What brick is the chimney made of?

Expert answers

Unmanned module:

thermal conductivity should be small. so that from one side the heat does not pass well to the other side of the brick. otherwise everything that you heat in the house will fly out through the walls, otherwise few people build houses from iron. only warehouses and garages. air in voids usually acts as an insulator.

Valckhall:

the coefficient of thermal conductivity must be indicated in the technical characteristics of the material, the smaller it is, the worse the material conducts heat. For a brick, this is from 0.35 for hollow, to 0.7 for silicate, respectively, a hollow brick conducts heat worse, a wall made of it will have a greater resistance to heat transfer.

Dyusha:

If the brick is solid, then the thermal conductivity is high, if hollow, then low.

Rost:

It depends on what you compare it to! ? In the Russian Federation, sanitary standards and energy saving standards apply for building envelopes! According to the first, a brick wall made of solid brick with a thickness of 51-64 cm is enough for living. , for the latitude of Moscow. According to energy saving standards, the thickness of a solid brick wall should be about 1.5m. Therefore, they use a heater. Its thermal conductivity is several times lower, which allows you to insulate the house with a layer of insulation 10-15 cm thick. (for the latitude of Moscow). A brick has an average thermal conductivity of 0.5, for insulation such as foam plastic, mineral wool, an average of about 0.05, a difference of 10 times. steel has a thermal conductivity higher than brick by more than 10 times. Accordingly, the lower the thermal conductivity, the slower the heat leaves the house. True, it comes out not only through walls, but also through windows, through ventilation, and so on. Walls account for an average of 40 percent of heat loss. Therefore, I advise you not to worry about the thermal conductivity of the brick, take a normal, strong, full-bodied CERAMIC brick, so that the walls are strong, and you can hammer the anchor into them, then insulate them, and that's it! The classic mistake mountain builders make is choosing light, cheap bricks and blocks, supposedly because they are warmer! But as a rule, this is not enough, and walls made of these lightweight materials need to be insulated, and this is not so simple, because light bricks and blocks suckly hold the anchors with which the insulation is attached. It turns out that the walls are light, and it is necessary to insulate!?

Josef Schweik:

This means that brick walls conduct heat well, i.e. the house cools down quickly and high energy costs are required to heat it. The thermal conductivity coefficient of a solid brick is 0.67, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of polystyrene foam is 0.04, that is, a 5 cm thick polystyrene partition wall retains heat in the house better than an 80 cm thick brick wall .. .

Konstanin Konstaninovich:

choose a worthy manufacturer! then the quality, and thermal conductivity and strength will be worthy.

November:

The denser the substance. Trans uranium elements, with a mass closer to the critical one, already emit heat themselves. Without heating.

Special opinion:

the denser the material, the more it accumulates heat and the longer it gives off

norton:

Here is a heat capacity table for you, the higher it is, the more it accumulates. Specifically, on your question, water has more.

Airat Sattarov:

Water, of course!

Alexei:

Water is five times larger than a brick. A 1000 l heat accumulator in the heating system is equal to a Dutch stove.

OOO Stroymaster+:

The faster it heats up, the faster it releases. Therefore, water is the best coolant. But depending on what goal you set, what you want to milk is not understood.

Oleg Otremsky:

Previously, in huts, a brick oven also acted as an energy accumulator, that is, heat. And occupied the floor of the hut. Now I have two metal flat (20 cm thick) water tanks in my hut. 600l and 400l and act as a bulkhead between rooms. They accumulate a huge amount of heat and do not occupy living space.

sergei tihonovich:

The greater the pressure in the system, the greater the heat transfer. I don’t want water, in which all the bubbles are compressed to the point - it is denser and more energy-intensive, and transformer oil can also be used.

Tips from experienced bakers

Furnace laying masters are advised to adhere to the following rules:

According to the ordinary scheme of the stove

To install a cast-iron stove on a stove, it is not recommended to use a solution; it is enough to ensure tightness with an asbestos cord.
After finishing the laying of the furnace, you can begin the construction of a chimney for the heating system.
The combustion unit is cleaned in the summer, and in the cold period it is recommended to clean the chimney a couple of times.
In the presence of soot, the smoke outlet is clogged and the efficiency of the furnace will not be as high.

