Septic tanks for summer cottages without pumping out budget

Organization of septic tanks for cottages with a high level of groundwater

The construction of a sewer system can be complicated by the presence of a high level of groundwater on the site. These conditions impose restrictions on the treatment of wastewater passing through septic chambers, and the durability of the structure itself is significantly reduced.

The way out of this situation will be the construction of a sealed storage septic tank. Due to sealing, ground moisture, which is in excess, will not be able to interact with drains and affect the process of their treatment. Such structures have only one drawback. There is a need for regular use of the services of a sewage machine. And this already goes against the desire to create a cleaning structure that provides a long period of use without pumping.

Draining water from a septic tank into a ditch or storm drain

To achieve the desired result, you can use a typical scheme with a more complex structure. The design provides for the installation of a sealed container. The material for it can be concrete or plastic. This container is to be divided into chambers designed to supply waste water and remove the treated liquid.

The process of installing a septic tank at a high level of groundwater

Choosing a septic tank for a site with high groundwater

In the presence of high groundwater in a suburban area, when choosing a treatment plant, some rules should be followed. They will help you choose the right type of septic tank and make a quality installation.

Fundamental rules:

The volume of the treatment structure is calculated based on the rate at which wastewater treatment will be carried out for a set period (day).
Materials of polymer origin or concrete are the safest and most reliable basis for creating a septic tank.
The highest efficiency can be offered by horizontally located septic tanks with a small depth.
Suitable variants of treatment structures: accumulative or providing the possibility of forced pumping of the purified liquid.
Increasing the number of chambers increases the degree of purification.

Scheme of selection of a treatment plant depending on the level of groundwater

Groundwater close to the surface limits the use of some materials.

In such conditions, the construction of septic tanks should be abandoned:

from brickwork with gaps;
from tires;
from concrete rings.

Perforated pipes for drainage should also be excluded from the list of materials used.

The choice of septic tanks for installation is quite large. Most of them can be mounted by hand. You can use improvised means, for example, bricks or tires (only for drains from a country shower) or purchase a finished structure from a specialized company.

Do-it-yourself construction of a septic tank from eurocubes without pumping

Eurocubes are containers made of plastic. Under the installation of cameras from this material, a concrete base with a large thickness is made. A septic tank is fixed on this basis. This procedure is designed to ensure that the structure does not move under the influence of groundwater, which moves under the soil surface. Rising ground moisture can also move a poorly anchored structure.

The device of a septic tank from eurocubes: 1 - flasks of eurocubes; 2 - connecting overflow pipe; 3 - extension pipe; 4 - inlet tee; 5 - outlet tee; 6 - insulated wooden cover; 7 — hatch cover; 8 - ventilation pipe; 9 - wind vane; 10 - supply pipeline (100 mm); 11 - outlet pipeline (100 mm); 12 - concrete base; 13 - concrete pouring; 14 - thermal insulation layer; 15 - concrete well ring; 16 - reinforcing mesh

The plastic container is insulated with foam before installation. After which it is mounted in the pit. Then the filling with water and concreting of the tank on the sides is carried out. The country septic tank is insulated even from above. A pipe system providing ventilation must be brought to the surface.

This type of purification design requires the use of additional elements that will achieve a full level of wastewater treatment. For these purposes, it is recommended to use filter cassettes or filter fields.

The process of installing a septic tank from eurocubes

The price of septic tanks for a private house and design requirements

The domestic market offers an extensive range of treatment facilities, among which there are many budget septic tanks for giving without pumping.

The calculation of the cleaning structure is carried out taking into account the principles of cleaning of a multi-stage type. The purification process can be carried out by means of 3 or 2 chambers.

Rating and price table of popular designs:

Name	Cleaning efficiency, %	Volley discharge, l	Cost, rub.
Topas 8	98	440	106900
Eco Grand 5	98	250	73600
Unilos Astra 3	98	150	66300
Triton	98	500	48000
Rostock	90	250	26800
Tank 1	70	600	34900
Termite	70	400	73720

In some cases, the conditions allow you to create a single-chamber treatment plant for 20-30 m³, which will become more efficient than a three-chamber septic tank.

Diagram of a three-chamber septic tank with aeration

Purpose of cameras:

the first one is intended for accumulation and subsequent separation of wastewater into fractions;
the second - performs the function of purification (here the process of decay and purification from organic matter takes place);
the third is used for final filtration and withdrawal of liquid into the ground.

