-story building, then the minimum pressure in the water supply system should be 2 bar. 1 bar of pressure is needed to raise water to a height of 10 m, another 1 bar to create the necessary water pressure in the tap at the consumer. In our case, 10 m is the average height difference between the basement and the second floor. Taking into account the pressure of 0.5 bar created by the borehole pump, the working pressure in the accumulator should be equal to 1.5 bar.
The pressure values for turning on and off the borehole pump can be set programmatically in the automatic control unit. The sensor is a pressure switch.Correctly set pressure values will reduce the frequency of switching on the pump and maintain the necessary pressure in the water supply system. The effective operation of the accumulator occurs if the difference between the pressure on and off the pump is from 1.5 to 4.5 bar.
Functions, purpose, types
Place of installation - in the pit or in the house
In the water supply system of a private house without a hydraulic accumulator, the pump turns on whenever water flows somewhere. These frequent inclusions lead to wear of the equipment. And not only the pump, but the entire system as a whole. After all, every time there is an abrupt increase in pressure, and this is a water hammer. To reduce the number of pump turns on and smooth out the water hammer, a hydraulic accumulator is used. The same device is called an expansion or membrane tank, hydraulic tank.
Purpose
We found out one of the functions of hydraulic accumulators - to smooth out hydraulic shocks. But there are others:
It is not surprising that this device is present in most private water supply systems - there are many advantages from its use.
Kinds
A hydraulic accumulator is a sheet metal tank divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. There are two types of membrane - diaphragm and balloon (pear). The diaphragm is attached across the tank, the balloon in the form of a pear is fixed at the inlet around the inlet pipe.
By appointment, they are of three types:
- for cold water;
- for hot water;
- for heating systems.
Hydraulic tanks for heating are painted red, tanks for plumbing are painted blue. Expansion tanks for heating are usually smaller and cheaper. This is due to the material of the membrane - for water supply it must be neutral, because the water in the pipeline is drinking.
According to the type of location, accumulators are horizontal and vertical. Vertical ones are equipped with legs, some models have plates for hanging on the wall. It is the models that are elongated upwards that are more often used when creating the plumbing systems of a private house on their own - they take up less space. The connection of this type of accumulator is standard - through a 1-inch outlet.
Horizontal models are usually completed with pumping stations with surface-type pumps. Then the pump is placed on top of the tank. It turns out compact.
Principle of operation
Radial membranes (in the form of a plate) are used mainly in gyroaccumulators for heating systems. For water supply, a rubber bulb is mainly installed inside. How does such a system work? As long as there is only air inside, the pressure inside is standard - the one set at the factory (1.5 atm) or which you set yourself. The pump turns on, starts pumping water into the tank, the pear begins to grow in size. Water gradually fills an increasing volume, more and more compressing the air that is between the tank wall and the membrane. When a certain pressure is reached (usually for one-story houses it is 2.8 - 3 atm), the pump turns off, the pressure in the system stabilizes. When you open a tap or other flow of water, it comes from the accumulator. It flows until the pressure in the tank drops below a certain level (usually about 1.6-1.8 atm). Then the pump turns on, the cycle repeats again.
If the flow is large and constant - you are taking a bath, for example, - the pump pumps water in transit, without pumping it into the tank. The tank begins to fill after all the taps are closed.
The water pressure switch is responsible for turning the pump on and off at a certain pressure. In most accumulator piping schemes, this device is present - such a system works in the optimal mode. We will consider connecting the accumulator a little lower, but for now let's talk about the tank itself and its parameters.
Large volume tanks
The internal structure of accumulators with a volume of 100 liters and above is slightly different.The pear is different - it is attached to the body both above and below. With this structure, it becomes possible to deal with the air that is present in the water. To do this, there is an outlet in the upper part, into which a valve for automatic air release can be connected.
What is a hydraulic accumulator
A hydraulic tank (or hydraulic accumulator) is a water tank with a rubber elastic membrane (resembling a pear in appearance) located inside the tank and having a tight connection with the metal body of the tank. This connection is made using a flange with a threaded connection to connect the device to the water supply. The cavity between the membrane and the metal body of the hydraulic tank is filled with compressed air, usually the pressure is 1.5-2 bar. Hydraulic accumulators are used to maintain constant pressure and create a reserve of water in domestic or industrial conditions. It is this unit that, when the pump is turned off, provides the required pressure in the system.
Fig.1.
Hydraulic accumulator device
1 - metal case; 2 - rubber membrane; 3 - flange with a valve (let air through); 4 - nipple for pumping air into free space; 5 - cavity for compressed air; 6 - supports; 7 - platform for the pump.
More about the device of the hydraulic tank in the video:
Back to content
Peculiarities
The hydraulic tank is called a hydraulic accumulator or a membrane tank. It is used to maintain a stable level of pressure in the plumbing system. Also, the product protects the pump from wear, the drainage system itself from water hammer. Due to the hydraulic tank, you can use water even in the absence of voltage.
Advantages of vertical hydraulic tanks:
- Protection of the pump against early wear.
- Maintaining stable pressure in the plumbing system.