The regulation of the furnace operation is provided by a valve, a door or a view. These elements are subject to constant monitoring, and if necessary, they are replaced.

Before deciding to lay out a heating stove yourself, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the technical literature.

Compositions for oven masonry

One of the features of furnaces is a big difference in the operating conditions of its parts. So, a brick pipe inside a building is exposed to hot air - smoke, condensate, and some acids formed during the combustion of fuel. Digging and soot settle on the walls over time, which contributes to an even greater accumulation of condensate and a decrease in traction etc. However, no destructive forces act on the pipe walls from the outside.

The chimney above the roof, in addition to all of the above, becomes a victim of weather factors: wind, rain, snow, and, most importantly, temperature. The difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the air temperature can reach hundreds of degrees. Not every material can withstand such an impact.

material requirements

The conditions in which different parts of the furnaces work differ from each other, therefore, bricks are used in their construction in different ways:

The brick for the furnace must have the correct geometric shape and correspond to the declared dimensions.

the material from which the combustion chamber is laid is in direct contact with the flame, so it must be fire resistant;
the material used to build the furnace body and the inside of the chimney is not exposed to fire, but still heats up to a high temperature (up to 1000 ° C), so it must have appropriate resistance;
the outer masonry of the chimney, as well as the outer walls of the building, must have increased strength and frost resistance;
the material from which the outer walls of the furnace are laid out must have an attractive appearance.

Moreover, each type of brick, regardless of which part of the furnace it is used in, must tolerate temperature fluctuations well. The heat capacity of the material from which the furnace itself is laid out should not be too low or too high. In the first case, the stove will cool down very quickly and its owner will have to spend all the time maintaining the fire. In the second, the kindling of stoves will take so much time that its owner will have time to freeze to the bone.

Types of oven bricks

At the peak of the distribution of stove heating, a wide range of stove bricks was used: wild boar, bream, excise, mezhigorka, hearth - and many more specialized varieties. Today, two main ones remain from the former splendor: fireclay refractory and full-bodied ceramic bricks. Sometimes it is called furnace, but it is an ordinary full-bodied ordinary brick of wet plastic molding, the so-called "red". There are still quite rare types, such as refractory Mster products or clinker, but they are quite rare; the emphasis in the furnace business is not on them.

Actually, red brick is interesting for household stoves. It resists heat well (withstands up to 1000 degrees), stores heat well. And he is also able to regulate the humidity in the room, taking in the excess water from the atmosphere of the heated room, which significantly improves the hygiene of the room. The trouble is that it is often difficult to choose a brick for laying a household stove. It’s just that such high-quality bricks are not required for general construction work. Quite enough and what is simpler. Therefore, a good oven brick is quite rare.

If the stove is fired with high-calorie fuel (gas, coal, anthracite, etc.), during the combustion of which too high a temperature is formed (over 1000), then the firebox and a small area after it should be laid out with fireclay refractory bricks, which tolerate heating up to 1600. Apply fireclay bricks and in the event that there was no red brick of proper quality for laying the furnace.

But here it is important to understand that household heating stoves made entirely of fireclay bricks are not laid for the simple reason that fireclay bricks have low heat capacity and thermal conductivity, noticeably inferior to ordinary red bricks in these parameters. So, for example, the crucible of a Russian stove, which also works like an oven, should not be made of fireclay under any circumstances - the stove will noticeably lose in functional terms

Actually, with fireclay everything is simple. It is easy to purchase, no problem with the choice. All fireclay products on the market have similar characteristics and a single production technology. Therefore, if a refractory brick is required, then they simply go and buy it. It is more difficult with the choice of red ceramic.

What are the types of bricks

Any refractory brick, including red, belongs to a specific grade, which is determined by its quality.