With the exception of the effluent outlet tank, all chambers must be airtight.

septic tank material

When planning to build a septic tank with your own hands in the country, different materials are used:

Reinforced concrete well rings;
Concrete;
Eurocubes;
Brick;
Car tires and other auxiliary materials.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

This option is one of the most common. Installation is carried out quickly enough, and the volume of the chambers is determined taking into account the diameter of the well rings used:

Before installing the rings for the storage chambers, the bottom of the pits is concreted, and where a filter well is supposed to be arranged, a crushed stone pillow is made.
Concrete structures are installed one on top of the other. When building a septic tank with your own hands from rings, the scheme should take into account the supply of all necessary pipes to the wells, taking into account their slope and diameter.
Future chambers inside and out are carefully sealed with cement mortar, modern coating and built-up waterproofing materials.
When the chambers are mounted, the pipeline is connected and thermal and waterproofing is done, the pits are filled up.

Concrete septic tank

When planning the construction of a septic tank for a summer residence, a lot of people choose the most durable and durable, in their opinion, option, which is a monolithic concrete structure:

During the construction of such a septic tank, at the first stage, the bottom of the future chambers is concreted, after laying the reinforcing mesh. So that the metal does not undergo corrosion, which is inevitable under conditions of constant moisture, the layer of concrete on top of the mesh should not be thinner than three centimeters.
Then, erecting the formwork and strengthening it with reinforcement, the walls of the chambers are concreted and partitions are made between them.
Construction is completed by pouring the ceiling.

Concrete construction requires thorough and sufficiently long drying. This stage may take up to two weeks, and in order for the drying to proceed evenly, the solution is covered with a film.

Country septic tanks from improvised means

If the cottage is used periodically and only in the summer, then considering the question of how to make a septic tank for a summer residence with your own hands, you can make a fairly simple septic tank from improvised materials. It can be tires or plastic barrels. It will not work here to achieve tightness and long-term strength, so you should not use the design for cleaning and storing toilet drains. But for a country shower, such a septic tank is the best fit.

Rating of biological products and cleaners for septic tanks and country toilets

Useful information for our summer residents readers: a list of liquid and powder products for cleaning autonomous sewer systems (septic tanks).

Allocate:

Biological products for septic tanks and cesspools - a powdered agent that accelerates the decomposition of waste in a country toilet;
Cleaners for septic tanks and country toilets - a liquid product for cleaning sewers, containing special bacteria;
Biogranules for rapid decomposition of waste;
Concentrated biological product for wastewater treatment - neutralizes aggressive chemicals that enter the waste from the use of washing powders, detergents, etc.;
Bioactivator for septic tanks - provides rapid decomposition of waste.

The composition of such products includes natural microorganisms (bacteria) that decompose fossils, fats, paper, and eliminate unpleasant odors in country toilets.

Complex septic tanks two-chamber, three-chamber

Complex septic tanks are divided into two or three sections (A, B, C), a pipe for supplying initial sewage wastewater (E), a treated water outlet (F), blockers between sections.

Depending on the flow of wastewater should be taken:

single-chamber septic tanks - with a wastewater flow rate of up to 1 m3 per day;
two-chamber - up to 10 m3 per day;
three-chamber - over 10 m3 per day.

The first section (zone A) of the septic tank is directly connected to the inlet sewer line on one side, and on the other - through a blocker system with the second section (zone B). Then through the blocker (hydraulic seal) with the third section (zone C). Zone A serves as the primary septic tank for coarse sludge. In this chamber, the primary, rough cleaning of domestic wastewater entering the septic tank from suspended small and large particles is naturally carried out. Sand, small potato peelings, etc. settle at the bottom of the chamber (everything that can pass through the sink in the kitchen or in the bathroom).

The second section (zone B), the digester, serves as an anaerobic reactor. Here, the decomposition of chemical compounds formed as a result of the use of various detergents, personal care products and the decomposition of organic compounds of natural origin takes place.

The third part (zone C) plays the role of the final clarifier for domestic sewage. Through the final gravitational settling of suspended particles, clarified effluents reach a degree of purification up to 65% of the initial pollution level.

After passing through the septic part of the treatment plant, wastewater is sent to the soil aftertreatment. In cases where soil post-treatment cannot be performed: the groundwater level is too high (≤ 0.4 m from the ground level) or an increased quality of wastewater treatment is required, a drip biofilter (bioseptic) is used.

The device of a simple septic tank

A septic tank is a tank, a rectangular or round well, through which sewage flows very slowly, which makes it possible for sediment to fall. Such a precipitate is not removed until it rots (six months, a year). The process of decay is accompanied by fermentation and the release of gases. They lift sediment particles up, forming a crust (sometimes 0.5 m thick).

The body of the septic tank can be made of concrete or plastic, but must be airtight.

