Proper sewerage in a multi-storey building 5 requirements

Naesta Jan 15, 2013

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 9.1. During the operation of residential buildings and premises it is not allowed:

- use of residential premises for purposes not provided for by the project documentation; - storage and use in residential premises and public premises located in a residential building of hazardous chemicals that pollute the air; - performance of works that are sources of increased levels of noise, vibration, pollution air, or violating the living conditions of citizens in neighboring residential premises; - littering, pollution and flooding of residential premises, basements and technical undergrounds, flights of stairs and cages, attics.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491: consumers) in a state that ensures: a) compliance with the reliability and safety characteristics of an apartment building; b) safety for the life and health of citizens, the safety of property of individuals or legal entities, state, municipal and other property; c) the availability of residential and (or) non-residential premises, common premises, as well as the land plot on which the apartment building is located; d) observance of the rights and legitimate interests of the owners of the premises, as well as other persons; e) the constant readiness of utilities, metering devices and other equipment that are part of the common property , to provide influence of public services (supply of utility resources) to citizens living in an apartment building, in accordance with the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens; f) maintaining the architectural appearance of an apartment building in accordance with project documentation for the construction or reconstruction of an apartment building. Information on changes: dated May 6, 2011 N 354, paragraph 10 of these Rules was supplemented with subparagraph "g" g) compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on energy saving and on increasing energy efficiency.

11. The maintenance of common property, depending on the composition, design features, the degree of physical deterioration and technical condition of common property, as well as depending on the geodetic and climatic conditions of the location of an apartment building, includes:

d) cleaning and sanitary and hygienic cleaning of common areas, as well as a land plot that is part of the common property;

Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock" 3.4.1. The housing maintenance organization must ensure: the temperature and humidity conditions of the basement rooms and technical undergrounds, preventing condensation on the surfaces of the building envelope; cleanliness and accessibility of passage to all elements of the basement and technical underground;

So: 1. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 dated June 10, 2010, paragraphs 9.1, 9.2; 2. Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 on the approval of the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building No. 491, paragraph 10; 3. Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock" paragraph 3.4.1

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Causes of clogging and their consequences

Having dealt with the causes, you can always prevent their occurrence. The most common and permanent of them are:

Wear, existing communications or initially incorrectly selected pipe diameter.
Violation of laying technology. On horizontal sections, a slope of 2 cm per meter of pipeline must be strictly observed.
Wrong toilet installation. During installation, it is necessary to rationally use the solution and make sure that it does not narrow the diameter of the drain passage.
Not tightness of the drainage system. All sewers are equipped as self-cleaning. If a large object gets into the pipe and gets stuck in a horizontal section, an increase in water pressure occurs. Due to this, the garbage will fly out, acting as a ruff, sweeping away all other pollution in its path.
Overgrowing of risers and water supply at home with deposits over a long period of operation. Over time, roughness and irregularities appear on the walls of the pipes, for which hair, pieces of paper, pieces of cotton, small debris cling to, gradually filling the entire passage. Fat from dishwashers and kitchen sinks first accumulates, and then freezes, crystallizes and forms whole growths.

And of course, the most basic cause of blockage is the negligent attitude of the residents themselves. A drainage system is a pipe through which drains flow from apartments to a basement or cellar, then to sewer chambers and, along large-diameter highways, overcomes the distance to treatment facilities. Many negligent users constantly operate the sewer as a garbage chute, throwing rags, clothes, household waste, personal hygiene products through the toilet, washbasin or bath. Garbage gradually accumulates in the corners, in the wells, reduces the performance of the system, pollutes the chambers and, in the end, leads to clogging.

It is important to note! Blockages are small, which special services can eliminate in a relatively short period of time. But there are also large-scale ones, in the case of which, the drains first flood the basements, and from the flooded lower room, then they flow out, filling the yards

In this case, the main victims are usually the inhabitants of the first floors.

The sewer pipe can also get clogged inside the house, then the water will go up the risers and begin to flow out through the bathtub, toilet bowl, washbasins. Eliminating such a blockage will take a lot of time, and drains at this time will fill the entire apartment with an unpleasant smell, ruin furniture, decoration and may lead to the need for major repairs.

We eliminate blockage

At first glance, it is difficult to determine whether it will be possible to clean the pipes on your own, or if you cannot do without the help of specialists.

If it was not possible to eliminate the blockage in the sewer in an apartment building using steel wire, a plunger, chemicals, contact the public utility.