- Protection against water hammer, which may occur during the launch of alluvial equipment. Water hammer can damage the pipeline.
- Maintenance of water reserves in the system.
Vertical accumulators have disadvantages, which are complex installation. Installation will require effort and some skills.
The principle of operation of the hydraulic tank how everything happens
When the pumping equipment is turned on, water begins to flow into the membrane. The volume of the pear increases. This causes the air in the accumulator housing (outside the membrane) to compress and form some pressure. When the set value of the latter is reached, the electric pump is switched off by the command of the control relay. Compressed air presses on the water in the pear and pushes it through the plumbing. The consumer opens the tap. Water begins to flow through it, coming from a hydraulic tank at a predetermined pressure.
After a while, the water in the membrane becomes less. As a result, the pressure also decreases. When it becomes minimal, the relay is activated again, the pump starts automatically. Then everything goes according to the scheme already described above. The pumping equipment starts up more often, the smaller the hydraulic tank is used. The optimum capacity of a hydraulic accumulator for domestic use is 100 liters. In this case, the relay operates no more than 5–15 times in 60 minutes. With such indicators, the wear of hydraulic equipment will be minimal.
It is important to understand that more frequent pump starts lead to premature wear of the membrane and other battery elements.
Water entering domestic hydraulic tanks most often rises from wells or specially equipped wells. Such a liquid is characterized by increased oxygen saturation. It can accumulate in a pear, standing out during the operation of home plumbing. Oxygen must be periodically removed from the system. For these purposes, in many models of hydraulic accumulators, a special valve is mounted on the body (in its upper part). If necessary, he independently bleeds excess oxygen.
Active operation of the hydraulic tank often causes a decrease in air pressure. None of the equipment is insured against such natural wear and tear. Experts recommend once every 10-12 months to completely empty the battery and check the pressure indicator. This simple procedure will guarantee the comfortable use of water supply in a private home.
Hydraulic accumulator volume
Do not buy a hydraulic accumulator, focusing on what your friends or neighbors in the country have installed. This model may not work for you. The volume of the hydraulic accumulator (like all other equipment!) Should be selected only on the basis of the results of the hydraulic calculation. The number of models on the market is quite large.
Is there an optimum hydraulic tank size? As we have already said, only a hydraulic calculation can accurately indicate a specific model of hydraulic equipment that is best suited to your conditions. But the number of typical volumes for various models of hydraulic tanks is not so large. That is, if, according to the results of the calculation, you need a tank with a volume of 51.5 liters, then you will not be able to find such a tank on sale. You will be advised to purchase a 60L hydraulic tank. Extra liters of volume will not harm, and will even allow you to slightly increase the supply of water and reduce the number of pump starts.
The experience of engineers who select and install water-lifting equipment tells us the following:
- a hydraulic accumulator with a volume of 25 liters can be installed in the water supply system for three consumers with a borehole pump capacity of 2 m3 / h.
- in a system with a number of consumers 4-8 and a pump capacity of 3.0-3.5 m3 / h, a hydraulic tank with a volume of 60 liters is optimal.
- if the number of consumers is more than 10 and the pump capacity is 5 m3/h, then the optimal tank volume will be 100 liters.
Is there a difference between vertical and horizontal accumulators
The tanks described in the article are mounted according to two schemes: vertically and horizontally. The specific type of accumulator should be selected based on how compactly it fits into the area that will be set aside for its installation. In addition, in vertical and horizontal devices, air is removed from the membrane in different ways.
It is important. In vertical devices, the accumulated oxygen is bled off by means of a safety valve (we already mentioned it)
But in horizontal it is necessary to additionally install a special pipeline to remove air. Structurally, the additional line consists of a ball valve, a drain and a nipple (it is called an outlet).
Pay attention to the following nuances:
- Vertical accumulators with a volume of less than 100 liters are never equipped with a safety valve. Bleeding air in such devices is carried out by completely emptying them.
- It is more reasonable to connect horizontal hydraulic tanks to external pumps, vertical ones to submersible ones installed inside a room specially designated for them.
The possibility of bleeding air must be present in any hydraulic tank. If you do not release the equipment from the accumulated oxygen in it, air jams will appear in the water supply system very quickly. They will not allow you to effectively operate the domestic water supply system.
Connecting the accumulator to the system
Typically, the water supply system of a private house consists of:
In this scheme, a pressure gauge may also be present - for operational pressure control, but this device is not necessary. It can be periodically connected - for test measurements.
With or without 5-pin fitting
If the pump is of a surface type, the accumulator is usually placed near it. In this case, a check valve is installed on the suction pipeline, and all other devices are installed in one bundle.They are usually connected using a five-pin fitting.
It has leads with different diameters, just for the devices used for tying the accumulator. Therefore, the system is most often assembled on its basis. But this element is not at all necessary and everything can be connected using ordinary fittings and pieces of pipes, but this is a more time-consuming task, and there will be more connections.