There are such types of bricks for laying the furnace:

First grade: characterized by good annealing and density, optimal number of pores and their size. The surfaces of the faces are smooth, do not crumble, the color is saturated red. After tapping, a ringing sound is heard. The high quality of the stones is indicated by the presence of iridescent spots or a continuous film.
The second grade is characterized by slight underburning. It is characterized by low frost resistance, lower heat capacity, increased porosity. When tapped, a dull short sound is heard. Cut - with shallow scuffs, edges - slightly crumble. On such specimens, an iridescent film will never appear. Such a brick is subject to rejection.
The third grade is burnt. It is characterized by high density, high thermal conductivity, low frost resistance, and very low porosity. It is not able to withstand high loads, the color is dark cherry, up to brown, the cut can be torn, and the ribs can be crumbled. After tapping, it makes a ringing sound.

cement-based mortar

The cement-based mortar is characterized by increased strength and ease of preparation. Brickwork, made on the basis of cement, is strong, durable and resistant to soot and other aggressive substances. To date, cement-based masonry mortar, due to the affordable cost of the components used and ease of preparation, has become the most widespread.

The composition for the chimney above the roof is made of cement, sand and the addition of water. The ratio of cement and sand can vary from one to one to one to six. It should be remembered that such a solution sets quickly, and an hour after preparation, it begins to lose its strength and elasticity. Therefore, you should not cook it in large batches, but use it immediately after cooking for 30 to 60 minutes.

Advantages of a brick oven in the house

First you need to figure out and take stock of why a brick oven is extremely popular and whether it is worth connecting it to a common heating system. In fact, there are many reasons that contributed to this:

Brick ovens keep the heat in the room for a long time

fast heating;
long-term maintenance of heat in the room;
operational safety;
minimum evaporation, maintaining the level of humidity.

The body of the oven heats up perfectly and maintains the temperature regime for a long time. There is no need to re-fire the oven periodically. And this is the main advantage when conducting comparative characteristics in relation to furnace devices made of cast iron or steel. In practice, this is true, because you have to put firewood in metal stoves after a maximum of 6 hours, and the brick retains heat and gives it away from itself during the day.

Structural elements of brick ovens

The unique ability to keep warm for a long time ensures efficiency and improves the environment, as less carbon monoxide escapes into the atmosphere.

The optimal mode of fuel combustion ensures the decomposition of carbon dioxide and water into individual molecules. As a result, heat is generated, which the stove absorbs, then accumulates and gradually releases, thereby providing space heating.

The oven does not heat up from the outside, so it becomes somewhat safe during operation. As a result, the resulting radiation becomes soft, which is not produced by metal aggregates during heating.

A brick oven emits a slight evaporation when heated, and when the temperature drops, it absorbs moisture again. This property is called respiration. At the same time, the humidity in the room remains within acceptable limits, its indicator is from 40 to 60%.

On the shortcomings and comparative characteristics

Scheme of operation of the collector for heating the air

The disadvantages of operation include the fact that you have to wait for a long time when the stove melts and heats the room. Therefore, experienced stove-makers are advised to additionally purchase a steel manifold for heating the air in a forced rhythm.

When steel furnaces are heated, the dust deposited on the metal surface is simultaneously heated, resulting in the formation of substances harmful to health, which does not occur during the operation of the brick version.

You can do the firebox with your own hands, which will save money, and bricklaying will bring only pleasure.

Types of bricks for the oven

fireclay

Chamotte brick can withstand up to one and a half thousand degrees Celsius! It is made of refractory clay with the addition of fireclay chips and aluminum oxide. Then it is fired in a special way according to a strict scheme.

Externally, the stone looks porous, the color is faded red with a yellowish tint, dark blotches are visible. In terms of weight, it seems lighter than usual, despite the fact that there are no cavities in it. Due to the lightweight mass, fireclay brick masonry quickly warms up and conducts heat well.

Most often, fireclay is not used for the entire stove - they lay out places that directly contribute to the fire. This is explained by the high cost of the material: fireclay is 5 times more expensive than ordinary classic stone.

fireproof red

This type of stone is cheaper than fireclay, so stoves are most often made from it. The base is refractory clay.The composition also includes coke and quartz powders, graphite chips.