Dealing with the problem on our own

In a situation where the throughput of the pipeline leaves much to be desired, you can try to solve the problem on your own. To do this, there are many ways to clean sewer pipes:

chemical;
mechanical;
hydrodynamic;
folk methods: soda, salt and boiling water, soda and vinegar.

Very effective removal of blockages in the sewer in the apartment with the help of chemicals

At the same time, it is important to remember safety precautions and use gloves, a mask, goggles

User action algorithm:

Pour or pour the required amount of the product into the drain hole.
Add 300-500 ml of water.
Wait 10-15 minutes.
Flush drain well with water. 2-4 buckets will be enough.

The chemical agent "Mole" is especially popular, and you can also find Domestos, Mr.Muscle and others in stores. Chemistry should be used only as a last resort, since the composition includes acid or alkali. You can not use different means at the same time, so as not to cause their reaction.

Another answer to the question of what to do if the sewerage in an apartment building is clogged is to clean the pipes mechanically. You will need a wire, ruff, cable or plunger. The choice of instrument depends on the complexity of the situation. If the blockage is not serious, it is enough to use a ruff.

Often communications are cleaned with a plunger:

The drain hole is covered with a device.
Water is let in so that the plunger bowl is covered.
Check the absence of water under it.
Without lifting the plunger from the sink, make 15-20 vertical movements.

The cable has a rigid structure, so you need to use it carefully. After completing the above steps, you need to open the water. If the liquid leaves quickly, there is no blockage, otherwise the procedure should be repeated. Experts advise this method to those who do not know what to do if the water in the toilet does not go away.

A more complex method is hydrodynamic cleaning. For this, it is necessary to use equipment that creates a powerful jet of liquid. Hydrodynamic cleaning is performed by devices with spiral nozzles of various diameters. They are placed near sinks or toilet bowls, a spiral is inserted into the drain hole, which then begins to rotate and breaks through a blockage of any density. Only professionals can perform this cleaning.

Who to contact in case of sewer blockage

Almost every tenant at least once in his life had the question of who to call if the sewerage system in the apartment is clogged. The choice of specialist depends on the situation:

A blockage in the toilet or a pipe burst in the bathroom - you should call the fitters of the plumbing equipment of the housing department, another managing organization.
Sewer wells are served by the city water utility.
The tenant clogged a pipe, which is why several apartments are flooded at once. In this case, the emergency service must come to the emergency call.
Dispatching services are engaged in repair and cleaning of pipes. Their numbers are indicated on utility bills.

If for some reason you cannot find the telephone number of the dispatcher, you should contact the hotline of the city administration or the rescue service. Operators will tell you who to call when the sewer is clogged.

Sewerage system in an apartment building norms and rules

Its specialists must serve the yard sewerage.

There are also emergency services. You can contact them when you managed to clog your neighbor's pipe, and he floods several apartments. Such services go to the call in case of an emergency.
Phones of dispatch services that carry out repairs and cleaning of sewers should be in receipts for utility bills.

ATTENTION! If in an emergency it is difficult to find the telephone of the dispatcher, you can dial the hotline number operating under the city administration or the rescue service. https://www.youtube.com/embed/LNbtRPzX3Cg

You should provide your contact details there.

Before the arrival of the masters, you should also act according to a certain algorithm. If liquid appeared on the ground floor from the sewer pipes or in the apartments above, in the basement, it is advisable to warn other residents, turn off the water for a while

You should provide your contact details there. Before the arrival of the masters, you should also act according to a certain algorithm. If liquid appeared on the ground floor from the sewer pipes or in the apartments above, in the basement, it is advisable to warn other residents and turn off the water for a while.

Method 2 thermochemical and thermal cleaning

First, don't get upset.Even timely installation of plugs with filters is not a complete guarantee of blockage prevention. After all, these devices retain garbage, but the fatty substances that enter the drains from the dishes are deposited on the pipes, first creating a film, and then, as the clearance narrows, a real obstacle.

Important! When tightening the siphon, do not apply great effort: the plastic nut is quite easy to damage. And the pipes themselves, when too much force is applied, also

I personally envy people who have never encountered clogged sewer pipes. It’s not pleasant enough, at first you don’t understand what is happening, why is there still water in the sink? Then it dawns on me that something went wrong. And it turns out that the sewer is clogged, but where and with what - you need to clarify. And then remove the blockage.

Probably, few of the readers are familiar in detail with the sewage system in an apartment building. In my article, I am going to fill this gap by describing all the elements of the sewage system, its typical problems and methods for eliminating them.