How to connect a hydraulic accumulator to a well - a diagram without a five-pin fitting
With one of its inch outlets, the fitting is screwed onto the tank - the branch pipe is located at the bottom. A pressure switch and pressure gauge are connected to the 1/4 inch outlets. A pipe from the pump and wiring to consumers are connected to the remaining free inch outlets. That's all the connection of the gyroaccumulator to the pump. If you are assembling a water supply scheme with a surface pump, you can use a flexible hose in a metal winding (with inch fittings) - it is easier to work with it.
A visual diagram of the connection of the pump and accumulator - where necessary, use hoses or pipes
As usual, there are several options, you choose.
Connect the accumulator to the submersible pump in the same way. The whole difference is where the pump is installed and where to supply power, but this has nothing to do with installing a hydraulic accumulator. He puts it in the place where the pipes from the pump go. Connection - one to one (see diagram).
How to install two hydraulic tanks on one pump
When operating the system, sometimes the owners come to the conclusion that the available volume of the accumulator is not enough for them. In this case, a second (third, fourth, etc.) hydraulic tank of any volume can be installed in parallel.
There is no need to reconfigure the system, the relay will monitor the pressure in the tank on which it is installed, and the viability of such a system is much higher. After all, if the first accumulator is damaged, the second one will work. There is another positive point - two tanks of 50 liters each cost less than one of 100. The point is a more complex technology for the production of large containers. So it's also more cost effective.
How to connect a second accumulator to the system? Screw a tee onto the input of the first one, connect the input from the pump (five-pin fitting) to one free output, and the second container to the remaining free output. Everything. You can test the circuit.
To avoid depressurization of joints and heating equipment, a hydraulic accumulator or expansion tank is mounted in the system. This node provides constant pressure - when expanding, water goes into it and does not harm the system.
Calculation of the hydraulic accumulator of the heating system Heating system
» Heat accumulators
The house heating assembly has different parts. These mounting points are undeniably important. Therefore, the correspondence of parts of the system must be done technically competently.
On the open page, we can find and select the necessary parts of the system for the apartment.
The heating scheme includes a heat control mechanism, circulation pumps, radiators, wires or pipes, thermostats, a mounting system, fittings, automatic air vents, a heating boiler, an expansion tank.
Calculation of the hydraulic accumulator of the heating system
Two methods can be used to determine the volume: according to the type of pump used in the system or according to the "Flow Units" method, i.e. taking into account the maximum water flow.
AVERAGE PUMP CAPACITY
This method is used to calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator based on the average pump performance (corresponding to the maximum water flow Qmax ) and the minimum and maximum dynamic pressure values (taking into account level differences, losses, etc.).
Vt is the volume of the accumulator in liters.
Qmax is the average pump performance equal to the maximum water flow (in liters / min).
a is the maximum allowable number of pump starts per hour (value recommended by the pump manufacturer).
Pmax is the maximum absolute pressure to which the pressure switch is set, equal to relative pressure + 1 atm.
Pmin - the minimum absolute pressure to which the pressure switch is set, equal to the relative pressure + 1atm, which should not be lower than (height of the building in meters) / 10 + 1atm
Example: determine the volume of the accumulator for a system with a pressure switch set to a minimum pressure of 2.5 bar and a maximum pressure of 4.5 bar with a required water flow of 115 l/min.
?P =5.5-3.5=2 ATA;
Pprec=3.5-0.5=3ATA;
Vt =16.5*115*5.5*3.5/12/2/3=507.32 l
METHOD "UNITS OF CONSUMPTION"
This method is used to calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator based on the maximum water flow and the minimum and maximum values of the dynamic pressure that the switch is set to.
Each draw-off point corresponds to a certain value of the unit of flow (see table of costs).
Sum up all the values and use the table to determine the corresponding value of the maximum flow Qmax.
Example: Calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator in a private house. Consumption units are determined according to the table.
2 washbasins=2 1 bidet=1 1 cistern=3
1 kitchen sink=2 1 bathtub=2
1 washing machine=2 1 shower=2
14 flow units according to the table corresponds to Qmax =0.68l/s
Maximum relay pressure = 3.5 bar (4.5 ATA)
Minimum switch pressure = 2.5 bar (3.5 ATA)
Therefore, ?P =4.5-3=1.5
Device and principle of operation
The battery has a cylindrical, oval or spherical shape. It is usually made from powder coated steel.
Inside the cylinder there is a rubber chamber in the form of a membrane or pear - this is the main element of the equipment that allows you to adjust the pressure. Devices with a flat rubber chamber are also called a membrane tank.
When expanding, water enters the tank, expanding the rubber chamber. And when cooling, the membrane or pear returns to its original position - the coolant is pushed back into the system.
The air chamber is filled with air, and the pressure in this compartment is set by the manufacturer and allows you to return the chamber (membrane or pear) to its original position. Factory settings 1.5 atmospheres.
The volume determines not only the cost, but also the compliance of the accumulator with a specific heating system. Therefore, before buying, the necessary calculations are made to determine the capacity of the tank and ensure the correct operation of the system.
The closed tank makes it possible to compensate for any pressure drop, if its volume has been chosen correctly - in accordance with the parameters of the system.