Outwardly, it looks like a well-known classic brick, but solid, without cavities. The color is yellower than the classic. Suitable for laying out and the outer lining of the stove, and those parts that come into contact with fire.

The stone has a high heat capacity, that is, it is able to accumulate heat and then give it away for a long time. From such material, you can fold a Russian stove, a barbecue stove or a bathhouse.

aluminous

The most demanded material on the market in terms of price / quality ratio. It is fireproof, withstands up to 1300 degrees Celsius. At the same time, it is durable, does not deform, and is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature.

Alumina bricks are often used to lay out furnaces in a bath: the material is so strong that cold water can be poured onto heated bricks to create steam. In this case, the stove will be suitable for operation for many years.

Clinker

It is a heavy parallelepiped of dark color. The surface is smooth, almost without pores.

You can choose such a stone for the construction of the furnace, but the construction will be very expensive. Due to the high cost in Russia, it is rarely used. In addition, the maximum allowable heating temperature of the clinker is 1300 degrees, which is slightly lower than that of fireclay.

Varieties of oven building mixtures

The solution consists of any binder, filler and solvent.

The first component performs the main task - when hardened, it forms a strong connection that holds the masonry elements. The filler is necessary to reduce shrinkage, since the volume of the substance decreases during the transition from a viscous to a solid state. The filler retains the primary volume and does not allow the resulting compound to crumble.
The solvent, in most cases, is water. It evaporates during hardening without forming any additional compounds.

In the simplest case, the mixture is one binder and one type of aggregate. In mixed versions, the composition is much more complex.

According to their purpose, mixtures are divided into 3 groups:

masonry - that is, used when laying the furnace itself, the foundation, the chimney, and so on;
finishing - used when lining the oven with bricks or tiles;

special.

For the construction of a brick pipe, masonry mortars are used. They are divided according to the nature of the binder component:

calcareous - slaked lime serves as a binder. This styling mix requires the use of tools;
cement - the basis is cement or Portland cement;
gypsum - not used for the construction of the chimney;
mixed - that is, including several binders: lime-cement, lime-slag, and so on.

For the construction of a part of the pipe under the roof, mortars based on clay, cement or a mixture of clay and sand can be used. For the part above the roof - lime, cement or cement-lime, since here one of the main requirements is high water resistance, and the clay composition is washed out.

Types of structures

In total, there are three types of brick-type furnaces for heating, which you need to know about when choosing a design:

Cooker with water boiler.
Heating and cooking stove.
Channel oven-Dutch.

Cooker with water boiler. This design has a cast iron stove with which you can cook food. Furnaces are mostly small in size and have proven themselves in country mansions. Of course, the stove also has the functions of heating the house. The oven is easily laid out on its own.

Heating and cooking stove. This unique oven can heat large areas. In the design of the masonry provides:

couch;
baking cabinet;
tank for heating water;
special niche for drying fruit.

Therefore, the oven is popular.

Channel oven-Dutch.The construction received such an interesting name because of the channel sequence. It is easy to manufacture, and during the masonry process, any structural element is brought in. However, the maximum heat transfer is no more than 40%, and home heating is unlikely to be effective.

Everyone decides for himself what kind of furnace needs to be built, depending on the operating conditions and capabilities.

Scheme and materials for a Dutch oven with a stove and oven

Composition and properties of heat-resistant blocks

The choice of the appropriate fire-resistant material depends on the following factors:

operating temperature;
chemical-physical qualities, including the ability to react to other substances;
fuel characteristics.

There are the following types of heat-resistant bricks:

fireclay;
basic;
carbonaceous;
quartz.

Regardless of the area of operation, fire-resistant bricks have similarities:

resistance to high temperatures;
the ability to heat up quickly and cool down slowly;
property not to react with metal, hot gas, slag;
do not shrink and expand, deformation indicators remain in the range of 0.5-1%;
exposure to multiple cycles of heating and cooling without loss of strength.