A typical material for the walls of the well is reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1000 mm. Steel brackets are fixed in the wall, allowing you to go down to the bottom level. The bottom is concreted to prevent untreated drains from entering the ground; in concrete there is usually a recess - a tray that directs wastewater to the next well and further to the collector.
By means of these means, the deposits are crushed and the debris is removed by means of rotational movements of the cable. In this case, greater efficiency will be achieved if a small amount of water is supplied to the pipe to flush it. It is mechanical cleaning that is used to remove rags, branches, stones, remnants of building materials, silt and fat deposits, etc.

Imagine that a bone from your borscht can slip through your toilet bowl and ... get stuck on the first floor, forming a sewer blockage. And then a terrible thing will happen for the owner of the apartment on the ground floor, innocent of the clogged pipes - everything that is drained into the sewer on all floors, you, including, will flow out of the toilet of this unfortunate apartment.

Country house in Yukhnovka. A section of the pipe was excavated, a hole was drilled in it to clear the blockage. The customer said that the son-in-law (the programmer) wanted to dig out the entire pipe in order to clean the sewer with his own hands. In time, he says, I stopped him. In addition to the excavations of the pipe, a plumbing cable was bought for 340,000, which did not help in any way, and did not have a chance.

With such blockages in the sewerage system, if the pipes are not cleaned in the basement, the owner of the apartment on the 1st floor will suffer - it will be flooded with sewage. Otherwise, the basement will suffer, which will also flood. I advise apartment owners to insure their property and real estate.

Partial or complete clogging of the drainage system is one of the absolutely inevitable companions of our life in the city. Sewer clogs are very common and can be your fault or your neighbors' fault if you live in an apartment building.

If your sewer is clogged, and simply pouring boiling water into the drain does not bring the desired result, it's time to move on to more serious actions. To begin with, you can pour a special cleaning agent into the pipe, but if this home method has not restored normal water flow, more radical methods should be used.

The technology is very simple:

Completely cover the hole for draining the water with the plunger bowl so that air does not enter it, and if it does, then as little as possible.
Fill your tub or sink with enough water to completely cover the bowl.
Check if water is leaking under the plunger. If not, you can start cleaning.
To do this, make 10-20 sharp vertical movements (shocks) using the handle at a slight inclination, then quickly remove the plunger from the water.

Where to turn and who is to blame

Who to call and where to go in an emergency when the sewer is clogged and there is a threat of a flood:

If a blockage occurs in the toilet, a pipe breaks, a riser is clogged, the first floors or basement are flooded, it is necessary to call the fitters of the housing office, or the management company.
Sewer wells are under the attention of the water utility. He must also serve the yard sewer.
Emergency services are called in emergency situations when water floods several floors at once in a continuous stream.
The telephone number of dispatching and emergency services that carry out repairs and control of sewers should be written on utility bills.

It's important to know! Before the arrival of the workers of the above services, you need to try to fix the problem yourself, warn other residents about the danger, if necessary, turn off the water in the riser. If the sewer is clogged and clogged constantly, the reason for this is the negligent attitude of services that do not carry out preventive maintenance and cleaning in time

The search for the perpetrators and the proceedings, due to which the sewer is clogged, can take a long time

If the sewer is clogged and clogged constantly, the reason for this is the negligent attitude of services that do not carry out preventive maintenance and cleaning in time. The search for the perpetrators and the proceedings, due to which the sewer is clogged, can take a long time.

In the event of a serious clogging of the sewer system, resulting in flooding and significant damage to property, it is necessary to call representatives of the management company, repairmen, plumbers, eliminate pollution and record the consequences. Minor blockages can be eliminated on your own by buying chemicals at the store or preparing solutions at home. It should be remembered that timely preventive measures, monitoring the operation of the sewage system and proper handling will prevent breakdowns and eliminate negative consequences.

In the basement, the sewer is constantly clogged.

Its specialists must serve the yard sewerage.

There are also emergency services. You can contact them when you managed to clog your neighbor's pipe, and he floods several apartments. Such services go to the call in case of an emergency.
Phones of dispatch services that carry out repairs and cleaning of sewers should be in receipts for utility bills.

The legislative framework

Most residents of MKDs ask themselves questions about who is responsible for the water supply, who to contact if there is a breakdown in the system, and who is obliged to compensate for the damage. In addition, in case of force majeure, partial or major repairs of the pipeline are required. The law helps to figure out who to contact in each of these cases.

As follows from Art. 36-37 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management company (UK) or housing and communal services is responsible for maintenance and repair. Running costs are covered by the monthly utility bills of the residents of the building. However, if the user himself is to blame for the breakdown, he will compensate for the damage.

