Contour laying
Plastic products with a diameter of 16-20 mm, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, are well suited for floor heating. The installation is carried out with a "snail" or "snake". When performing a “snail”, the pipe laying step can be minimal, but not less than 10 cm. If the contour is located with a “snake”, then the turn of the line must be at least 5 diameters. When choosing a product of 16 mm, the bending radius cannot be less than 8-10 cm; provide the same distance of pipes on a warm floor.
For effective heating, it is necessary to correctly calculate the number of pipes for underfloor heating. If a product with a diameter of 16 mm is used, then the maximum length of the system is 100 m; for 18 mm - 122 m; for 20 mm - 125 m. Before installing the heating system, it is necessary to make a project.
A warm circuit is not laid under furniture, near heating appliances. 30 cm retreat from the wall. It is necessary to calculate the heated area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Calculators or tables are used to calculate the step and footage of the water circuit. Take into account the thickness of the screed, the thermal conductivity of the floor covering.
If the coolant that enters the system has a temperature of 30 0C, then with a pipe pitch of 20 cm, the floor temperature will be 25.9 0C. At the same time, the air in the room will warm up to 22 0С. To organize a water circuit, 5 m of a heating element will be required per 1 m2 of the heated surface.
To increase the floor temperature to 26.5 0С, the step is reduced to 15 cm; for 1 m2 you will need a contour of 6.7 m. These indicators are acceptable for laying a pipe 16 * 2 mm.
For underfloor heating of the bedroom, less material is required. Optimal room temperature 18 0С. the floor temperature should be 24 0C, the coolant 30 0C. the step between the turns of the “snake” is 15 cm. For 1 m2, you need a circuit 10 m long.
For a floor heating system, it is better to use a metal line, but plastic products are increasingly being chosen. Installation of heating can be adjusted in a few hours. The leading manufacturers of floor heating equipment are Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy: the companies have dealers in Moscow and other cities of the CIS.
Do-it-yourself water heated floor. Part 2. Pipe installation
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- Do-it-yourself water heated floor. Part 2. Pipe installation
- header
- Water heated floor, installation
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- 5 key rules for installing a water-heated floor
Expert advice
Pipelines for the underfloor heating system should be chosen thoroughly
After all, they are laid not for a few days, but for many years, so it is recommended to pay special attention to their reliability and durability. The ideal option in this regard are metal-plastic products and pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene
To date, in terms of operational parameters, they do not have any competitors. They are easy to install, they are the most popular, and most importantly - their cost is low.
When choosing, one single question may arise - which pipe is better for underfloor heating - 16 or 20 mm? Experts advise using pipes with a diameter of 20 mm, focusing on consumer reviews and their own experience in installing such systems.
Pipelines made of various materials differ not only in characteristics, but also in cost. The most expensive of them are copper products. Pipelines made of cross-linked polyethylene and metal-plastic are much cheaper.
On average in Russia, their cost is in the range from 50 to 150 rubles per meter. Considering the price of other components, about 2,000 rubles per square meter of heated area, which implies impressive costs for the premises as a whole. But if we compare a water floor made of cross-linked polyethylene (or metal-plastic) pipelines with an electric one, then the first one functions from the boiler, so it can pay off after 5 years.
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material requirements
The system of floor liquid heating assumes the presence of heating equipment. It can be a boiler or a furnace with a heat exchanger. The water in it warms up to 80-90 0С. The coolant enters the main line with a temperature of 65 0C.
To resolve the issue of which pipe is better to choose for a heating system, it is necessary to pay attention to the material's resistance to high temperatures. In emergency situations, the temperature of the coolant can reach 70-80 0С
The liquid in the heating system circulates under a pressure of 4 bar, but it is recommended to choose products with a reserve. Manufacturers offer pipes for underfloor heating with a working pressure of 6-10 bar. They withstand pressure and temperature fluctuations well. The material has elasticity, flexibility, does not deform and does not crack.