Main brick

It consists of a fire-resistant lime-magnesium mass. Magnesite is a refractory material, the main component of which is magnesium oxide with a certain amount of impurities. After firing and final molding, the melting point of the magnesite composition reaches 2000 degrees C. The masonry material is characterized by strength and passivity when interacting with metals and slags. Used in the steel industry.

fireclay block

Chamotte consists of 70% refractory clay, the rest is graphite or coconut powder, quartz grains. The result is a durable material that is very resistant to high temperatures (up to 1300 degrees Celsius, and some brands of the product are even more heat resistant). Withstands repeated temperature changes. Shows resistance to chemicals. It is used in everyday life in the construction of stoves, fireplaces, barbecues, barbecues, as well as for chimneys and ventilation systems. Due to the peculiarities of production, the furnace version is more expensive than usual, therefore, in order to reduce construction costs, elements that are in direct contact with fire are made from it. In industry, fireclay bricks are used for laying the inner walls of melting furnaces.

carbonaceous

Produced by pressing graphite or coke. It has the highest strength and fire resistance. The unit withstands operating temperatures within 2 thousand degrees Celsius. It is used as a leading material for the construction of smelting facilities, elements of steel ladle and in other industrial productions where it is necessary to maintain a high temperature.

Quartz

The main component is sandstone. Clay is added to hold the mass together. As a result of firing, a solid, full-bodied product with a uniform structure is obtained. It is used in the manufacture of heat-reflecting stove and fireplace vaults, walls that are in direct contact with flames and metals. The quartz block can withstand up to 1300 degrees, but is destroyed when interacting with iron oxides, lime, alkalis.

How to prepare clay mixes for kiln masonry

The mixture is used for construction inside the building. It cannot be used for chimneys on the roof. The optimal proportions are considered to be the following: the ratio of the shares of clay and sand as 1:1 or 1:2, and the volume of water as 1:4. In practice, everything determines the fat content of clay.

One of the tests is used to check the raw materials. For example: a kind of dough is kneaded from 500 g of clay and rolled into balls with a radius of 20–25 mm. The ball is placed between two dies and squeezed until cracks appear on the lump of clay.A ball of lean clay that falls apart even with slight pressure. From the poor - with a decrease in volume by ¼ or 1/5. Normal gives cracks when reduced to 1/3 of the diameter, and oily - at ½.

To obtain a solution with your own hands, take the following steps.

Clay is laid on a flooring of boards with dimensions of 1.5 * 1.5 m. It is necessary to apply in layers and moisten with water.
If you need to add sand, then it is laid in a layer on top of the wetted clay.
As soon as the clay gets wet, it is mixed and raked into a ridge about 30 cm high. Then the ridge is cut into plates with the edge of a shovel, the edges and lumps are crushed. Then they are again collected in a ridge.
Stirring is repeated 3–5 times until no clots remain in the resulting mixture. The finished solution slides off the iron shovel, but does not spread. A sample can be seen in the photo below.

How to prepare a lime mixture for a chimney

Lime mortar is required for roof structures. Its components are sand, water and lime paste. The latter is prepared by slaking lime.

The preparation method depends on the quality of the lime. If quick-extinguishing lime is used, then in a special container a box - a quenching box, water is poured - 1/2 of the height, and then lime is added. When steam is formed, it is intensively mixed, and after quenching is completed, it is filtered through a sieve with mesh sizes of 5 * 5 mm.
Medium extinguishing is poured into a box at 1/4 height and half filled with water, when steam appears, it is mixed. Water is added in small doses until complete extinction.
Slow-extinguishing is poured into a box at 1/4 height and wetted with water. After the appearance of cracks, mixing begins with the gradual addition of water in small portions until the consistency of the mixture reaches the state of milk of lime.
The substance is poured into the creative pits, where it is stored under a layer of earth of 50 cm. It is recommended to keep the substance before use for about a month.
The resulting lime dough is filtered with their own hands through a sieve with smaller cells - 3 * 3 mm, and mixed with sand. If necessary, diluted with water.

The finished composition should be held on a wooden oar with a layer of 2–3 mm.
The video takes a detailed look at the process of making mixes for roof chimneys.