The septic tank is easy to use. The settling well can be cleaned 1-2 times a year. After that, a small amount of sediment should remain in it for the experience of the newcomer.

Full septic tank - evaluate the quality of the septic tank for smell

You can find recommendations for building a septic tank without pumping (cleaning), but this is complete nonsense - the septic tank should be regularly cleaned at least once a year. This is a sanitary requirement. You are building a domestic sewer, not a plant for microbiological weapons of mass destruction.

The simplest septic tank on the estate is a single-chamber septic tank.It can be easily built by hand. It may be round in plan. It is assembled from reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1.0 m. The well cover is collapsible. It is necessary to provide for natural ventilation in the form of a steel pipe, which must be covered with Kuzbaslak.

The capacity of the septic tank must be at least three times the wastewater flow.

With a flow rate of up to 0.5 m3 per day, a single-chamber septic tank has the following dimensions:

required capacity - 1.5 m3;
diameter of reinforced concrete rings - 1.0 m;
the total depth of the well is 2.95 m.

Fig.1. The device of a simple septic tank (scheme)

The inside of the septic tank is recommended to be plastered with cement mortar (1: 2) 1.5 cm thick with grout.

The tray of the pipe entering the septic tank should be located 0.05 m above the liquid level in it, and the exit pipe - 0.02 m below this level (Fig. 1).

Requirements for septic tanks for summer cottages

All country septic tanks must meet certain requirements:

The design of the septic tank is calculated taking into account the principle of multi-stage cleaning in two or three chambers in series. The first capacity of the septic tank for giving is used to accumulate the separation of wastewater into fractions. Solid waste sinks to the bottom, while liquid and light fractions sink to the top. This water enters the second chamber, where it is further purified from organic matter. In the filter well, water is additionally purified and then discharged into the soil.
All chambers, except for the one where the drains are brought out, are as tight as possible.

How a septic tank works

The principle of operation of a septic tank is based on the decomposition of various cultures of microbes and the removal of colloidal and dissolved organic substances from domestic wastewater.

The activity of the microflora of the septic tank affects the degree of purification of domestic wastewater, the operation of the installation, as well as the absence or presence of odors during processes. The most important factors affecting the activity of microorganisms are:

the presence of organic matter in domestic waste;
temperature of domestic waste (optimally 10-35 ° C);
access to the oxygen plant;
the value of the acidity of the runoff;
absence of toxic substances.

The septic tank cleans domestic wastewater both with the use of bioenzymes and without the use of these preparations. The use of bioenzymes makes it possible to sufficiently accelerate the processes of decomposition of organic substances and increase the quality of wastewater treatment.

Features of a septic tank from barrels with their own hands

The barrel cleaning system is carried out according to the same principle as other septic tank options. It may consist of two or three chambers. The process of moving wastewater in the tank is carried out by gravity. To achieve this effect, installation should be performed below the level of the sewer pipes.

This type of building can be operated for several years. To increase the terms of effective use, it is recommended to check the first container for the formation of blockage or siltation in it. The volume of the septic tank is increased by installing an additional barrel.

Septic tank made of concrete rings and a metal barrel

The cleaning system is made on the basis of plastic or metal barrels. The main condition for quality is tightness. Metal tanks require special anti-corrosion treatment with protective agents. Therefore, many owners of suburban areas prefer structures made of plastic barrels.

Advantages of plastic elements:

an extensive range;
simple installation system (no additional material preparation is required before installation);
high degree of resistance to the aggressive effects of effluents;
long service life;
high rate of tightness (good protection of the system from seepage of waste or penetration of groundwater into the interior);
light weight (simplifies the installation process, eliminates the need for heavy special equipment).

A septic tank made of plastic barrels is easy to install and durable.

Features of installing a septic tank from plastic barrels

It is not difficult to equip a sewerage system from plastic barrels. If black drains are not allowed, this type of cleaning structure will not require much maintenance. For drains from the toilet, you will need to call the sewers.

An example of a septic tank made of plastic barrels

Installation step by step:

Making holes on two containers (holes are placed in the upper part, their size corresponds to the diameter of the flange).
Making a hole in one container to accommodate a fan pipe.
Works on waterproofing joints (it is recommended to use mastic).
Fastening pipes for drainage into holes previously prepared on the side.
Organizations at the bottom of the excavation of a concrete base 25 cm thick (for the first chamber, which will be placed higher than the second).
Connecting containers to each other.
Installation of a drainage pipe system (rubble is used as a drainage filter).
Checking the angle of inclination of pipes with a building level (permissible slope angle is 2 cm per meter of length).
Falling asleep structure.
Check for leaks and fill the system with water.

Preparing a pit for a septic tank