For effective heating, the water circuit is laid under a concrete screed. It cools down for a long time, keeping the heat of the floor covering. Products must withstand the load of not only the coolant, but also be resistant to the mechanical effects of deep screed.
If the underfloor heating project requires laying the contour in a dry way, but the strength of the products may be reduced. What other requirements apply to underfloor heating pipes?
- High thermal conductivity of the material from which products for underfloor heating are made.
- Inertness to chemicals of the screed mortar.
- Low resistance to coolant. All surfaces of the pipe for underfloor heating must be smooth; roughness increases the hydraulic resistance of the line; the load on the boiler or furnace increases.
- Resistance to corrosion and to influence of biological microorganisms.
- Ease of installation of the heating system.
Pay attention not only to quality, but also to the cost of products. Copper is more expensive, but the water circuit will last a long time
It is difficult to lay the highway with your own hands. Must be skilled in soldering metal. Plastic is not expensive. For installation of a liquid heating system, it is more convenient.
Calculation of the required pipeline length
Before choosing a pipe for a heated floor, determine its length and diameter. To do this, a heat engineering calculation of the room is carried out, taking into account the area of the rooms, their purpose (different rooms have their own temperature) and heat losses, which heating should compensate. The task is quite difficult for an ordinary layman, so you will have to use the help of specialists.
As a result of the thermal calculation, the required diameter of the selected pipes and the length of the circuit necessary for normal heat exchange are determined.
To lay out the contour, you can use millimeter paper, drawing on it the proposed layout of the pipeline, a spiral (snail) or snake, while its length can be adjusted by changing the layout step, which varies from 100 to 300 mm.
To calculate the length of the pipeline, you can use a simple formula that looks like this:
L = k × Sp/n, where
- L is the total length of the circuit in the room;
- Sp is the area of the room;
- n - distance between pipe sections, laying step;
- k is a coefficient that takes into account pipeline bends, its value lies in the range from 1.1 to 1.3.
Rice. 20 Piping plans
When choosing a pipeline for underfloor heating, in most cases, they consider varieties of cross-linked or heat-resistant polyethylene with anti-diffusion shells, which have excellent physical characteristics and the best cost, rightfully occupying high places in the ratings. A significant advantage of modified polyethylene pipes is their flexibility, elasticity, molecular memory, ease and speed of installation using compression eurofittings, high service life of at least 50 years, regulated by GOST 32415-2013.
Material characteristic
The best material for underfloor heating is copper. The thermal conductivity of metal is much higher than that of plastic. It withstands any changes in pressure and temperature. Operating temperature of copper 200 0C, pressure 67 bar; with high-quality soldering withstands water hammer.
Working temperature of steel 150 0C, pressure 15 bar. Copper and steel do not allow oxygen to pass through, do not react with chemicals in concrete and coolant. Among the shortcomings, the difficulty of do-it-yourself installation, the expensive cost of materials, and the high weight of products are distinguished.
Plastic hardware is cheaper than metal hardware. It's easier to use. The trunk is easy to mount with your own hands. To connect the circuit does not require special skill. What plastic pipes to use for underfloor heating?
- "PEx-a" - made of cross-linked polyethylene; the "flex" variety has a silver tint; single-layer material, operating temperature 95 0С, pressure 9 bar; covered with a protective layer "EVOH". Products "stabil" has an internal layer of aluminum; optimum temperature in the system is 70 0С, pressure is 10 bar. PEX-a pink - the material was created specifically for the production of water circuits of the heating system. The red pipe for underfloor heating is designed for liquid 95 0C, which is supplied at a pressure of 10 bar.
- "Pert" - the material holds its shape well when hot water circulates in the line; the optimum temperature of the liquid is 95 0C, but the product does not deform at 110 0C. Optimum pressure up to 9 bar. "Pert" can be multilayer, with an oxygen barrier.
- "PPR" is polypropylene. For underfloor heating systems, multilayer propylene with aluminum or fiberglass is used. Operating temperature 70 0C, pressure 6 bar. Works well at 95°C. Softening of the material occurs at 110 0C. The heat-insulated floor from polypropylene pipes will serve 30-50 years.