Lime mortar for stove pipe

Lime mortars for laying stove pipes began to be used relatively recently and today they have become the main masonry material. When properly prepared, it provides excellent thermal stability, is not affected by moisture and holds the masonry together with high quality, ensuring maximum durability of the entire structure. It is recommended to use slaked lime, sand, a small amount of cement and gypsum in lime mortar to improve the quality. The classic recipe for brickwork involves one mass fraction of lime and five parts of sand. In the minimum volumetric masses, lime is added with cement. You also need to add water and stir everything until smooth. The solution should have the consistency of thick sour cream and not stick to the trowel and concrete mixer.

That is why it is recommended to use boiled lime, which is poured with water, after which it is kept until it is completely extinguished. It is best to carry out the lime slaking procedure in plastic barrels or pre-dug pits sheathed with boards. Only after that you can start preparing the composition necessary for brickwork.

How to paint the stove

There is nothing wrong if the oven did not turn out beautiful from the outside. The surface can be painted. Previously, stoves were plastered or covered with two layers of lime. Today it is possible to cover the base with modern paints:

As one of the options for painting the oven, you can use heat-resistant enamel brand KO

heat-resistant enamel grade KO on an organosilicon basis;
acrylic or silicate coloring compounds;
special heat-resistant varnish, it can be used with pigment.

Preference is still given in favor of KO enamel (85, 174, 813). Moreover, it is intended for painting the brick itself and the metal elements of the furnace. Withstands temperatures up to 600 C. Acrylic and silicate coloring bases are much cheaper, but their service life is much lower.

A good solution would be to use a transparent varnish mixed with gouache of the selected color.

Application is carried out in two layers, sequentially. In this case, the first must be dried before applying the second. Usual brushes and a roller are used. Before painting, it is necessary to treat with a primer specially purchased for this purpose.

In all cases, before performing work, everything should be weighed in order to make the right decision.

Best Answers

Elvis Ablyazizov:

which is better to drown =) And from the point of view of Physics, a tree has less thermal conductivity than a brick

It's not the accumulative brick. and in its thermal conductivity, a wooden house gives off less heat to the street) The thermal characteristics of a brick and a log will be different. wood has more heat resistance, therefore, heat loss is less. the heat resistance of the premises fencing should be such that, together with the heating system, the temperature in the room is maintained with an accuracy of +\- 1 degree Celsius with Central heating and +\-3 degrees with stove heating. This is from the Technisco program...

And so, of course... Who is building

Natalya Trubetskaya:

Wooden, lined with bricks

MAZER:

From the point of view of physics, a brick has better thermal conductivity .... in short, when it heats up, it will keep warm better than wood) Physics is not enough logic here) Well, of course, depending on how to build and who will build)) Otherwise, Tajiks will definitely not be able to build a castle) By the way, you should take into account the difference in price)

Margot:

Stone houses have an increased thermal conductivity compared to wood. To ensure warmth and comfort all year round, the thickness of the walls must be sufficient. Wood is a material with low thermal conductivity. The walls of a wooden cottage keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer longer. Therefore, it is possible to make the wall thickness smaller, compared to a stone house. A wooden house “gets cold” less, it can be warmed up much easier and faster. In a wooden house there is no such feeling of dampness as in a brick one, because the tree "breathes", that is, it allows the moisture in the room to go outside.

More details here .kostar /art ?di=65

KatrinKalita:

Well let's judge... In my opinion ... Judging by thermal conductivity, wood is warmer, but it can burn out. And in terms of practicality - brick is better, the thermal conductivity is greater than that of wood, but less than that of concrete.

Wooden, lined with bricks.

The best wood frame. All sorts of impregnations for wood are sold so that it does not rot, for example - Pinotex, logs are processed, and - build on health!

zheka:

brick

Alexander Syromyatnikov:

if the wall thickness is the same, then wooden

Valera Petrov:

With equal wall thickness - wooden. And in fact - how will you insulate. It depends on this more than on the material.

Anonymous