The fact that housing and communal services are obliged to restore the operation of water supply systems in MKD is also indicated by the Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-ФЗ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services”.

How to clean the sewer in an apartment building

Important

If the sewer riser is out of order and needs to be repaired or replaced, then the management company must perform and pay for these works from the funds contributed by the owners.

The homeowner submitting the application must be a bona fide utility bill payer in order for their application to be accepted and considered. After consideration of the application, a convenient time for the work is agreed with the owner.

The replacement of the riser is carried out by employees of the management company or contractors involved by the management company.

How much does it cost to replace a sewer line in an apartment? The owner is not obliged to pay additional funds when replacing the riser or branches from it to the first docking connection.

The slope of the pipe is at least 1 centimeter per linear meter; slope changes, and even more so counter slopes, are strictly prohibited, since they will inevitably lead to constant blockages.

Since the outlet is laid in the ground, rather stringent requirements are imposed on the strength of the pipes. The release is being laid:

Cast iron pipe (including ductile iron - high-strength cast iron with nodular graphite);
Orange PVC pipe for outdoor use with high ring stiffness.

Problems

With regard to the areas of responsibility in relation to the release, the situation is rather complicated: its blockages are cleared by employees of the housing department or the management company, repairs and replacements are carried out by them; however, damage to the outlet due to subsidence of the walls of the well must be eliminated by the Gorvodokanal.

Cleaning methods

When the sewer is clogged, you should immediately call the utilities. Among them there are private, paid, which guarantee a high speed of solving the problem. If the blockage is small, it can be eliminated independently in several ways:

Hydrodynamic cleaning is one of the most effective, in which deposits are washed away with a large pressure of water. To do this, use special units that create pressure up to 200 bar. Such an installation is able to remove even old fatty layers, firmly stuck debris, scale and dirt.
Mechanical cleaning - the use of various tools to remove blockages, such as steel wire, cable, spirals.
Pneumatic cleaning is a blow of compressed air at high speed, as a result of which the garbage plug breaks into small particles and is washed out of the sewer.
Chemical cleaning is carried out by applying various chemicals to break down the dirt. You can carry it out at home, falling asleep or pouring the product into a pipe with a blockage.
You can also prepare cleaning products yourself from improvised ingredients. It can be saline, soda solutions, citric acid, Coca-Cola and more. In serious cases, when drains gush out of the toilet or washbasin at exorbitant rates, they may be ineffective, but they will cope with minor pollution.

Causes and symptoms of clogged vertical riser

Unlike devices such as PVC sewer pipes for domestic sewage, it takes effort to clog a vertical riser. Much more often, garbage accumulates in pipes and siphons; cleaning sewer pipes with soda and vinegar helps here. But if your neighbors downstairs have fecal masses pouring out of the toilet or they rise up, then you need to clean the riser.

Understanding that you need to clean the sewer riser can be very simple:

Neighbors on the upper floors accumulate water in plumbing fixtures.
At the neighbors below, the sewage sewage of the neighbors from above is poured out of the toilet bowl.

These are the two main symptoms of clogging.

Causes of clogging the sewer riser:

The first reason is design error.

For example, the installation of the structure was made with a small slope or with a counter-slope, which stimulates the accumulation of sewage, grease and debris on the inner walls of the pipeline and causes build-up.

It is also possible that a house or building has sunk, and the nozzles, as a result, have changed the base slope.

The lack of a sewerage system can also influence the formation of blockages. If a sewer pipe is not installed in a private house, then air does not enter the system, which reduces the rate of water leaving.

The second reason is the incorrect operation of the device.

Most often, the sewer riser leaks due to the ingress of objects into it that should not fall into the sewer. It can be linen, a floor cloth, a bottle, construction debris, etc.

The device, principle of operation, installation of a septic tank Deka can be found on here

The device, principle of operation, installation of a septic tank Poplar can be found on this page

Ways to clean the sewer riser

Cleaning sewer risers is implemented in several ways:

If the clogging was formed due to a design error, you first need to disassemble the sewer. Next, clean the pipes and lay them at the desired slope. The slope must be at least 2 cm for every 1 m of the net. Install a non-return valve if it is not possible to eliminate the counterslope or adjust the correct slope in the structure.
If there is no fan pipe, we recommend that you install it. If this question causes a problem, install a non-return valve.
If an extra object gets into the device, then you will need to clean the sewer risers with special shaped parts (revisions for cleaning the risers, oblique tees, bends with plugs, straight tees with plugs).