Types of pipes for underfloor heating today.
Warm floors have proven themselves well, not only in mild, but also in cold climates. Pipes for a warm water floor can be used instead of conventional batteries or used in conjunction with them.
Floor layout example
Today, on sale there is a large selection of pipes for underfloor heating. When buying them, you must consider the following factors:
- Terms and characteristics of operation.
- Thermal conductivity.
- Chemical resistance.
- Difficulty and peculiarity of installation.
- manufacturer's reputation.
Copper
The choice of pipe is influenced by the price range, quality and the ability to use certain types of materials. A pipe for a warm water floor, and consumables (made of ferrous metal) - in a few years, will become unusable. In the event of a leak, you will have to change the entire structure.
For underfloor heating, pipes are selected exclusively for heating. The diameter is usually from 16 mm to 18 mm. Buy them from reputable manufacturers.
At the same time, pay attention to originality and availability of certificates.
Various materials are used in the manufacture:
- Copper.
- Stainless steel.
- Metal-plastic.
- Polypropylene.
- Cross-linked polyethylene.
Stainless
Regardless of all kinds of developments and the emergence of other raw materials, copper will still be a versatile and sought-after material for the production of pipes. They have a sufficiently large heat transfer, corrosion resistance. These products withstand both low (-100°C) and high (+250°C) temperatures well. Observing all the requirements of the manufacturer during operation, they are able to serve for quite a long time (up to 50 years). This pays for their cost.
Stainless steel pipes also have an almost unlimited service life. However, rubber seals fail within 30 years. Corrugated stainless steel pipes have a high cost.
Metal-plastic - serves as a reliable and inexpensive material. Products from it will be a good alternative to both copper and non-rusting pipes. This material has the following properties:
- Durability.
- Corrosion resistance.
- Environmental Safety.
- Light weight.
- Soundproofing.
Metal-plastic pipes are made by gluing several layers:
- Polymeric.
- Aluminum.
-
Glue.
metal-plastic
The polymer material is an outer and inner, absolutely smooth protective layer. Aluminum - acts as a coolant. The service life of the pipe depends on the state of the adhesive layer. When it is destroyed, fluid leaks in places where the layers are separated from one another. Metal-plastic pipes are checked by heating them to 90 - 100 ° C. If the structure does not change on the cut, then the pipe is made according to the standard.
Another of the budget materials is polypropylene. Products made from this material are less susceptible to corrosion. They are not sensitive to negative influences in contact with cement mortars. Their service life reaches half a century.
Polypropylene
One of the most common materials is the so-called cross-linked polyethylene. The reason for this is its good flexibility. Even products with a relatively large diameter of up to 20 mm can be easily installed in relatively small spaces. They are labeled as follows: PE RT and PEX.
XLPE products
XLPE pipes are produced in two types - PEX and PE RT:
Made from modified polyethylene. The PEX pipe production technology makes it possible to obtain a material with a unique resistance to temperature changes.
The development is based on the creation of the so-called anti-oxygen barrier, which ensures a long service life of the product.
On the modern market of heating equipment, a large number of products with various technical data and parameters are presented. Therefore, it is not difficult to choose and make a heating system such as underfloor heating with pipes made of cross-linked PEX polyethylene.
Bribes and ease of installation of the water circuit. Therefore, in most cases, when a do-it-yourself heating system is made of polyethylene, products labeled PEX are used.
PE RT pipe
Another type of material made on the basis of polyethylene. The main advantage of the PE RT pipe is the possibility of laying the contour even in the winter season. Negative temperature does not affect the performance and strength of the material.
For a water floor, a pipe diameter of 16 and 20 mm is used. The PE RT pipe bends well, has a simple installation principle and is assembled no more complicated than a children's designer.
Laying a water floor with polypropylene pipes is also popular. The disadvantage of the solution is the low thermal conductivity. But unlike products made of cross-linked polyethylene, propylene provides greater reliability of connections. Polypropylene pipes for water floor heating have a special reinforcing layer.