Cleaning the sewer riser in a multi-storey building

Cleaning is carried out with the help of revisions, which are installed on the first and last floors, as well as in skyscrapers every three floors.

If a sewer riser is leaking between floors, then you need to find the location of the revision on the floors above your apartment, as cleaning will be carried out through it. When you find it, you will need to break through the riser with a steel cable. This tool will help in case of minor clogging.

Feed the steel cable into the funnel of the structure.
Push the tool down.
Pass the ceiling, then you will fall into the device itself.
Below the outlet there will be a blockage. You will feel an obstacle.
Roll the wire so that the blockage breaks through.
Flush the system with water using a hose. If the water does not come out of the drain holes, but is directed into the system, the blockage has been removed.

Most often, cleaning the device in high-rise buildings is not done independently, but with the help of plumbers. Also, the cable can be directed into the system through the ventilation pipe on the roof of the house.

If the clogging is large enough, you will have to dismantle part of the structure.

The device, principle of operation, installation of a septic tank Topas can be found here

The device, principle of operation, installation of a Biozon septic tank can be found on this page

Housing department refuse to clean the sewer riser

Do you have an HOA or a housing cooperative? - then to the chairman - to fight together - to terminate the contract, etc.

e. If not, the local authorities chose the Criminal Code for you at the auction - a written complaint (2 copies - one for you) to the local authorities demanding to call the Criminal Code to order and give you a copy of the state order for the court.

In writing - in the DEZ, GUIS, Housing Inspection, Prosecutor's Office To the police a statement (always in writing!) with a demand to bring to the adm.

responsibility of the Criminal Code under Articles 7.22 and 7.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - and go to "get" the police and complain in writing above - no one wants to do anything Article 7.22.

Violation of the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises Violation by persons responsible for the maintenance of residential buildings and (or) residential premises of the rules for the maintenance and repair of residential buildings and (or) residential premises. shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of four thousand to five thousand roubles; for legal entities - from forty thousand to fifty thousand rubles.

Article 7.23. Violation of standards for providing the population with communal services Violation of the normative level or regime for providing the population with communal services - shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of five hundred to one thousand roubles; for legal entities - from five thousand to ten thousand rubles. PP No. 354 dated 06.05.2011 , GOST R 51617-2000 Appendix to the order of the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow dated October 31, 2012 N 05-14-427 / 2 REGULATIONS FOR WORK ON MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF COMMON PROPERTY IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING (as amended by

order of the DZhKHiB of Moscow dated 03/04/2013 N 05-14-57 / 3) (if you are not in Moscow, look for an analogue) And this is to demand a major overhaul from the authorities: Federal Law No. 1541-1 of July 4, 1991.

Article 16. The privatization of residential premises occupied by citizens in houses requiring major repairs shall be carried out in accordance with this Law.

At the same time, the former landlord retains the obligation to overhaul the house in accordance with the standards for the maintenance, operation and repair of the housing stock.

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« Reply #1 on : Jul 31, 2015, 02:08:54 PM » Usually this case is washed out with hot water by pushing a hose from the basement, kitchen risers are usually overgrown with grease. But the main work will still have to be on the 7th and 8th floors, to clean the 8th floor from the basement with a cable, I have not even heard of such sadomasochism.

If there is no blockage below, and this can be checked by pouring water, then there is no point in calling the residents. Another thing is that if the blockage is mechanical, it can get stuck down the riser. I recommend to encourage employees and I think things will go faster

The sewer system in the house is clogged.

How long does it take for the AC to respond to the call?

No. 170 (http://base.garant.ru/12132859/) establishes deadlines for troubleshooting when performing unscheduled (unforeseen) current repairs of individual parts of residential buildings and their equipment.

Malfunctions of the emergency order of pipelines and their interfaces (with fittings, fittings and devices for water supply, sewerage, hot water supply, central heating, gas equipment must be eliminated immediately. The rules and regulations contained in this resolution are binding on the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, bodies state control and supervision, local governments, managing organizations.

Housing and communal services. Is free.

in stairwells; housekeeping and housekeeping. The list of free services given above is subject to contractual services stipulated in the contract for the management of an apartment building concluded between residents and the management company, are posted in the offices or on the website of the management company, are mandatory and are paid monthly by paying a fee for the maintenance and repair of housing in the column called

Along with the free work stipulated in the contract for the management of an apartment building concluded between residents and the management company, there are additional services provided by the management company, but for which (since the management companies are commercial companies and therefore have the right to determine the payment for work on market principles), the tenants are obliged to pay. For example, plumbing fixtures, the life of which has not yet ended.